[Data Guard]Oracle10g Data Guard學習筆記(二)
1. Using Data Guard Broker and Enterprise Manager
Data Guard Broker: Components
Client-side:Two interfaces
– Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Grid Control
– A command-line interface: DGMGRL
Server-side: Data Guard monitor
– DMON process
– Configuration files
A broker configuration consists of
A configuration object
Database objects
Instance objects
Data Guard Broker: Requirements
• You must use the Enterprise Edition of Oracle Database 10g.
• 10g企業版
• 單例項或多例項
• 主備資料庫Compatible引數設定為9.2.0.1.0以上
• Oracle Net network files必須在各資料庫上配置
• 每個instance上的LOCAL_LISTENER必須被解析為一個所有member都能訪問的地址
• 為使得DGMGRL能重啟例項,在每個例項的local listener中必須靜態註冊一個服務,其中GLOBAL_DBNAME設定格式為db_unique_name_DGMGRL.db_domain
• 初始化引數DG_BROKER_START = TRUE
• 主資料庫為歸檔模式
• 所有資料庫在mount或open狀態
• RAC環境下必須使用DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn(1,2)指定所有例項使用同一組configuration files(在共享儲存上)
• 在RAC資料庫在OCR中設定START_OPTIONS為MOUNT
Data Guard Broker and the SPFILE
資料庫必須使用spfile啟動,以便Data Guard Broker能夠同步spfile和configuration file中的設定。建議使用Data Guard Broker來更新資料庫的引數。
Data Guard Monitor: DMON Process
Server端的後臺程式,在啟動broker時建立,用於完成各項操作,在多個DMON間進行互動,更新configuration file
Data Guard Monitor: Configuration File
Broker啟動時在預設路徑自動建立,可透過DG_BROKER_CONFIG_FILEn引數來修改檔名。由DMON進行自動維護,存在兩份,互為備份。
2. Creating a Configuration and Physical Standby Database by Using Enterprise Manager
3. Creating a Physical Standby Database by Using SQL
Steps to Create a Physical Standby Database
1. Prepare the primary database.
a) Database一級enable force logging
b) 建立密碼檔案
c) 設定初始化引數
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(chicago,boston)'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=boston
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE)
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=auto
ARCHIVE_LAG_TARGET
LOG_ARCHIVE_TRACE
d) 開啟歸檔
2. Back up the primary database.
資料庫全備&standby controlfile
3. Copy files to the standby system.
資料庫全備、standby controlfile、pfile
4. Set parameters on the physical standby database.
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston
SERVICE_NAMES=boston
CONTROL_FILES='/arch1/boston/control1.ctl','/arch2/boston/control2.ctl'
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT= '/arch1/chicago/','/arch1/boston/',
'/arch2/chicago/','/arch2/boston/'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/arch1/chicago/','/arch1/boston/',
'/arch2/chicago/','/arch2/boston/'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1= 'LOCATION=/arch1/boston/
VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=boston'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2= 'SERVICE=chicago
VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=chicago'
INSTANCE_NAME=boston
FAL_SERVER=chicago
FAL_CLIENT=boston
STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST = '/standby/arc_dest/'(override log_archive_dest_n)
Windows平臺上建立服務
建立密碼檔案
為主備資料庫配置listener和網路服務名
為standby建立spfile
5. Start the standby database.
恢復備份,啟動例項,啟到managed standby方式
6. Additional Configuration Tasks
建立standby redo log
enable real-time apply
enable flashback database
upgrade the data protection mode
使用data gurad broker配置standby configuration(已有standby)
1. 設定DG_BROKER_START=TRUE
2. 建立configuration
$ dgmgrl
DGMGRL> CONNECT sys/
DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION 'DRSolution' AS
> PRIMARY DATABASE IS 'North_Sales'
> CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS North_Sales.foo.com;
3. 向configuration中新增standby
DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE 'DR_Sales' AS
> CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS DR_Sales.foo.com
> MAINTAINED AS PHYSICAL;
4. Setting Database Properties
DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'DR_Sales' SET PROPERTY
> 'LogArchiveFormat'='log_%t_%s_%r_%d.arc';
檢視DGMGRL> SHOW DATABASE VERBOSE 'DR_Sales';
5. Enabling the Configuration and Databases
DGMGRL> ENABLE CONFIGURATION;
4. Configuring Data Protection Modes and Redo Transport Services
Defining the Redo Transport Mode
ARCH and LGWR-使用ARCH或LGWR程式進行redo的傳輸
SYNC and ASYNC (LGWR only)-網路I/O的同步或非同步
AFFIRM and NOAFFIRM-磁碟I/O的同步或非同步
Data Protection Modes
Maximum Protection: standby redo logs, SYNC, LGWR, AFFIRM
Maximum Availability: standby redo logs, SYNC, LGWR, AFFIRM
Maximum Performance: LGWR&ASYNC or ARCH
Setting the Data Protection Mode
升級保護模式要求重啟primary資料庫,降級則不需要
1. 使用EM
2. 使用CLI(首先建立standby redo)
DGMGRL> EDIT DATABASE 'site1_edrsr8p1' SET PROPERTY 'LogXptMode'='SYNC';
DGMGRL> EDIT CONFIGURATION SET PROTECTION MODE AS MAXAVAILABILITY;
3. 使用SQL
首先設定相關引數
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY TO MAXIMIZE PROTECTION;
Delaying the Application of Redo
可避免一些Data corruption或user errors
使用log_archive_dest_n中的delay選項(分鐘)
可使用flashback database來實現同樣的目的
Additional Attributes That Affect Redo Transport Services
ALTERNATE: 設定一個alternate dest,Require REOPEN=0 or MAX_FAILURE
DEPENDENCY
MAX_FAILURE: 重試次數,Requires REOPEN
NET_TIMEOUT: 設定一個比預設值更小的超時,在最大保護模式下慎用
REOPEN: 兩次重試之間的時間(秒),設定為0則不重試
Enabling Multiple Connections for Remote Archival of Redo
設定MAX_CONNECTIONS,使得歸檔檔案可以並行傳輸。
必須保證LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES足夠大。
注:logical standby暫時無視
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