前言
採集應用程式奔潰資訊,主要分為以下兩種場景:
- NSException 異常
- Unix 訊號異常
一、NSException 異常
NSException 異常是 Objective-C 程式碼丟擲的異常。在 iOS 應用程式中,最常見就是通過 @throw 丟擲的異常。比如,常見的陣列越界訪問異常。
1.1 捕獲 NSException
我們可以通過 NSSetUNcaughtExceptionHandle 函式來全域性設定異常處理函式,然後手機異常堆疊資訊並觸發響應的事件($AppCrashed),來實現 NSException 異常的全埋點。
第一步:在 SensorsSDK 專案中建立 SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler 類,並增加 + sharedInstance 方法並實現
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
@interface SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler : NSObject
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance;
@end
NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_END
@implementation SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {
static SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler *instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
@end
第二步:實現 -init ,並通過 NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler 函式全域性設定異常處理函式,然後再全域性處理函式中採集異常資訊,並觸發 $AppCrashed 事件。其中,異常的堆疊資訊會放到 $app_crashed_reason 事件屬性中。
//
// SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler.m
// SensorsSDK
//
// Created by renhao on 2022/4/22.
//
#import "SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler.h"
#import "SensorsAnalyticsSDK.h"
@implementation SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {
static SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler *instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&sensorsdata_uncaught_excepting_handler);
}
return self;
}
static void sensorsdata_uncaught_excepting_handler(NSException *exception) {
// 採集 $AppCrashec 事件
[[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler sharedInstance] trackAppCrashedWithException:exception];
}
- (void)trackAppCrashedWithException:(NSException *)exception {
NSMutableDictionary *properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// 異常名稱
NSString *name = [exception name];
// 出現異常的原因
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
// 異常的堆疊資訊
NSArray *stacks = [exception callStackSymbols];
// 將異常資訊組裝
NSString *exceptionInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Exception name: %@\n Exception reason: %@\n Exception stack: %@", name, reason, stacks];
properties[@"$app_crashed_reason"] = exceptionInfo;
[[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] track:@"$AppCrashed" properties:properties];
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(NULL);
}
@end
第三步:在 SensorsAnalyticsSDK 的 - initWithServerURL: 方法中初始化 SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler 的單例物件
#import "SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler.h"
- (instancetype)initWithServerURL:(NSString *)urlString {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_automaticProperties = [self collectAutomaticProperties];
// 設定是否需是被動啟動標記
_launchedPassively = UIApplication.sharedApplication.backgroundTimeRemaining != UIApplicationBackgroundFetchIntervalNever;
_loginId = [[NSUserDefaults standardUserDefaults] objectForKey:SensorsAnalyticsLoginId];
_trackTimer = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
_enterBackgroundTrackTimerEvents = [NSMutableArray array];
_fileStroe = [[SensorsAnalyticsFileStore alloc] init];
_database = [[SensorsAnalyticsDatabase alloc] init];
_network = [[SensorsAnalyticsNetwork alloc] initWithServerURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlString]];
NSString *queueLabel = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"cn.sensorsdata.%@.%p", self.class, self];
_serialQueue = dispatch_queue_create(queueLabel.UTF8String, DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
