需求說明：
centos7.2系統的開發機器上已經自帶了python2.7版本，但是開發的專案中用的是python3.5版本，為了保證Centos系統的正常執行，以及節省機器資源（不想因此再申請另外一臺開發機器部署python3.5），所以需要安裝python3.5與python2.7共存的開發環境。具體操作記錄如下：
1）安裝相關包 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel 2) 編譯安裝python3.5 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# yum -y install xz [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.5.3/Python-3.5.3.tar.xz [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# tar xf Python-3.5.3.tar.xz -C /usr/local/src/ [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/Python-3.5.3 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# make && make install 從 Python 3.4 開始就已經自帶了pip和easy_install（setuptools 包帶的命令） 包管理命令，你可以在 /usr/local/python3/bin/ 目錄下看到，檢視一下已經安裝的擴充套件包： [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/ total 24080 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 27 19:40 2to3 -> 2to3-3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 109 Sep 27 19:40 2to3-3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 250 Sep 27 19:40 easy_install-3.5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 Sep 27 19:40 idle3 -> idle3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 107 Sep 27 19:40 idle3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 27 19:40 pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 Sep 27 19:40 pip3.5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 8 Sep 27 19:40 pydoc3 -> pydoc3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 92 Sep 27 19:40 pydoc3.5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Sep 27 19:40 python3 -> python3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12309757 Sep 27 19:39 python3.5 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 17 Sep 27 19:40 python3.5-config -> python3.5m-config -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12309757 Sep 27 19:39 python3.5m -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3088 Sep 27 19:40 python3.5m-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 Sep 27 19:40 python3-config -> python3.5-config lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep 27 19:40 pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.5 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 244 Sep 27 19:40 pyvenv-3.5 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 list DEPRECATION: The default format will switch to columns in the future. You can use --format=(legacy|columns) (or define a format=(legacy|columns) in your pip.conf under the [list] section) to disable this warning. pip (9.0.1) setuptools (28.8.0) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 如果要更新pip，操作如下： [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 install --upgrade pip [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 list ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3）建立軟連線 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3 4) 執行python -V檢視Python是否安裝成功。 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# python3 -V Python 3.5.3 自帶的版本為： [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# python -V Python 2.7.5 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# which python /usr/bin/python [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# which python3 /usr/bin/python3 [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# python Python 2.7.5 (default, Nov 6 2016, 00:28:07) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> [root@qd-vpc-rec-dev01 Python-3.5.3]# python3 Python 3.5.3 (default, Sep 27 2017, 19:38:56) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)] on linux Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> 也就是說，python指令表示的是2.7.5版本，python3指令表示的3.5.3版本。 開發專案裡具體使用那個版本的python，就使用對應的全路徑的python指令。