在 RHEL3 上配置 Oracle 10g Data Guard(轉)

zyb200發表於2007-06-20
一、 環境配置
primary:
IP:192.168.0.120
CPU:2個Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.80GHz (HT)
Mem:2G
Swap:4G
Disk:130G

DB:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Prod
OS:Linux oracle 2.4.21-20.ELsmp #1 SMP

standby:
IP:192.168.0.101
Cup:2個Intel(R) Xeon(TM) CPU 2.40GHz (HT)
Mem:2G
Swap:2G
Disk:66G

DB:Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.1.0.3.0 - Prod
OS:Linux boss-3 2.4.21-15.ELsmp #1 SMP
[@more@]Primary為正在使用的生產資料庫,standby安裝oracle軟體,但不建立資料庫。


二、 建立物理備用資料庫
1. 準備主庫的oracle環境:
編輯oracle使用者的$HOME/.bash_profile檔案,oracle相關環境變數如下:
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_SID=BOSS; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/Db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
DISPLAY=10.1.9.59:0.0; export DISPLAY
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16CGB231280; export NLS_LANG

2. 修改主庫為歸檔模式
建立歸檔目錄:
mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS/arch
修改歸檔模式:
archive log list;
create pfile from spfile;
編輯$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initBOSS.ora
新增下面一行
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'

sqlplus /nolog
conn sys as sysdba
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount;
alter database mount;
alter database archivelog;
alter database open;

3. 對主資料庫做一次完整熱備份,獲得備用資料庫資料
RMAN>connect target
RMAN> backup database format='/home/oracle/%U_%s.bak';
RMAN> sql "Alter System Archive Log Current";
RMAN> Backup filesperset 10 ArchiveLog all format='/home/oracle/%U_%s.bak';

cd /home/oracle
scp *.bak 192.168.0.101:/home/oracle/


4. 在standby伺服器準備環境與primary相同
編輯oracle使用者的$HOME/.bash_profile檔案,oracle相關環境變數如下:
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_SID=BOSS; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.1.0/Db_1; export ORACLE_HOME
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH:
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
DISPLAY=10.1.9.59:0.0; export DISPLAY
NLS_LANG=american_america.ZHS16CGB231280; export NLS_LANG

5. 準備相應目錄,如日誌檔案路徑,歸檔路徑,引數檔案路徑,資料檔案準備存放路徑等
$mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS
$mkdir -p /u02/oradata/BOSS /arch
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/bdump
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/cdump
$mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/BOSS/udump

6. 建立備用資料庫引數檔案
主庫的引數如下:
BOSS.__db_cache_size=339738624
BOSS.__java_pool_size=33554432
BOSS.__large_pool_size=4194304
BOSS.__shared_pool_size=218103808
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/bdump'
*.compatible='10.1.0.2.0'
*.control_files='/u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl','/u02/oradata/BOSS/control02.ctl','/u02/oradata/BOSS/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='BOSS'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.db_writer_processes=4
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=BOSSXDB)'
*.global_names=FALSE
*.java_pool_size=32M
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.license_max_users=250
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dbstandby LGWR'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=199229440
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=598736896
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/udump'
*.utl_file_dir='/u01/app/oracle/admin/BOSS/bdump'

與主資料庫不一樣的引數如下:
#standby database parameter
standby_file_management=AUTO
remote_archive_enable=TRUE
standby_archive_dest='/u02/oradata/BOSS/arch'
fal_server='DBPRIMARY'
fal_client='DBSTANDBY'

7. 從主伺服器複製口令檔案到備用伺服器
$cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/
$scp orapwBOSS 192.168.0.101: /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs

8. 配置網路連線
修改主伺服器的
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/listener.ora檔案如下:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)
(PROGRAM = extproc)
)
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)
(SID_NAME = BOSS)
)
)


LISTENERDB =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENERDB =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)
(SID_NAME = BOSS)
)
)
$lsnrctl start
$lsnrctl status 檢視監聽狀態.

修改主伺服器的
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora檔案如下:
BOSS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oracle)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = PLSExtProc)
(PRESENTATION = RO)
)
)

DBPRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

DBSTANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

修改備用伺服器的
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/listener.ora檔案如下:
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)
(SID_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

LISTENERDB =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522))
)
)
)

SID_LIST_LISTENERDB =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = BOSS)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1)
(SID_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

修改備用伺服器的
/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora檔案如下:
DBPRIMARY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.120)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

DBSTANDBY =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.0.101)(PORT = 1522))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = BOSS)
)
)

在這裡配置兩個監聽,一個用於主伺服器到備用伺服器的連線,埠是1522,
另外一個用於日後的切換需要,預設埠1521。
啟動1522 的埠
$lsnrctl start listenerdb
$lsnrctl status listenerdb 檢視1522 埠上監聽的狀態.