_flushBulkSize = 100;
_flushInterval = 15;
[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler sharedInstance];
// 新增應用程式狀態監聽
[self setupListeners];
[self startFlushTimer];
}
return self;
}
第四步:測試驗證
NSArray *array = @[@"first"];
NSLog(@"%@", array[1]);
{
"propeerties" : {
"$model" : "arm64",
"$manufacturer" : "Apple",
"$app_crashed_reason" : "Exception name: NSRangeException\n Exception reason: *** -[__NSSingleObjectArrayI objectAtIndex:]: index 1 beyond bounds [0 .. 0]\n Exception stack: (\n\t0 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f25e4 __exceptionPreprocess + 236\n\t1 libobjc.A.dylib 0x000000018019813c objc_exception_throw + 56\n\t2 CoreFoundation 0x000000018043da14 -[__NSSingleObjectArrayI getObjects:range:] + 0\n\t3 Demo 0x0000000100b0bbc0 -[ViewController tableView:didSelectRowAtIndexPath:] + 696\n\t4 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f8aa0 __invoking___ + 144\n\t5 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f5fc8 -[NSInvocation invoke] + 300\n\t6 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f6288 -[NSInvocation invokeWithTarget:] + 76\n\t7 SensorsSDK libc++abi: terminating with uncaught exception of type NSException
0x0000000100ea9210 -[SensorsAnalyticsDelegateProxy forwardInvocation:] + 96\n\t8 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f6594 ___forwarding___ + 736\n\t9 CoreFoundation 0x00000001803f88ec _CF_forwarding_prep_0 + 92\n\t10 UIKitCore 0x0000000184fa79a4 -[UITableView _selectRowAtIndexPath:animated:scrollPosition:notifyDelegate:isCellMultiSelect:deselectPrevious:] + 1620\n\t11 UIKitCore 0x0000000184fa7338 -[UITableView _selectRowAtIndexPath:animated:scrollPosition:notifyDelegate:] + 112\n\t12 UIKitCore 0x0000000184fa7c20 -[UITableView _userSelectRowAtPendingSelectionIndexPath:] + 316\n\t13 UIKitCore 0x0000000185287568 -[_UIAfterCACommitBlock run] + 64\n\t14 UIKitCore 0x0000000185287a3c -[_UIAfterCACommitQueue flush] + 188\n\t15 libdispatch.dylib 0x00000001010f433c _dispatch_call_block_and_release + 24\n\t16 libdispatch.dylib 0x00000001010f5b94 _dispatch_client_callout + 16\n\t17 libdispatch.dylib 0x0000000101104650 _dispatch_main_queue_drain + 1064\n\t18 libdispatch.dylib 0x0000000101104218 _dispatch_main_queue_callback_4CF + 40\n\t19 CoreFoundation 0x0000000180360218 __CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__ + 12\n\t20 CoreFoundation 0x000000018035a69c __CFRunLoopRun + 2432\n\t21 CoreFoundation 0x0000000180359804 CFRunLoopRunSpecific + 572\n\t22 GraphicsServices 0x000000018c23660c GSEventRunModal + 160\n\t23 UIKitCore 0x0000000184d7bd2c -[UIApplication _run] + 992\n\t24 UIKitCore 0x0000000184d808c8 UIApplicationMain + 112\n\t25 Demo 0x0000000100b0c334 main + 128\n\t26 dyld 0x0000000100df5cd8 start_sim + 20\n\t27 ??? 0x0000000100b3d0f4 0x0 + 4306751732\n\t28 ??? 0xac3c800000000000 0x0 + 12410935410614599680\n)",
"$lib_version" : "1.0.0",
"$os" : "iOS",
"$app_version" : "1.0",
"$os_version" : "15.4",
"$lib" : "iOS"
},
"event" : "$AppCrashed",
"time" : 1650616086146,
"distinct_id" : "3E0DD30F-4F2F-425C-8323-FA43C149CE27"
}
1.2 傳遞 UncaughtExceptionHandler
問題描述:在應用程式實際開發過程中,可能會採集多個 SDK,如果這些 SDK 都按照上面介紹的方法採集異常資訊,總會有一些 SDK 採集不到異常資訊。這是因為通過 NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler 函式設定的是一個全域性異常處理函式,後面設定的異常處理函式會自動覆蓋前面設定的異常處理函式。
解決方法:在呼叫 NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler 函式設定全域性異常處理函式前,先通過 NSGetUncaughtExceptionHandler 函式獲取之前已設定的異常處理函式並儲存,在處理完異常資訊採集後,再主動呼叫已備份的處理函式(讓所有的異常處理函式形成鏈條),即可解決上面提到的覆蓋問題。
#import "SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler.h"
#import "SensorsAnalyticsSDK.h"
