檢視SQL的執行計劃方法

skyin_1603發表於2017-08-23

檢視SQL執行計劃的方式


  獲取 sql執行計劃並檢視執行計劃,是掌握和判斷效能的基本技巧。下面案例介紹了多種檢視sql執行計劃的方式:


基本有以下幾種方式:

1、透過sql_trace初始化引數

2、透過Autotrace

3、透過explain plan

4、透過dbms_xplan.display_cursor

5、透過dbms_xplan.display_awr

6、透過10046事件


1、透過explain plan 工具

12:24:00 SCOTT@ prod>explain plan for

12:24:06   2  select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

Explained.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.22

12:24:16 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display);

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

14 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:01.14


2、透過DBMS_XPLAN.display_cursor檢視

12:52:37 SCOTT@ prod>desc dbms_xplan

FUNCTION DISPLAY_CURSOR RETURNS DBMS_XPLAN_TYPE_TABLE

Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

SQL_ID                         VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT

CURSOR_CHILD_NO                NUMBER(38)              IN     DEFAULT

FORMAT                         VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT

如果以scott使用者訪問需要進行授權:

12:31:44 SYS@ prod>select * from dict where upper(table_name)='V$SESSION';

TABLE_NAME                     COMMENTS

------------------------------ ----------------------------------------

V$SESSION                      Synonym for V_$SESSION

Elapsed: 00:00:00.09

12:31:09 SYS@ prod>grant select on V_$SESSION to scott;

Grant succeeded.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10


12:43:15 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

User has no SELECT privilege on V$SQL_PLAN


解決許可權不足:

12:42:33 SYS@ prod>grant select any table to scott;

Grant succeeded.

12:43:46 SYS@ prod>show parameter o7

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY          boolean     TRUE

12:44:54 SYS@ prod>

案例:dbms_xplan.display_cursor

12:42:45 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;


    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20


Elapsed: 00:00:00.08


12:43:15 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'all'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID  bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

  2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

  1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

      "DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

  2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

32 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.05

案例:

12:49:10 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;


    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20


Elapsed: 00:00:00.00

12:50:06 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'advanced'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID  bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

  2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Outline Data

-------------

 /*+

     BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA

     IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS

     OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')

     DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')

     ALL_ROWS

     OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")

     INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "EMP"@"SEL$1" ("EMP"."EMPNO"))

     END_OUTLINE_DATA

 */

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

  1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

      "DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

  2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

46 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.06

12:50:21 SCOTT@ prod>

這種方法在 SQLPLUS中檢視剛執行過的 SQLSQLSQL的執行計劃 。

-- dbms_xplan.display_cursor傳入的前兩個引數值均為 null,null第三個引數是 "advanced"第三個參 數也可以是 "all"得到的顯示結果,少了 "Outline data"部分的內容 。


sql>select sql_text,sql_id,hash_value,child_number from v$sql

 2*  where sql_text like 'select empno,ename,sal%'

SQL_TEXT                                           SQL_ID        HASH_VALUE CHILD_NUMBER

-------------------------------------------------- ------------- ---------- ------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno bqz9ujgnn4jzu 3913435130            0

=7788

Elapsed: 00:00:00.04

13:00:25 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('bqz9ujgnn4jzu',0,'advanced'));


PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID  bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number 0

-------------------------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Query Block Name / Object Alias (identified by operation id):

-------------------------------------------------------------

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  1 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

  2 - SEL$1 / EMP@SEL$1

Outline Data

-------------

 /*+

     BEGIN_OUTLINE_DATA

     IGNORE_OPTIM_EMBEDDED_HINTS

     OPTIMIZER_FEATURES_ENABLE('11.2.0.1')

     DB_VERSION('11.2.0.1')

     ALL_ROWS

     OUTLINE_LEAF(@"SEL$1")

     INDEX_RS_ASC(@"SEL$1" "EMP"@"SEL$1" ("EMP"."EMPNO"))

     END_OUTLINE_DATA

 */

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Column Projection Information (identified by operation id):

