Facebook的人工智慧透過讀童書來學習

PSI內容合夥人發表於2016-02-26

「多看書」可能是對鍛鍊語言基礎的學生最好的建議。其實,這個建議對人工智慧來說同樣奏效。 在2月18日,Facebook釋出了多個用來訓練他們的神經網路的資料集。其中一個資料集全是例如《叢林之書》,《彼得·潘》,《小婦人》,《聖誕頌歌》,《愛麗絲夢遊仙境》等經典小說。總共有100多個故事,都來自免費網上圖書館Project Gutenberg。 

這是專門為初出茅廬的AI定製的閱讀列表。Facebook把這種用閱讀培訓AI的方法叫做「兒童圖書測試(Children’s Book Test)」,同時也用它測試電腦的閱讀能力。 Facebook的研究人員利用閱讀列表上的一些故事範本訓練出神經網路。然後,他們在尚未讀過的故事中找到一些短摘錄,但最後一句話缺失一些單詞,他們讓神經網路從幾個選項中選出正確的單詞,將最後一句話填補完整。 例如,以下的例子是從桑頓·伯吉斯(Thornton Burgess)的《蟾蜍先生歷險記》摘選的一段話。

AI選擇了用「驚嚇」(紅色部分)填寫空白(藍色部分)

AI選擇了用「驚嚇」(紅色部分)填寫空白(藍色部分)[/caption] 研究人員認為,AI能夠回答這些問題證明了它們可以透過借鑑更廣泛的語境來做決定,這是表徵和記憶複雜資訊的關鍵技能。類似的思維方式驅動了Facebook設計的另一個智力測驗:讓AI回答短篇故事人物之間的關係。 然而,Facebook的AI並不僅從書本中學習知識。當它不讀書的時候,它還努力鑽研電影中的機智問答(Movie Trivia)。Facebook不僅公佈了他們的兒童圖書測試資料,還公佈了從線上常識素材庫Freebase上獲取的108 442個問題。這些問題包括:「另類嘻哈樂的知名藝術家有誰」和「哪個國家使用南島語系中Tomadino語」等等。


 

Facebook的AI要讀的書單

Andrew Lang Prince Prigio Andrew Lang Prince Prigio from "His Own Fairy Book" Andrew Lang Prince Ricardo of Pantouflia Andrew Lang The Blue Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Brown Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Crimson Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Grey Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Lilac Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Orange Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Pink Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Red Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Violet Fairy Book Andrew Lang The Yellow Fairy Book Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens The Cricket on the Hearth Charles Kingsley The Water-Babies Harriet Elizabeth Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin, Young Folks' Edition James Matthew Barrie Peter Pan James Matthew Barrie Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, Version 1James Matthew Barrie Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, Version 2James Matthew Barrie Peter and Wendy Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures Under Ground Lewis Carroll Through the Looking-Glass Lewis Carroll Alice's Adventures in Wonderland Louisa May Alcott Aunt Jo's Scrap-Bag, Volume 5 Louisa May Alcott Aunt Jo's Scrap-Bag Louisa May Alcott Aunt Jo's Scrap-Bag VI Louisa May Alcott Eight Cousins Louisa May Alcott Flower Fables Louisa May Alcott Jack and Jill Louisa May Alcott Jo's Boys Louisa May Alcott Kitty's Class Day And Other Stories Louisa May Alcott Little Men Louisa May Alcott Little Women Louisa May Alcott Marjorie's Three Gifts Louisa May Alcott The Mysterious Key And What It Opened Louisa May Alcott Under the Lilacs Lucy Maud Montgomery Anne's House of Dreams Lucy Maud Montgomery Anne Of Avonlea Lucy Maud Montgomery Anne Of Green Gables Lucy Maud Montgomery Anne Of The Island Lucy Maud Montgomery Chronicles of Avonlea Lucy Maud Montgomery Further Chronicles of Avonlea Lucy Maud Montgomery Kilmeny of the Orchard Lucy Maud Montgomery The Golden Road Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1896 to 1901 Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1902 to 1903 Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1904 Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1905 to 1906 Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1907 to 1908 Lucy Maud Montgomery Lucy Maud Montgomery Short Stories, 1909 to 1922 Lucy Maud Montgomery Rainbow Valley Lucy Maud Montgomery Rilla of Ingleside Lucy Maud Montgomery The Story Girl Nathaniel Hawthorne Little Annie's Ramble (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne Snow Flakes (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne Sunday at Home (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne Tanglewood Tales Nathaniel Hawthorne The Gorgon's Head Nathaniel Hawthorne The Lily's Quest (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Miraculous Pitcher Nathaniel Hawthorne The Paradise of Children Nathaniel Hawthorne The Seven Vagabonds (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Sister Years (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Three Golden Apples Nathaniel Hawthorne The Threefold Destiny (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Toll Gatherer's Day (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Village Uncle (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne The Vision of the Fountain (From "Twice Told Tales") Nathaniel Hawthorne Twice Told Tales Oscar Wilde The Happy Prince and Other Tales Robert Louis Stevenson Kidnapped Robert Louis Stevenson The Black Arrow Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island Rudyard Kipling Just So Stories Rudyard Kipling Kim Rudyard Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill Rudyard Kipling The Jungle Book Rudyard Kipling The Second Jungle Book Thornton Waldo Burgess Blacky the Crow Thornton Waldo Burgess Bowser The Hound Thornton Waldo Burgess Lightfoot the Deer Thornton Waldo Burgess Mother West Wind's Children Thornton Waldo Burgess Mother West Wind "How" Stories Thornton Waldo Burgess Mother West Wind "Where" Stories Thornton Waldo Burgess Mother West Wind “Why” Stories Thornton Waldo Burgess Mother West Wind's Animal Friends Thornton Waldo Burgess Mrs. Peter Rabbit Thornton Waldo Burgess Old Granny Fox Thornton Waldo Burgess Old Mother West Wind Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Buster Bear Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Chatterer the Red Squirrel Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Danny Meadow Mouse Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Grandfather Frog Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Old Mr. Toad Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Jerry Muskrat Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Jimmy Skunk Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Lightfoot the Deer Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Mr. Mocker Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Paddy the Beaver Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Poor Mrs. Quack Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Prickly Porky Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Reddy Fox Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Unc' Billy Possum Thornton Waldo Burgess Whitefoot the Wood Mouse Thornton Waldo Burgess Happy Jack Thornton Waldo Burgess The Adventures of Johnny Chuck Washington Irving The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 

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