前面詳細介紹了mongodb的副本集和分片的原理，這裡就不贅述了。下面記錄Mongodb副本集＋分片叢集環境部署過程：
MongoDB Sharding Cluster，需要三種角色：
Shard Server: mongod 例項，用於儲存實際的資料塊，實際生產環境中一個shard server角色可由幾臺機器組個一個relica set承擔，防止主機單點故障
Config Server: mongod 例項，儲存了整個 Cluster Metadata，其中包括 chunk 資訊。
Route Server: mongos 例項，前端路由，客戶端由此接入，且讓整個叢集看上去像單一資料庫，前端應用可以透明使用。
機器資訊：
分別在3臺機器執行一個mongod例項（稱為mongod shard11，mongod shard12，mongod shard13）組織replica set1，作為cluster的shard1
分別在3臺機器執行一個mongod例項（稱為mongod shard21，mongod shard22，mongod shard23）組織replica set2，作為cluster的shard2
每臺機器執行一個mongod例項，作為3個config server
每臺機器執行一個mongos程式，用於客戶端連線
1）安裝mongodb (3臺機器都要操作)
下載地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1hsoVcpQ 提取密碼：6zp4
[root@slave1 src]# cd
[root@slave1 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@slave1 src]# ll mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz
[root@slave1 src]# tar -zvxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.tgz
[root@slave1 src]# mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6 mongodb
2)建立sharding資料目錄
根據本例sharding架構圖所示，在各臺sever上建立shard資料檔案目錄
slave1
[root@slave1 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave1 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave1 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave1 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard11
[root@slave1 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard21
slave2
[root@slave2 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave2 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave2 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave2 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard12
[root@slave2 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard22
slave3
[root@slave3 src]# mkdir /home/services/
[root@slave3 src]# mv mongodb /home/services/
[root@slave3 src]# cd /home/services/mongodb/
[root@slave3 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard13
[root@slave3 mongodb]# mkdir -p data/shard23
3）配置relica sets
3.1）配置shard1所用到的replica sets 1:
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard11 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard11.log --logappend --fork
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard12 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard12.log --logappend --fork
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard1 --port 27018 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard13 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard13.log --logappend --fork
檢車各個機器上的mongod程式是否正常起來了（ps -ef|grep mongod），27018埠是否正常起來了
3.2）初始化replica set 1
從3臺機器中任意找一臺，連線mongod
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo --port 27018
......
> config = {"_id" : "shard1","members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "182.48.115.236:27018"},{"_id" : 1,"host" : "182.48.115.237:27018"},{"_id" : 2,"host" : "182.48.115.238:27018"}]}
{
"_id" : "shard1",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "182.48.115.236:27018"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "182.48.115.237:27018"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "182.48.115.238:27018"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{ "ok" : 1 }
3.3）配置shard2所用到的replica sets 2:
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard21 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard21.log --logappend --fork
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard22 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard22.log --logappend --fork
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --shardsvr --replSet shard2 --port 27019 --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard23 --oplogSize 100 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/shard23.log --logappend --fork
3.4）初始化replica set 2
從3臺機器中任意找一臺，連線mongod
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo --port 27019
......
> config = {"_id" : "shard2","members" : [{"_id" : 0,"host" : "182.48.115.236:27019"},{"_id" : 1,"host" : "182.48.115.237:27019"},{"_id" : 2,"host" : "182.48.115.238:27019"}]}
{
"_id" : "shard2",
"members" : [
{
"_id" : 0,
"host" : "182.48.115.236:27019"
},
{
"_id" : 1,
"host" : "182.48.115.237:27019"
},
{
"_id" : 2,
"host" : "182.48.115.238:27019"
}
]
}
> rs.initiate(config);
{ "ok" : 1 }
4）配置三臺config server
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# mkdir -p /home/services/mongodb/data/config
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb//bin/mongod --configsvr --dbpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config --port 20000 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/config.log --logappend --fork
5）配置mongs
在三臺機器上分別執行：
slave1
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
slave2
[root@slave2 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
slave3
[root@slave3 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongos --configdb 182.48.115.236:20000,182.48.115.237:20000,182.48.115.238:20000 --port 27017 --chunkSize 5 --logpath /home/services/mongodb/data/mongos.log --logappend --fork
注意：新版版的mongodb的mongos命令裡就不識別--chunkSize引數了
6）配置分片叢集（Configuring the Shard Cluster）
從3臺機器中任意找一臺，連線mongod，並切換到admin資料庫做以下配置
6.1）連線到mongs，並切換到admin
[root@slave1 ~]# /home/services/mongodb/bin/mongo 182.48.115.236:27017/admin
......