@interface SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler()
/// 儲存之前已設定的異常處理函式
@property (nonatomic) NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *previousExceptionHandler;
@end
@implementation SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler
+ (instancetype)sharedInstance {
static SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler *instance = nil;
static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
instance = [[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler alloc] init];
});
return instance;
}
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_previousExceptionHandler = NSGetUncaughtExceptionHandler();
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&sensorsdata_uncaught_excepting_handler);
}
return self;
}
static void sensorsdata_uncaught_excepting_handler(NSException *exception) {
// 採集 $AppCrashec 事件
[[SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler sharedInstance] trackAppCrashedWithException:exception];
NSUncaughtExceptionHandler *handle = [SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler sharedInstance].previousExceptionHandler;
if (handle) {
handle(exception);
}
}
- (void)trackAppCrashedWithException:(NSException *)exception {
NSMutableDictionary *properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// 異常名稱
NSString *name = [exception name];
// 出現異常的原因
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
// 異常的堆疊資訊
NSArray *stacks = [exception callStackSymbols];
// 將異常資訊組裝
NSString *exceptionInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Exception name: %@\n Exception reason: %@\n Exception stack: %@", name, reason, stacks];
properties[@"$app_crashed_reason"] = exceptionInfo;
[[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] track:@"$AppCrashed" properties:properties];
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(NULL);
}
@end
二、捕獲訊號
2.1 Mach 異常和 Unix 訊號
Mach 是 Mac OS 和 iOS 作業系統的微核心,Mach 異常就是最底層的核心級異常。在 iOS 系統中,每個 Thread、Task、Host 都有一個異常埠資料。開發者可以通過設定 Thread、Task、Host 的異常埠來捕獲 Mach 異常。Mach 異常會被轉換成相應的 Unix 訊號,並傳遞給出錯的執行緒。
2.2 捕獲 Unix 訊號異常
第一步:新增捕獲 Unix 訊號的處理函式
static NSString * const SensorsDataSignalExceptionHandlerName = @"SignalExceptionHandler";
static NSString * const SensorsDataSignalExceptionHandlerUserInfo = @"SignalExceptionHandlerUserIfo";
static void sensorsdata_signal_exception_handler(int sig, struct __siginfo *info, void *context) {
NSDictionary *userInfo = @{SensorsDataSignalExceptionHandlerUserInfo: @(sig)};
NSString *reason = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Signal %d was raised.", sig];
// 建立一個異常物件, 用於採集異常資訊
NSException *exception = [NSException exceptionWithName:SensorsDataSignalExceptionHandlerName reason:reason userInfo:userInfo];
SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler *handler = [SensorsAnalyticsExtensionHandler sharedInstance];
[handler trackAppCrashedWithException:exception];
}
第二步:在 - init 初始化方法中,註冊訊號處理函式
- (instancetype)init {
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_previousExceptionHandler = NSGetUncaughtExceptionHandler();
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(&sensorsdata_uncaught_excepting_handler);
// 定義訊號集結構體
struct sigaction sig;
// 將訊號集初始化為空
sigemptyset(&sig.sa_mask);
// 在處理函式中傳入__siginfo引數
sig.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
// 設定訊號集處理函式
sig.sa_sigaction = &sensorsdata_signal_exception_handler;
// 定義需要採集的訊號型別
int signals[] = {SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV};
for(int i = 0; i < sizeof(signals) / sizeof(int); i++){
// 註冊訊號處理
int err = sigaction(signals[i], &sig, NULL);
if (err) {
