代詞分人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞、指示代詞、關係代詞和連線代詞，它們在句子中承擔不同的功用。[@more@]

指示代詞

一、指示代詞this，that，these和those用來代替上文已提到或指示眼前的人或物，在句中可充當主語、賓語和定語。做定語的指示代詞要與所修飾的詞在數上一致

1) Today’s libraries differ greatly from .

［A］ the past ［B］ those of the past ［C］ that are past ［D］ those past

2) The amount of money spent on cosmetics, according to some authorities, has exceeded spent on public health.

［A］ one

［B］ those

［C］ it

［D］ that

3) The culture and customs of America are more like of England than of any other country.

［A］ that

［B］ what

［C］ which

［D］ those

例題解析

1) B為正確答案。此題中的differ from意為“不同於”，相比較的物件為“現代的圖書館”與“以往的圖書館”，故應選B ，用those代替前面提到的libraries(複數)。

2) D為正確答案。“has exceeded”“超過，超越”，空檔後“spent on public health”作定語，而空檔處是代詞代替“The amount of monay”，這是不可數名詞，所以“［A］ one”和“［B］ those”均不符合條件。“［C］ it”也不對，it代詞代“the amount of money spent on cosmetics,”那麼空檔後的“spent on public health”顯然與“spent on cosmetics”相矛盾。所以C也不對。

3) D為正確答案。“what”和“which”為連線和關係代詞，“that”指代單數，而空檔處是代前邊的“The clture and customs of America”，所以應當用複數代詞those。

二、為了避免重複，that或those來代替前邊的名詞或代詞，that表示事物，those表示人。一般來講that表示單數或不可數，而those表示複數。但those可以和who連用，由who引導一個定語從句，這時those就不是代替前邊的某詞

4) Numerous efforts have been made ［A］ to improve ［B］ the laws governing ［C］ air pollution， but none have been as successful as them ［D］ devised by the state of Oregon.

5) An internationally famous ballerina ［A］， Maria Tallchief demonstrated ［B］ that the quality of ballet in the United States could equal those ［C］ of the ballet in Europe ［D］ .

6) Since the job was going to be ［A］ difficult， he asked only ［B］ them ［C］ he trusted to assist him ［D］ .

7) Forest animals ［A］ utilize the sense ［B］ of smell less ［C］ than them ［D］ in the countryside.

例題解析

4) D錯。改為those。這裡“those”與“none”同指，都代“the laws”。

5) C錯。改為that，代“the quality。”

6) C錯。改為those。C處作“asked”的賓語，又作“he trusted to assist him”的先行詞。

7) D 錯。改為those。

三、such修飾可數名詞須與a連用，也可修飾可數名詞複數和不可數名詞

8) Let us take a serious, reasonable look at what the results might be if proposal were accepted.

［A］ so many

［B］ a so many

［C］ a such

［D］ such a

9) Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing dishonesty?

［A］ so

［B］ those

［C］ such

［D］ such a

例題解析

8) D為正確答案。

9) C為正確答案。

關系代詞

關係代詞有who, whom, whose, that, which，as。它們用來引導定語從句。它們既代表所修飾詞，又在從句中擔任一定的成分。

一、who和whom代表人，who在從句作主語而whom在從句中作(動詞或介詞的)賓語

1) Human beings are social ［A］ animals whom ［B］ usually prefer not to live in physical ［C］ or psychological isolation ［D］ .

二、whose表示“某人的”，在從句中作定語

2) There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of open mouth the tea was supposed to come.

［A］ which ［B］ its［C］ that［D］ whose

三、that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物或前邊整個句子所表述的情況；that在從句中作主語、賓語和表語；which在從句中作主語或賓語

3) The first doll say “mama” was invented in 1830.

［A］ that it could ［B］ could ［C］ it could ［D］ that could

四、代表物時多用which，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括all, anything, much等

4) Probably he had come down in the world and this sampling was all was left him from the time when he could afford to come and select his favorite pudding.

［A］ what［B］ that［C］ which［D］ who

5) Although Jefferson lived more than 200 years ago, there is much we can learn from him today.

［A］ as［B］ when［C］ who［D］ that

五、在非限定性定語從句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

6) After a while I recognized him as "Big Jim," used to sit behind me in maths class in high school.

［A］ which［B］ who［C］ he［D］ that

7) I have often wondered whether some people, had no intention of making a purchase, would take advantage of this privilege of having a sample puddings without buying them.

［A］ whom［B］ who［C］ which［D］ what

8) This means we shall have to carry our own water, will add even greater weight to the saucer."

［A］ that［B］ although［C］ why［D］ which

六、which引導非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分，而不是一個名詞

9) One can suggest that students should spend two or three years in an English－speaking country, amounts to washing one's hands of English complex structures.

［A］ whom［B］ which［C］ when［D］ that

七、在引導限定性定語從句時，that有時相當於in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態度正在改變，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislikes it. 我出於某種原因喜歡這種音樂，而他恰恰與我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

八、有時as也可用作關係代詞

Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his turned out not quite as he had expected.

九、例題解析

1) B錯。改為who。2) D為正確答案。3) D為正確答案。4) B為正確答案。5) D為正確答案。

6) B為正確答案。7) B為正確答案。8) D為正確答案。9) B為正確答案。

連線代詞：是用來引導主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句，連線代詞有 what, who, whom,whose, which。

一、what可引導名詞性從句，作主語和表語。“what”兼具先行詞和關係代詞的性質，what=the thing(things)that

1) Continue to be you are before you find an exercelent job!

［A］ who［B］ that［C］ what［D］ which

2) would be a fairly long speech in a play is often presented as a recitative(宣敘部) in opera.

［A］ That［B］ There［C］ It［D］ What

二、代詞who(m), which和what可以和?ever構成複合代詞(whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever)，它們起強調作用，都兼具先行詞和關係詞的作用。表示“所有，一切”意。whoever和whomever作為複合代詞，前邊有介詞，如果單純作介詞的賓語用whomever；如果介詞後邊的複合代詞引導從句，則用whoever

3) it is you have heard, you'd better ask him about it in person.

［A］ Whatever ［B］ However［C］ That［D］ Although

4) The government will sell public houses to provides enough amount of money for the government further investment.

［A］ whoever ［B］ those［C］ people［D］ who

三、有時這些複合代詞還可以引起狀語

5) the size or nature of a business,its main goal is to earn a profit.

［A］ Whatever［B］ Of［C］ Whereas［D］ Because

四、例題解析

1) C為正確答案。2) D為正確答案。3) A為正確答案。4) A為正確答案。5) A為正確答案。

英語語法(7) 代詞之二

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