1、啟動oracle的步驟
Linux下啟動oracle分為以下兩步：
- 1.1、啟動lsnrctl監聽。
- 1.2、啟動資料庫例項。
2、啟動oracle監聽
首先登陸伺服器，切換到oracle使用者。
[admin@dataserver ~]$ su - oracle
密碼：
[oracle@dataserver ~]
接下來，檢查oracle監聽器執行狀態，通過lsnrctl status命令檢視。
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:39:39
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12543: TNS:destination host unreachable
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00513: Destination host unreachable
Linux Error: 113: No route to host
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
[oracle@dataserver
上述反饋的結果即為oracle監聽沒有啟動，下面執行啟動監聽，通過命令lsnrctl start，結果如下：
[oracle@dataserver ~]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 14:51:06
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Error listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=30.85.227.24)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
Linux Error: 99: Cannot assign requested address
Listener failed to start. S
上述反饋為監聽啟動失敗，是因為其監聽的IP30.85.227.24，並非伺服器的IP，所以需要調整這個IP為伺服器當前的IP。
在oracle使用者下，進入目錄/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin，修改listener.ora檔案。注意這個目錄因具體伺服器而異。 
listener.ora檔案開啟，內容如下，調整其中的HOST IP即可。
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = ORCL)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = ORCL)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.28)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 30.85.227.23)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle調整完監聽IP後，重啟監聽器，執行lsnrctl start，
[oracle@dataserver admin]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 15-4月 -2016 15:09:15
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 5 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dataserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.28)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=30.85.227.23)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "ORCL" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ORCL", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@dataserver admin]$至此，oracle監聽器啟動成功！
3、啟動oracle例項
以system使用者身份登陸oracle
[oracle@dataserver admin]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期五 4月 15 15:23:04 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn as sysdba
Enter user-name: system
En然後啟動例項，通過startup命令：
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 4.0620E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2216024 bytes
Variable Size 2.3354E+10 bytes
Database Buffers 1.7180E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 84054016 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>8
4、關閉oracle例項
通過shutdown命令關閉oracle例項。
SQL> shutdown
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL>