Centos7.x版本下針對Mysql的安裝和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，廢話就不多贅述了，下面介紹下在centos7.x環境裡安裝mysql5.7的幾種方法：
一、yum方式安裝
Centos7.x版本下針對Mysql的安裝和使用多少跟之前的Centos6之前版本有所不同的，廢話就不多贅述了，下面介紹下在centos7.x環境裡安裝mysql5.7的幾種方法：
一、yum方式安裝
從CentOS 7.0釋出以來，yum源中開始使用Mariadb來代替MySQL的安裝。即使你輸入的是yum install -y mysql , 顯示的也是Mariadb的安裝內容。
使用原始碼進行編譯安裝又太麻煩。因此，如果想使用yum安裝MySQL的話，就需要去下載官方指定的yum源.
yum下載網址為：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
找到Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (Architecture Independent), RPM Package，單擊後面的Download，
在新的頁面中單擊最下面的No thanks, just start my download.就可以下載到yum源了。
1）安裝MySQL YUM資源庫
[root@kevin ~]# yum localinstall https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm
2）安裝MySQL 5.7
[root@kevin ~]# yum install -y mysql-community-server
3）啟動MySQL伺服器和MySQL的自動啟動
[root@kevin ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service
[root@kevin ~]# systemctl enable mysqld.service
4）密碼問題
由於MySQL從5.7開始不允許首次安裝後使用空密碼進行登入！為了加強安全性，系統會隨機生成一個密碼以供管理員首次登入使用，
這個密碼記錄在/var/log/mysqld.log檔案中，使用下面的命令可以檢視此密碼：
[root@kevin ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log|grep 'A temporary password'
2018-01-24T02:32:20.210903Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: DOqInortw9/<
最後一行冒號後面的部分DOqInortw9/<就是初始密碼。
使用此密碼登入MySQL:
[root@kevin ~]# mysql -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.7.21
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
使用隨機生產的密碼登入到服務端後，必須馬上修改密碼，不然會報如下錯誤：
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
有兩種方法解決上面的報錯（如下的123456是修改後的密碼）：
mysql> set password=password("123456");
或者
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456';
重新整理許可權
mysql> flush privileges;
===============================================================================================
如果上面在執行set password=password("123456");命令後出現下面的報錯：
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
解決辦法：
這個與Mysql 密碼安全策略validate_password_policy的值有關，validate_password_policy可以取0、1、2三個值：
0 or LOW Length
1 or MEDIUM Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary
預設的數值是1，符合長度，且必須含有數字，小寫或大寫字母，特殊字元。
所以剛開始設定的密碼必須符合長度，且必須含有數字，小寫或大寫字母，特殊字元。
有時候，只是為了自己測試，不想密碼設定得那麼複雜，譬如說，我只想設定root的密碼為123456。
必須修改兩個全域性引數：
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
修改上面兩個引數後，就可以解決這個報錯了。
=======================================================================================================
注意一點：
mysql5.7之後的資料庫裡mysql.user表裡已經沒有password這個欄位了，password欄位改成了authentication_string。
所以修改密碼的命令如下：
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('kevin@123') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
=======================================================================================================
檢視mysql版本
mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.21 |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
=======================================================================================================
修改mysql5.7的編碼由latin1為utf8
預設編碼：
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----------------------+-------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-------------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |
| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |
+----------------------+-------------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
調整操作：
[root@kevin ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
character-set-server=utf8 //注意這個不能寫成default-character-set=utf8，否則會導致5.7版本mysql無法開啟
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[root@kevin~]# systemctl restart mysqld.service
[root@kevin~]# mysql -p
......