-----------------------------------------------------------

  1 - "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22], "ENAME"[VARCHAR2,10], "SAL"[NUMBER,22],

      "DEPTNO"[NUMBER,22]

  2 - "EMP".ROWID[ROWID,10], "EMPNO"[NUMBER,22]

46 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.14


3、透過DBMS_XPLAN.display_awr

使用方法dbms_xplan.display_cursor 能夠得到sql執行計劃的前提條件是該SQL還在共享池中,而如果執行計劃的前提條件是該SQL還在共享池中,而如果執行計劃的前提條件是該 還在共享池中,而如果SQLSQLSQL的執行計劃已經被刷出共享池,那麼只要該SQL的執行計劃被ORACLE採集到 AWR Repository中, 就可以用該方法來檢視 。


12:24:00 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

13:10:56 SYS@ prod>exec dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot;

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

13:11:37 SYS@ prod>alter system flush shared_pool;

System altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.31

13:16:28 SYS@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('bqz9ujgnn4jzu',0,'advanced'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID: bqz9ujgnn4jzu, child number: 0 cannot be found

13:21:53 SYS@ prod>desc dbms_xplan

FUNCTION DISPLAY_AWR RETURNS DBMS_XPLAN_TYPE_TABLE

Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

SQL_ID                         VARCHAR2                IN

PLAN_HASH_VALUE                NUMBER(38)              IN     DEFAULT

DB_ID                          NUMBER(38)              IN     DEFAULT

FORMAT                         VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT

13:30:15 SCOTT@ prod>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_awr('bqz9ujgnn4jzu'));

PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SQL_ID bqz9ujgnn4jzu

--------------------

select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |       |       |     2 (100)|          |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.30


4、透過10046 事件檢視

1)檢視當前session:

13:29:52 SYS@ prod>grant alter session to scott;

Grant succeeded.

13:44:31 SCOTT@ prod>alter session set events '10046 trace name context forever,level 12';

Session altered.


13:44:53 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10

13:45:51 SCOTT@ prod>alter session set events '10046 trace name context off';

Session altered.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.03


[oracle@rh6 ~]$ ls -lt /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/|more

total 1256

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 27801 May 16 13:46 prod_ora_4995.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   177 May 16 13:46 prod_ora_4995.trm

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  1122 May 16 13:34 prod_j000_5188.trc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    59 May 16 13:34 prod_j000_5188.trm

......

[oracle@rh6 ~]$ tkprof /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/prod/prod/trace/prod_ora_4995.trc /home/oracle/emp_0416.txt sys=no

TKPROF: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Development on Fri May 16 13:47:41 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

[oracle@rh6 ~]$ cat emp_0416.txt

SQL ID: bqz9ujgnn4jzu

Plan Hash: 2949544139

select empno,ename,sal,deptno

from

emp where empno=7788

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.07       0.09          1         66          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.07       0.09          1         68          0           1

Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: 84  

Rows     Row Source Operation

-------  ---------------------------------------------------

     1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID EMP (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us cost=2 size=46 card=1)

     1   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_EMP (cr=1 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us cost=1 size=0 card=1)(object id 73202)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

 Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

 ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

 db file sequential read                         1        0.00          0.00

 SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

 SQL*Net message from client                     2       19.13         19.13

********************************************************************************


2)檢視其它session:

14:12:23 SYS@ prod>select sid,serial#,username from v$session where username is not null;

      SID    SERIAL# USERNAME

---------- ---------- ------------------------------

        1          5 SYS

42          9 SCOTT

6 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10

14:12:47 SYS@ prod>desc dbms_monitor

PROCEDURE SESSION_TRACE_DISABLE

Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

SESSION_ID                     BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

SERIAL_NUM                     BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

PROCEDURE SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE

Argument Name                  Type                    In/Out Default?