測試:
在主和備用機上分別執行
tnsping dbprimary
tnsping dbstandby

9. 在主資料庫建立備用伺服器控制檔案
alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby.ctl';
建立後將控制檔案cp(rcp or scp)到備用資料庫所在的控制檔案目錄下。
如$ scp control01.ctl 192.168.0.101:/u02/oradata/BOSS/
cp /u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl /u02/oradata/BOSS/control02.ctl
cp /u02/oradata/BOSS/control01.ctl /u02/oradata/BOSS/control03.ctl

10. 啟動備用資料庫
conn sys as sysdba
create spfile from pfile;
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
恢復資料庫:
RMAN> connect target;
RMAN> restore database;
RMAN> restore archivelog all;

如果有恢復的日誌並想手工恢復,可以執行如下命令
SQL>recover automatic standby database;
如果過程中出現如下類似錯誤,則可以忽略
ORA-00279: change 50775 generated at 06/08/2004 21:57:21 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf
ORA-00280: change 50775 for thread 1 is in sequence #5
ORA-00278: log file '/u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf' no longer needed
for this recovery
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_5.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
因為最後需要的日誌根本沒有從主資料庫送過來


進入到後臺管理恢復狀態
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;


三、採用Lgwr程式傳遞聯日誌機的最大效能模式
1. 在備用資料庫上建立備用日誌
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo05.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo06.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo07.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 8 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo08.log') size 10m;
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

2. 修改主庫的歸檔路徑
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=dbstandby LGWR' scope=both;
另外,如果考慮到以後該庫可能被切換到備用資料庫,也可以建立同樣的備用日誌
組:
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 5 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo05.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 6 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo06.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 7 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo07.log') size 10m;
alter database add standby LOGFILE GROUP 8 ('/u02/oradata/BOSS/stdy_redo08.log') size 10m;

四、驗證備用伺服器是否工作
在主庫上:
create user test identified by ftp123;
grant connect,resource to test;
conn test/ftp123@primary;
create table test(name varchar2(20));
insert into test values('hi, Data Guard');
commit;
conn / as sysdba;
alter system switch logfile;

檢視從庫日誌
以只讀方式開啟從庫檢視 insert into test values('hi, Data Guard'); 已經生效。
conn / as sysdba;
alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database open read only;
conn test/ftp123
select * from test;

再次設定從庫在恢復模式:
alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

五、日常管理
1. 備用伺服器的管理模式與只讀模式
(1)啟動到管理模式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
(2)啟動到只讀方式
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup nomount;
SQL>alter database mount standby database;
SQL>alter database open read only;
(3)如果在管理恢復模式下到只讀模式
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database open read only;
這個時候,可以給資料庫增加臨時資料檔案(這個在熱備份的時候是沒有備份過來的)

alter tablespace temp add tempfile '/u02/oradata/BOSS/temp01.dbf' size 100M;
(4)從只讀方式到管理恢復方式
SQL>recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

2. 備用伺服器日誌刪除
備用伺服器的日誌刪除也必須小心,因為如果有些日誌還沒有被備用伺服器應用而該日誌被
刪除的話,將引起備用資料庫無法往下應用新的日誌。
刪除備用伺服器的日誌的指令碼為:
#!/bin/sh

# set env
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile

# start remove
cd $HOME/dbbat
grep "Media Recovery Log" $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/bdump/alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log | awk '{print $4}'|sed -e 's/^/rm /' > rmarch
log.sh
chmod +x ./rmarchlog.sh
./rmarchlog.sh
cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/bdump
cat alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log >>alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log.bak
echo ''>alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log
rm -f ./rmarchlog.sh

3. 日誌延遲檢查
備用伺服器可能有這樣的情況發生,因為日誌塊邏輯損壞,所以必須對日誌應用進行檢查,
防止日誌應用被停止,防患於未然,當然我們可以手工檢查,但是以下指令碼則可以實現自動
檢查(放到cron中)
#!/bin/bash

# set env
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile

# start check
DATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d:%H:%M:%S`
filepath=/u02/oradata/$ORACLE_SID/arch/
logpath=$ORACLE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/bdump
remotefile=`ssh oracle@192.168.0.120 "ls -t /u02/oradata/BOSS/arch/*|head -1|sed -e 's/.*_1_//g' |sed -e 's/.arc$//g'"`

echo "CHECK TIME:"${DATE}
echo
echo "remote file : "$remotefile

cd $filepath
varfile=`ls -t | head -1|sed -e 's/.*_1_//g' |sed -e 's/.arc$//g'`
echo "archive file : "$filepath$varfile

cd $logpath
varlog=`grep "Media Recovery Log" alert_${ORACLE_SID}.log | awk '{print $4}' | tail -1 |sed -e 's/.*_1_//g' | sed -e 's/.arc$//g'`
echo "applice file : "$varlog

echo

echo >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo "CHECK TIME:"${DATE} >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo "remote file : "$remotefile >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo "archive file : "$filepath$varfile >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo "applice file : "$varlog >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log
echo >> $HOME/dblog/check_DG_log.log

六、主庫與備庫的正常切換
注意:Swithover時只能先從Primary切到Standby,再從Standby切到Primary.
以下順序不能顛倒,如果採用standby redo log的需要注意在切換前在主資料庫建立同樣的standby redo log。
1.切換之前先要準備init引數檔案
最簡單的辦法就是把兩個資料庫的檔案互換,在一個機器上同時保留主資料庫的初始化檔案
與備用資料庫的初始化檔案。

