本文使用的Linux發行版:CentOS6.7 下載地址:https://wiki.centos.org/Download
一、安裝Nginx
下載源:wget http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
安裝源:yum install nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm
安裝Nginx:yum install nginx
啟動Nginx服務:service nginx start
停止Nginx服務:service nginx stop
檢視Nginx執行狀態:service nginx status
檢查Nginx配置檔案:nginx -t
服務執行中重新載入配置:nginx -s reload
新增Nginx服務自啟動:chkconfig nginx on
二、修改防火牆規則
修改Nginx所在主機的防火牆配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,將nginx使用的埠新增到允許列表中。
例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT (表示允許80埠透過)
修改Tomcat所在主機的防火牆配置:vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables,將tomcat使用的埠新增到允許列表中。
例如:-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT (表示允許8080埠透過)
如果主機上有多個tomcat的話,則按此規則新增多條,修改對應的埠號即可。
儲存後重啟防火牆:service iptables restart
三、Tomcat負載均衡配置
Nginx啟動時預設載入配置檔案/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,而nginx.conf裡會引用/etc/nginx/conf.d目錄裡的所有.conf檔案。
因此可以將自己定製的一些配置寫到單獨.conf檔案裡,只要檔案放在/etc/nginx/conf.d這個目錄裡即可,方便維護。
建立tomcats.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/tomcats.conf,內容如下:
1 upstream tomcats { 2 ip_hash; 3 server 192.168.0.251:8080; 4 server 192.168.0.251:8081; 5 server 192.168.0.251:8082; 6 }
修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,修改如下:
1 #註釋原有的配置 2 #location / { 3 # root /usr/share/nginx/html; 4 # index index.html index.htm; 5 #} 6 7 #新增配置預設將請求轉發到tomcats.conf配置的upstream進行處理 8 location / { 9 proxy_set_header Host $host; 10 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 11 proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; 12 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 13 proxy_pass http://tomcats; #與tomcats.conf裡配置的upstream同名 14 }
儲存後重新載入配置:nginx -s reload
四、靜態資源分離配置
修改default.conf:vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,新增如下配置:
1 #所有js,css相關的靜態資原始檔的請求由Nginx處理 2 location ~.*\.(js|css)$ { 3 root /opt/static-resources; #指定檔案路徑 4 expires 12h; #過期時間為12小時 5 } 6 #所有圖片等多媒體相關靜態資原始檔的請求由Nginx處理 7 location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ { 8 root /opt/static-resources; #指定檔案路徑 9 expires 7d; #過期時間為7天 10 }
五、修改SELinux安全規則
如果訪問Nginx時出現502 Bad Gateway錯誤,則可能是Nginx主機上的SELinux限制了其使用http訪問許可權引起的,輸入命令setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1 開啟許可權即可。
檔案/etc/nginx/nginx.conf完整配置如下:
1 user nginx; 2 worker_processes auto; 3 4 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn; 5 pid /var/run/nginx.pid; 6 worker_rlimit_nofile 100000; 7 8 9 events { 10 use epoll; 11 multi_accept on; 12 worker_connections 1024; 13 } 14 15 16 http { 17 include /etc/nginx/mime.types; 18 default_type application/octet-stream; 19 20 #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' 21 # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' 22 # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; 23 24 #access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; 25 26 sendfile on; 27 server_tokens off; 28 #tcp_nopush on; 29 30 keepalive_timeout 65; 31 32 gzip on; 33 gzip_disable "msie6"; 34 gzip_static on; 35 gzip_proxied any; 36 gzip_min_length 1000; 37 gzip_comp_level 4; 38 gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/x-javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript; 39 40 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 41 }
檔案/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf完整配置如下:
1 server { 2 listen 80; 3 server_name localhost; 4 5 #charset koi8-r; 6 #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main; 7 8 #location / { 9 # root /usr/share/nginx/html; 10 # index index.html index.htm; 11 #} 12 13 location / { 14 proxy_set_header Host $host; 15 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 16 proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; 17 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 18 proxy_pass http://web_servers; 19 } 20 21 location ~.*\.(js|css)$ { 22 root /opt/static-resources; 23 expires 12h; 24 } 25 26 location ~.*\.(html|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|gif|ico|mp3|mid|wma|mp4|swf|flv|rar|zip|txt|doc|ppt|xls|pdf)$ { 27 root /opt/static-resources; 28 expires 7d; 29 } 30 31 #error_page 404 /404.html; 32 33 # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html 34 # 35 error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; 36 location = /50x.html { 37 root /usr/share/nginx/html; 38 } 39 40 # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 41 # 42 #location ~ \.php$ { 43 # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; 44 #} 45 46 # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 47 # 48 #location ~ \.php$ { 49 # root html; 50 # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; 51 # fastcgi_index index.php; 52 # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; 53 # include fastcgi_params; 54 #} 55 56 # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root 57 # concurs with nginx's one 58 # 59 #location ~ /\.ht { 60 # deny all; 61 #} 62 }
(溫馨提示:如果執行命令時沒有root許可權,請在命令前面加上 sudo 執行)