what is sql?(轉)
what is sql?(轉)[@more@]SQL是Structured Query Language(結構化查詢語言)的縮寫,它是目前使用最廣泛的資料庫語言,SQL是由IBM發展起來的,後來被許多資料庫軟體公司接受而成為了業內的一個標準。就象SQL的名字一樣,我們可以透過容易理解的查詢語言,來和資料庫打交道,從資料庫中得到我們想要的資料。對於SQL語言,有兩個組成部分:DML(data manipulation language):它們是SELECT、UPDATE、INSERT、DELETE,就象它的名字一樣,這4條命令是用來對資料庫裡的資料進行操作的語言。DDL(data definition language):DDL比DML要多,主要的命令有CREATE、ALTER、DROP等,DDL主要是用在定義或改變表(TABLE)的結構,資料型別,表之間的連結和約束等初始化工作上,他們大多在建立表時使用。瞭解這兩個部分的不同對於你今後使用時有很多方便,因為許多SQL語言中的約束也是根據這個分類來劃分的,比如:你在ORACLE中建立資料庫鏈,那麼只有DML類語言能對連結的資料庫進行操作。SQL作為一個ANSI標準,一直在不斷改進,現在最新的標準是SQL99。ORACLE不但對標準的SQL完全相容,而且有自己更為方便的增強SQL,所以這裡介紹的主要是ORACLE8中使用的SQL。
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