------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------

SESSION_ID                     BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

SERIAL_NUM                     BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT

WAITS                          BOOLEAN                 IN     DEFAULT

BINDS                          BOOLEAN                 IN     DEFAULT

PLAN_STAT                      VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT


14:13:11 SCOTT@ prod>select sid from v$mystat where rownum=1;

      SID

----------

       42

14:13:41 SYS@ prod>exec dbms_monitor.SESSION_TRACE_ENABLE(42,9,waits=>true,binds=>true);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.10


14:13:25 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7369;


    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7369 SMITH             800         20

Elapsed: 00:00:00.03

14:14:29 SYS@ prod>exec dbms_monitor.SESSION_TRACE_disable(42,9);

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02


[oracle@rh6 ~]$ cat emp_0416.txt

SQL ID: fyydvbdw2uq6q

Plan Hash: 2949544139

select empno,ename,sal,deptno

from

emp where empno=7369

call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

Parse        1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Execute      1      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0

Fetch        2      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           1

------- ------  -------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------  ----------

total        4      0.00       0.00          0          2          0           1


Misses in library cache during parse: 1

Optimizer mode: ALL_ROWS

Parsing user id: 84  

Rows     Row Source Operation

-------  ---------------------------------------------------

     1  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID EMP (cr=2 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us cost=2 size=46 card=1)

     1   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN PK_EMP (cr=1 pr=0 pw=0 time=0 us cost=1 size=0 card=1)(object id 73202)

Elapsed times include waiting on following events:

 Event waited on                             Times   Max. Wait  Total Waited

 ----------------------------------------   Waited  ----------  ------------

 SQL*Net message to client                       2        0.00          0.00

 SQL*Net message from client                     1        0.00          0.00


5、透過autotrace檢視

SET AUTOTRACE ON
SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY
SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY EXPLAIN
--使用SET AUTOTRACE ON和SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY時,目標SQL已經被執行過,所以在SET AUTOTRACE ON和SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY 的情況下能看到目標SQL
的實際消耗情況。
--使用SET AUTOTRACE TRACEONLY EXPLAIN時,如果執行的是SELECT語句,則該SQL並沒有被執行,但如果執行的是DML語句,情況就不一樣了,此時的DML語句是會
被ORACLE執行的。
--需要特別說明的是,雖然使用SET AUTOTRACE命令所得到的執行計劃可能是不準確的,因為SET AUTOTRACE命令所顯示的執行計劃都是源自於explain plan 命令。

案例:

15:32:11 SYS@ prod>conn scott/tiger

Connected.

15:32:17 SCOTT@ prod>set autotrace on

15:32:21 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20

Elapsed: 00:00:00.03

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

       168  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

        38  consistent gets

         0  physical reads

         0  redo size

       736  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

       523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

         2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

         5  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

         1  rows processed

15:32:26 SCOTT@ prod>set autotrace trace

15:32:49 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

         0  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

         2  consistent gets

         0  physical reads

         0  redo size

       736  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

       523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

         2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

         0  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

         1  rows processed

15:34:59 SCOTT@ prod>set autotrace on exp

15:35:04 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20

Elapsed: 00:00:00.02

Execution Plan

----------------------------------------------------------

Plan hash value: 2949544139

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| Id  | Operation                   | Name   | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT            |        |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|   1 |  TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| EMP    |     1 |    46 |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |

|*  2 |   INDEX UNIQUE SCAN         | PK_EMP |     1 |       |     1   (0)| 00:00:01 |

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):

---------------------------------------------------

  2 - access("EMPNO"=7788)

15:35:12 SCOTT@ prod>set autotrace on statis

15:35:20 SCOTT@ prod>select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp where empno=7788;

    EMPNO ENAME             SAL     DEPTNO

---------- ---------- ---------- ----------

     7788 SCOTT            3000         20

Elapsed: 00:00:00.03

Statistics

----------------------------------------------------------

         0  recursive calls

         0  db block gets

         2  consistent gets

         0  physical reads

         0  redo size

       736  bytes sent via SQL*Net to client

       523  bytes received via SQL*Net from client

         2  SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client

         0  sorts (memory)

         0  sorts (disk)

         1  rows processed

15:35:26 SCOTT@ prod>

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