2. 從Primary切換到standby的指令碼:
[oracle@db worksh]$ more swithstandby.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
sqlplus /nolog < connect / as sysdba
alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/inittbdbsdby.ora';
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
recover managed standby database disconnect;
exit
EOF
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start listenerdb

3. 修改主端的tnsnames.ora 將主庫IP:192.168.0.120 與備庫IP:192.168.0.101 對換(即120 與 101 對調即可)

4. 從standby切換到primary的指令碼:
$ more switchprimary.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_primary
sqlplus /nolog < connect / as sysdba
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/inittbdbprim.ora';
startup;
exit
EOF
lsnrctl stop listenerdb
lsnrctl start

5. 修改備用端的tnsnames.ora 將主庫IP:192.168.0.120 與備庫IP:192.168.0.101 對換(即 120 與 101 對調即可)
這樣切換的要求是主機和備機各有兩個listener, listener 監聽1521,listenerdb 監聽1522(見
上面的配置過程),任何一個節點,在primary期間啟動listener, standby 期間啟動listenerdb。
連線data guard的客戶端的tnsnames配置,這樣就可以實現失敗切換,對客戶端是透明的:
BOSS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(failover = on )
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 主)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 備)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SID = BOSS)
)

七、備庫的失敗切換
1. 失敗切換
一般指主伺服器已經不能使用,必須切換到備用伺服器,所以,只操作備用伺服器這一
端,以下提供一切換指令碼
$ more switchprimary.sh
#!/bin/bash
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
sqlplus /nolog < connect / as sysdba
recover managed standby database cancel;
-- if standby have Standby redo logfile
--alter database recover managed standby database finish;
-- else
alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;
-- switch
alter database commit to switchover to primary;
-- open
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/inittbdbprim.ora';
startup;
exit
EOF
lsnrctl stop listenerdb
lsnrctl start
最後改tnsnames.ora 將主庫IP:192.168.0.120 與備庫IP:192.168.0.101 對換(即120 與101 對調即可)
說明:
(1)如果在備用端有活動的未歸檔的日誌,或者有從主資料庫複製過來的聯機日誌,可以採
用如下的辦法註冊並恢復
SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/oracle/oradata/tbdb/archive/1_87.dbf';
SQL>recover standby database;
(2)如果有活動日誌,必須用
alter database recover managed standby database finish;
否則用
alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;
這樣切換的備用伺服器可以避免最小的資料丟失和不用resetlogs,特別是對於用多個備
用伺服器的時候,該伺服器可以馬上作為主伺服器而不用重新建立備用伺服器。

2. 強行切換(啟用)
這樣的切換是以激和備用伺服器來完成的,在重新啟動資料庫的時候,備用機會
resetlogs,這樣會影響到其它備用伺服器而且必須重新在主伺服器上重新構造備用伺服器,
一般不建議這樣做。
$ more activeprimary.sh
#!/bin/bash
#swith to primary with cancel
cd $HOME
. .bash_profile
#cancel and startup database
sqlplus /nolog < connect / as sysdba
alter system archive log current;
recover managed standby database cancel;
alter database activate standby database;
shutdown immediate;
create spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/Db_1/dbs/inittbdbprim.ora';
startup;
exit
EOF
lsnrctl stop listenerdb
lsnrctl start

八、備用庫的備份與恢復
1. 從備用庫上恢復主庫的資料檔案
在某些情況下,主伺服器可能損壞一個或兩個資料檔案,如果從主資料庫上的備份恢復,理
論上也是可以的,但是可能會因為需要應用到太多的日誌,實際耗時太大,這個時候,我們
可以考慮從備份伺服器上恢復該資料檔案,因為備份伺服器與主資料庫一般只相差一個日誌
檔案左右。
(1)關閉備用資料庫
recover managed standby database cancel;
shutdown immediate;
(2)複製或FTP損壞的資料檔案到主資料庫
(3)在主資料庫recover database datafile '檔名'即可。

2. 在備用資料庫上進行備份
如果想減輕主庫的壓力,可以在備用資料庫上進行備份,因為備用控制檔案的特性關係,在
對standby的rman備份中,不能修改rman的配置,所以沒有辦法自動備份控制檔案。
可以採用如下的方法備份:
(1)備份備用資料庫,可以停止恢復程式,跳轉到read only模式下,透過backup database來備份資料庫,這樣的資料庫處於一致性的模式下。
(2)採用恢復目錄備份standby資料庫
rman target sys@dbstandby
backup database format '/u02/oradata/rman_backup/full_%d_%T_s%s_p%p';
backup archivelog all delete input format '/u02/oradata/rman_backup/arc_%d_%T_s%s_p%p';
(3)如果採用控制檔案做恢復目錄,注意
alter database backup controlfile to '/u02/oradata/rman_backup/ctl_%d_%T_s%s_p%p';

來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ,連結:http://blog.itpub.net/64429/viewspace-919567/,如需轉載,請註明出處,否則將追究法律責任。

相關文章