NSLog(@"Errored while trying to set up sigaction for signal %d", signals[i]);
}
}
}
return self;
}
第三步:修改 - trackAppCrashedWithException: 方法,當異常物件中沒有堆疊資訊時,就是預設獲取當前執行緒的堆疊資訊(由於 Unix 資訊異常物件是我們自己構建的,因此並沒有堆疊資訊)
- (void)trackAppCrashedWithException:(NSException *)exception {
NSMutableDictionary *properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// 異常名稱
NSString *name = [exception name];
// 出現異常的原因
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
// 異常的堆疊資訊
NSArray *stacks = [exception callStackSymbols] ?: [NSThread callStackSymbols];
// 將異常資訊組裝
NSString *exceptionInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Exception name: %@\n Exception reason: %@\n Exception stack: %@", name, reason, stacks];
properties[@"$app_crashed_reason"] = exceptionInfo;
[[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] track:@"$AppCrashed" properties:properties];
// 獲取 seasorsAnalyticsSDK 中的 serialQueue
dispatch_queue_t serialQueue = [[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] valueForKey:@"serialQueue"];
// 阻塞當前的執行緒,讓 serialQueue 執行完成
dispatch_sync(serialQueue, ^{});
// 獲取資料儲存是的執行緒
dispatch_queue_t databaseQueue = [[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] valueForKey:@"database.queue"];
// 阻塞當前執行緒,讓 $AppCrashed 事件完成入庫
dispatch_sync(databaseQueue, ^{});
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(NULL);
int signals[] = {SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(signals) / sizeof(int); i ++) {
signal(signals[i], SIG_DFL);
}
}
第四步:測試驗證
三、採集應用程式異常時的 $AppEnd 事件
通過監聽應用程式的狀態 (UIApplicationDidEnterBackgroundNotification),實現了 $AppEnd 事件的全埋點。但是,一旦應用程式發生異常,我們將採集不到 $AppEnd 事件,這樣會造成在使用者的行為序列中,出現 $AppStart 事件和 $AppEnd 事件不成對的情況。因此,在應用程式發生奔潰時,我們需要補發 $AppEnd 事件。
第一步:在 - trackAppCrashedWithException: 方法中,補發 $AppEnd 事件
- (void)trackAppCrashedWithException:(NSException *)exception {
NSMutableDictionary *properties = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
// 異常名稱
NSString *name = [exception name];
// 出現異常的原因
NSString *reason = [exception reason];
// 異常的堆疊資訊
NSArray *stacks = [exception callStackSymbols] ?: [NSThread callStackSymbols];
// 將異常資訊組裝
NSString *exceptionInfo = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Exception name: %@\n Exception reason: %@\n Exception stack: %@", name, reason, stacks];
properties[@"$app_crashed_reason"] = exceptionInfo;
[[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] track:@"$AppCrashed" properties:properties];
// 採集 $AppEnd 回撥 block
dispatch_block_t trackAppEndBlock = ^ {
// 判斷應用是否處於執行狀態
if (UIApplication.sharedApplication.applicationState == UIApplicationStateActive) {
// 觸發事件
[[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] track:@"$AppEnd" properties:nil];
}
};
// 獲取主執行緒
dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
// 判斷當前執行緒是否為主執行緒
if (strcmp(dispatch_queue_get_label(DISPATCH_CURRENT_QUEUE_LABEL), dispatch_queue_get_label(mainQueue)) == 0) {
// 如果當前執行緒是主執行緒,直接呼叫 block
trackAppEndBlock();
} else {
// 如果當前執行緒不是主執行緒,同步呼叫block
dispatch_sync(mainQueue, trackAppEndBlock);
}
// 獲取 seasorsAnalyticsSDK 中的 serialQueue
dispatch_queue_t serialQueue = [[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] valueForKey:@"serialQueue"];
// 阻塞當前的執行緒,讓 serialQueue 執行完成
dispatch_sync(serialQueue, ^{});
// 獲取資料儲存是的執行緒
dispatch_queue_t databaseQueue = [[SensorsAnalyticsSDK sharedInstance] valueForKey:@"database.queue"];
// 阻塞當前執行緒,讓 $AppCrashed 事件完成入庫
dispatch_sync(databaseQueue, ^{});
NSSetUncaughtExceptionHandler(NULL);
int signals[] = {SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(signals) / sizeof(int); i ++) {
signal(signals[i], SIG_DFL);
}
}
第二步:測試驗證