mongos> db
admin
mongos>
6.2）加入shards分割槽
如裡shard是單臺伺服器，用"db.runCommand( { addshard : “[:]” } )"這樣的命令加入
如果shard是replica sets，用"replicaSetName/[:port][,serverhostname2[:port],…]"這樣的格式表示，例如本例執行：
mongos> db.runCommand( { addshard:"shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018",name:"s1",maxsize:20480});
{ "shardAdded" : "s1", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> db.runCommand( { addshard:"shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019",name:"s2",maxsize:20480});
{ "shardAdded" : "s2", "ok" : 1 }
注意：
可選引數
Name:用於指定每個shard的名字，不指定的話系統將自動分配
maxSize:指定各個shard可使用的最大磁碟空間，單位megabytes
6.3）Listing shards
mongos> db.runCommand( { listshards : 1 } )
{
"shards" : [
{
"_id" : "s1",
"host" : "shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018"
},
{
"_id" : "s2",
"host" : "shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019"
}
],
"ok" : 1
}
mongos>
上面命令列出了以上二個新增的shards，表示shards已經配置成功
6.4）啟用資料庫分片
命令：
db.runCommand( { enablesharding : “” } );
通過執行以上命令，可以讓資料庫跨shard，如果不執行這步，資料庫只會存放在一個shard，一旦啟用資料庫分片，資料庫中不同的collection將被存放在不同的shard上，
但一個collection仍舊存放在同一個shard上，要使單個collection也分片，還需單獨對collection作些操作
Collecton分片
要使單個collection也分片儲存，需要給collection指定一個分片key，通過以下命令操作：
db.runCommand( { shardcollection : “”,key : });
注意：
a）分片的collection系統會自動建立一個索引（也可使用者提前建立好）
b）分片的collection只能有一個在分片key上的唯一索引，其它唯一索引不被允許
本案例：
mongos> db.runCommand({enablesharding:"test2"});
{ "ok" : 1 }
mongos> db.runCommand( { shardcollection : "test2.books", key : { id : 1 } } );
{ "collectionsharded" : "test2.books", "ok" : 1 }
mongos> use test2
switched to db test2
mongos> db.stats();
{
"raw" : {
"shard1/182.48.115.236:27018,182.48.115.237:27018,182.48.115.238:27018" : {
"db" : "test2",
"collections" : 3,
"objects" : 6,
"avgObjSize" : 69.33333333333333,
"dataSize" : 416,
"storageSize" : 20480,
"numExtents" : 3,
"indexes" : 2,
"indexSize" : 16352,
"fileSize" : 67108864,
"nsSizeMB" : 16,
"extentFreeList" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalSize" : 0
},
"dataFileVersion" : {
"major" : 4,
"minor" : 22
},
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
}
},
"shard2/182.48.115.236:27019,182.48.115.237:27019,182.48.115.238:27019" : {
"db" : "test2",
"collections" : 0,
"objects" : 0,
"avgObjSize" : 0,
"dataSize" : 0,
"storageSize" : 0,
"numExtents" : 0,
"indexes" : 0,
"indexSize" : 0,
"fileSize" : 0,
"ok" : 1
}
},
"objects" : 6,
"avgObjSize" : 69,
"dataSize" : 416,
"storageSize" : 20480,
"numExtents" : 3,
"indexes" : 2,
"indexSize" : 16352,
"fileSize" : 67108864,
"extentFreeList" : {
"num" : 0,
"totalSize" : 0
},
"ok" : 1
}
mongos> db.books.stats();
{
"sharded" : true,
"paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for c ompatibility only.",
"userFlags" : 1,
"capped" : false,
"ns" : "test2.books",
"count" : 0,
"numExtents" : 1,
"size" : 0,
"storageSize" : 8192,
"totalIndexSize" : 16352,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176,
"id_1" : 8176
},
"avgObjSize" : 0,
"nindexes" : 2,
"nchunks" : 1,
"shards" : {
"s1" : {
"ns" : "test2.books",
"count" : 0,
"size" : 0,
"numExtents" : 1,
"storageSize" : 8192,
"lastExtentSize" : 8192,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard co ded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
"userFlags" : 1,
"capped" : false,
"nindexes" : 2,
"totalIndexSize" : 16352,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 8176,
"id_1" : 8176
},
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
}
}
},
"ok" : 1
}
7）測試
mongos> for (var i = 1; i <= 20000; i++) db.books.save({id:i,name:"12345678",sex:"male",age:27,value:"test"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
mongos> db.books.stats();
{
"sharded" : true,
"paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
"userFlags" : 1,
"capped" : false,
"ns" : "test2.books",
"count" : 20000,
"numExtents" : 10,
"size" : 2240000,
"storageSize" : 5586944,
"totalIndexSize" : 1250928,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 670432,
"id_1" : 580496
},
"avgObjSize" : 112,
"nindexes" : 2,
"nchunks" : 5,
"shards" : {
"s1" : {
"ns" : "test2.books",
"count" : 12300,
"size" : 1377600,
"avgObjSize" : 112,
"numExtents" : 5,
"storageSize" : 2793472,
"lastExtentSize" : 2097152,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
"userFlags" : 1,
"capped" : false,
"nindexes" : 2,
"totalIndexSize" : 760368,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 408800,
"id_1" : 351568
},
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"electionId" : ObjectId("586286596422d63aa9f9f000")
}
},
"s2" : {
"ns" : "test2.books",
"count" : 7700,
"size" : 862400,
"avgObjSize" : 112,
"numExtents" : 5,
"storageSize" : 2793472,
"lastExtentSize" : 2097152,
"paddingFactor" : 1,
"paddingFactorNote" : "paddingFactor is unused and unmaintained in 3.0. It remains hard coded to 1.0 for compatibility only.",
"userFlags" : 1,
"capped" : false,
"nindexes" : 2,
"totalIndexSize" : 490560,
"indexSizes" : {
"_id_" : 261632,
"id_1" : 228928
},
"ok" : 1,
"$gleStats" : {
"lastOpTime" : Timestamp(0, 0),
"electionId" : ObjectId("58628704f916bb05014c5ea7")
}
}
},
"ok" : 1
}