mysql> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%";
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
二、RPM包方式安裝
1）解除安裝系統自帶的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2）下載mysql5.7.21 rpm安裝包
下載地址：http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/
[root@kevin ~]# wget http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@kevin ~]# tar -vxf mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
[root@kevin ~]# ll
總用量 1160052
-rw-------. 1 root root 2090 1月 24 02:35 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 593940480 12月 28 21:03 mysql-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 25107316 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 278844 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 3779988 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-devel-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 46256768 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 24078148 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 128571868 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 2238596 12月 28 20:53 mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 2115904 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 55662616 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 171890056 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 15289580 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 118654584 12月 28 20:54 mysql-community-test-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
依次執行（幾個包有依賴關係，所以執行有先後）下面命令安裝
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
=============================================================================================================
可能在安裝mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm的時候會有如下報錯：
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm --force
warning: mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
libaio.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.1)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
libaio.so.1(LIBAIO_0.4)(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
net-tools is needed by mysql-community-server-5.7.21-1.el7.x86_64
這個報錯的意思是需要安裝libaio包和net-tools包：
安裝libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@kevin ~]# wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/6/os/x86_64/Packages/libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@kevin ~]# rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm --force
安裝net-tools
[root@kevin ~]# yum install net-tools
=============================================================================================================
使用rpm安裝方式安裝mysql，安裝的路徑如下：
資料庫目錄
/var/lib/mysql/
配置檔案
/usr/share/mysql(mysql.server命令及配置檔案)
/etc/my.cnf
相關命令
/usr/bin(mysqladmin mysqldump等命令)
啟動指令碼
/etc/rc.d/init.d/(啟動指令碼檔案mysql的目錄)
3）資料庫初始化
為了保證資料庫目錄為與檔案的所有者為 mysql 登陸使用者，如果你是以 root 身份執行 mysql 服務，需要執行下面的命令初始化
[root@kevin ~]# mysql_install_db --datadir=/var/lib/mysql //必須指定datadir,執行後會生成~/.mysql_secret密碼檔案
[root@kevin ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql //新版的推薦此方法，執行生會在/var/log/mysqld.log生成隨機密碼。如果是以mysql身份執行，則可以去掉--user選項。
4）更改mysql資料庫目錄的所屬使用者及其所屬組，然後啟動mysql資料庫
[root@kevin ~]# chown mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql -R
[root@kevin ~]# systemctl start mysqld.service //啟動mysql資料庫服務
5）根據第3步中的密碼登入到mysql，更改root使用者的密碼，新版的mysql在第一次登入後更改密碼前是不能執行任何命令的
另外--initialize 選項預設以“安全”模式來初始化，則會為 root 使用者生成一個密碼並將該密碼標記為過期，登陸後你需要設定一個新的密碼，
而使用--initialize-insecure命令則不使用安全模式，則不會為 root 使用者生成一個密碼。
這裡演示使用的--initialize初始化的，會生成一個 root 賬戶密碼，密碼在log檔案裡，如下最後的")1r3gi,hjgQa"即為隨即生成的root密碼
[root@kevin ~]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
.......
07T04:41:58.420558Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )1r3gi,hjgQa
[root@kevin ~]# mysql -uroot -p')1r3gi,hjgQa'
mysql> set password=password('kevin@123');
mysql> flush privileges
三、編譯方式安裝
1）解除安裝系統自帶的 mysql和mariadb-lib
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mysql|xargs) --nodeps
[root@kevin ~]# /bin/rpm -e $(/bin/rpm -qa | grep mariadb|xargs) --nodeps
2）安裝編譯程式碼需要的包
/usr/bin/yum -y install make gcc-c++ cmake bison-devel ncurses-devel
[root@kevin ~]#
3）安裝boost
[root@kevin ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin ~]# cd /usr/local/boost
[root@kevin boost]# wget http://www.sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
[root@kevin boost]# tar -zvxf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
4）編譯安裝mysql5.7.21
[root@kevin ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
[root@kevin ~]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin
[root@kevin ~]# cd /usr/local/src
[root@kevin src]# wget -c http://ftp.ntu.edu.tw/MySQL/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]# /bin/tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21.tar.gz
[root@kevin src]# cd mysql-5.7.21/
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /usr/bin/cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
-DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DWITH_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# make && make install
5）修改/data/mysql許可權
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /bin/chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/data
6）執行初始化配置指令碼，建立系統自帶的資料庫和表
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# /data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql
7）配置my.cnf
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# cat /data/mysql/my.cnf
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock
basedir = /data/mysql/
datadir = /data/mysql/data
pid-file = /data/mysql/data/mysql.pid
user = mysql
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
server-id = 1
sync_binlog=1
log_bin = mysql-bin
skip-name-resolve
#skip-networking
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 3000
##open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 512
max_allowed_packet = 16M
binlog_cache_size = 16M
max_heap_table_size = 16M
tmp_table_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1024M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1024M
sort_buffer_size = 1024M
join_buffer_size = 1024M
key_buffer_size = 8192M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 1024M
ft_min_word_len = 4
binlog_format = mixed
expire_logs_days = 30
log_error = /data/mysql/data/mysql-error.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 1
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/data/mysql-slow.log
performance_schema = 0
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp
##lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-external-locking
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
##default-storage-engine = MyISAM
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_open_files = 500
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 40960M
innodb_write_io_threads = 1000
innodb_read_io_threads = 1000
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_purge_threads = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M
innodb_log_file_size = 32M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G
#myisam_repair_threads = 1
interactive_timeout = 28800
wait_timeout = 28800
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M
[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
read_buffer = 4M
write_buffer = 4M
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
port = 3306
8) 啟動mysql服務
[root@kevin mysql-5.7.21]# cd /data/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/mkdir var
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/chown -R mysql.mysql var
[root@kevin mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# /sbin/chkconfig mysql on
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql start
9) 設定環境變數
[root@kevin mysql]# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/data/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@kevin mysql]# source /etc/profile
10）設定mysql登陸密碼,初始密碼為nextcloud@123
[root@kevin mysql]# /bin/mkdir -p /var/lib/mysql
[root@kevin mysql]# ln -s /data/mysql/var/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
11）修改密碼
由於MySQL從5.7開始不允許首次安裝後預設使用空密碼進行登入！並且mysql5.7之後的資料庫裡mysql.user表裡已經沒有password這個欄位了，
password欄位改成了authentication_string。
所以修改密碼的命令如下：
[root@kevin mysql]# vim /data/mysql/my.cnf
......
