英語語法(4) 形容詞和副詞之一

TolyHuang發表於2007-12-04

形容詞和副詞在語法結構中主要用於比較級和最高階。形容詞和副詞的構成形式基本上一樣,它們的形式與單音節、雙音節和多音節有關,當然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級的基本用法分為同級比較、比較級和最高階三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表達方式以及它們的慣用法。對以下要點大家須一一掌握。

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形容詞比較級和最高階的形式

一、形容詞比較級和最高階的構成

形容詞的比較級和最高階變化形式規則如下

一般單音節詞末尾加?er ?est strong stronger strongest

單音節詞如果以?e結尾,只加?r ?st strange stranger strangest

閉音節單音節詞如末尾只有 一個子音字母,

須先雙寫這個子音字母,再加?er?est sad

big

hot sadder

bigger

hotter saddest

biggest

hottest

少數以?y,?er(?ure),?ow,?ble結尾的雙音節詞,

末尾加?er?est(?y結尾的詞,如?y前是子音字母,

y變成i,再加?er?est,以?e結尾的詞仍

只加?r?st) angry

clever

narrow

noble angrier

cleverer

narrower

nobler angrest

cleverest

narrowest

noblest

其他雙音節和多音節詞都在前面加單詞moremost different more

different most

different

二、形容詞比較級或最高階的特殊形式:

1. 三個或三個以上音節的形容詞只能加moremost

只能說 more beautiful而不能說beautifuller; 只能說the most beautiful而不能說beautifullest

但是,以形容字首?un結尾的三音節形容詞不適合上述情況,如unhappy,untidy,我們可以說:unhappierunhappiest, untidieruntidiest

2. ?ING分詞和?ED分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規則動詞如knowknown)只能加moremost來表示它們的比較級和最高階

more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn等。

3. 英語裡有些形容詞由於其詞義而不可能有比較級形式

absolute fatal main right universal

chief final naked simulta- utter

entire foremost perfect neous vital

eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole

excellent infinite primary supreme wooden

三、不規則形容詞的比較級和最高階形式

good

well better best

bad

ill worse worst

many

much more most

little

few less least

far farther farthest

further furthest

副詞比較級和最高階的形式

副詞比較級和最高階的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣

一般 副詞

hardharder hardest

fastfaster fastest

latelater latest

earlyearlier earliest

特殊 副詞

well better best

much more most

badly worse worst

little less least 但是,開放類副詞即以字尾?ly結尾的副詞不能像形容詞那樣加?er?est,如

quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly

[注]: early中的?ly不是字尾,故可以把?y?i再加?er?est

形容詞與副詞比較級和最高階的基本用法

一、原級比較的基本用法

1. 原級比較由“as+形容詞或副詞(或再加名詞或短語)as ”構成“原級相同”比較句,表示兩者比較;其否定式,即“程度不及”比較句型為“not so(as) +形容詞或副詞+as”,而且asas結構前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾

2. as (so)+名詞+as+名詞”進行名詞比較,這時一般情況下有一個表示原級的比較詞,但如果第一名詞前出現了形容詞修飾該詞或出現副詞修飾謂語,應當用so而不用as

二、比較級

1. 比較級由“形容詞(副詞)比較級+than+…,”構成表示在兩者中間一方比另一方“更加…”。連詞than後可接句子,也可接名詞、代詞、名詞短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、?ING結構和?ED結構,有時也可省去than

2. 注意than前後兩項相比較的人或事物要一致

三、最高階

1. 最高階用於三者以上比較,形容詞的結構形式是“定冠詞+形容詞最高階+名詞+表示範圍的短語或從句”(all, of all, of the tree, in the world, that has ever taken place)

2. 副詞的最高階與形容詞最高階的區別在於最高階前沒有定冠詞the

四、同步練習

1) Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .

A to run for fifteen minutes

B running for fifteen minutes

C you run for fifteen minutes

D fifteen?minute walking

解析:B為正確答案。

2) The gorilla(大猩猩) while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee(黑猩猩) shows more persistence C and memory retention(記憶力) in solving D a problem.

解析:B錯。改為 as ,和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構成同程度比較。

3) Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state Texas.

解析:B錯。 改為as large

4) Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician.

A such B more C as D than

解析:C對。動詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前後是兩個相比較的成分achievements(成果) contributions(貢獻),由於前面的名詞後出現了短語 as an architect,故空白處也應用as,使前後對比成分一致。

5) I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter.

A that B so C this D as

解析:B為正確答案。

6) Natural mica(雲母) of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica.

解析:C錯。應改為比較級cheaper。比較級後並不一定跟接連詞than,有時在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾),介詞短語,不定式或其他成分隔開。

7) She is older than .

A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group

C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group

解析:A為正確答案。“She”作為單個不能跟全組比(CD不對),也不能跟全組所有相比,因為“她”也是其中一員,自然“她”不能跟自己相比。這裡“She”比較的是“這組中的任何一個”,所以A對。

8) Josephine McCrackin joined A the Santa Cruz Sentinel in 1905 and until her death fifteen years late B remained C active in journalistic D work.

解析:B錯。應改為比較級later,因此處實為與1905年相比晚15年,故應使用比較級。

9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .

A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us

解析:D為正確答案。

10) Sound travels air.

A faster through water than through B faster than through water and

C through water faster andD where it is faster through water than through

解析:A為正確答案。

11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout one of Rembrands pupils followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D .

解析:D錯。 改為his masters

12) The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear.

解析:A錯。 改為most

13) Of all economic A problems inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business.

解析:C錯。改為the significant是多音節形容詞,在此處應用最高階形式(在前面加 the most),注意句中的“of all ”。

14) the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction.

A All the activities B The activities

C Of all the activities D It is the activities

解析:C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語,AB全為名詞短語,不符合條件;D為句子,和空白後面的句子沒有任何聯絡,故亦應排除。只有C正確,和後面的最高階the most familiar前後呼應。

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