[mysqld]
......
skip-grant-tables //先設定無密碼登陸
[root@kevin mysql]# service mysql restart
[root@kevin mysql]# mysql -p
mysql> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('kevin@123') where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
然後再將/data/mysql/my.cnf配置檔案中的"skip-grant-tables"去掉，重啟mysql服務，就可以使用上面重置後的新密碼kevin@123登陸了！
===================================================================================================
溫馨提示:
如果是mysql5.7.23版本, 則就不能使用mysql_install_db進行初始化了, 需要使用mysqld --initialize!
[root@lamp-new mysql-5.7.23]# /data/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql 2018-11-22 14:16:02 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2018-11-22 14:16:18 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2018-11-22 14:16:18 [WARNING] 2018-11-22T06:16:02.633498Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead 2018-11-22T06:16:02.645463Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: max_open_files: 1024 (requested 5000) 2018-11-22T06:16:02.645476Z 0 [Warning] Changed limits: table_open_cache: 431 (requested 2000) 可以看到mysql_install_db is deprecated，說不贊同使用mysql_install_db，推薦使用的方法是： Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize ，Please consider using --initialize instead 所以正確的初始方式是使用mysqld --initialize, 而不是之前的mysql_install_db, mysql5.7新特性!!!!! [root@lamp-new mysql]# /data/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/data/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/data --user=mysql --initialize 2018-11-22T06:25:33.481308Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). 2018-11-22T06:25:34.192747Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2018-11-22T06:25:34.473292Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2018-11-22T06:25:34.664979Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 6b50ba05-ee1f-11e8-afc3-005056880f83. 2018-11-22T06:25:34.689381Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2018-11-22T06:25:34.690649Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: JR6wA4ezp3&M 注意上面: MySQL 5.7初始化完後會生成一個臨時的密碼，A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: )vyd3aXj8hhC 如果想初始化表空間， 在後面加上 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:1G:autoextend即可。
四、yum安裝MariaDB
[root@kevin ~]# yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server [root@kevin ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@kevin ~]# systemctl enable mariadb 接下來進行MariaDB的相關簡單配置，設定密碼，會提示先輸入密碼 [root@kevin ~]# mysql_secure_installation 首先是設定密碼，會提示先輸入密碼 Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次執行直接回車 設定密碼 Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否設定root使用者密碼，輸入y並回車或直接回車 New password: <– 設定root使用者的密碼 Re-enter new password: <– 再輸入一次你設定的密碼 其他配置 Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否刪除匿名使用者，回車 Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root遠端登入,回車, Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否刪除test資料庫，回車 Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新載入許可權表，回車 [root@kevin ~]# mysql -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> 接下來配置MariaDB的字符集: -> 首先是配置檔案/etc/my.cnf，在[mysqld]標籤下新增 init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_unicode_ci' init_connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server=utf8 collation-server=utf8_unicode_ci skip-character-set-client-handshake -> 接著配置檔案/etc/my.cnf.d/client.cnf，在[client]中新增 default-character-set=utf8 -> 然後配置檔案/etc/my.cnf.d/mysql-clients.cnf，在[mysql]中新增 default-character-set=utf8 最後是重啟MariaDB，並登陸MariaDB檢視字符集 [root@test-vm001 my.cnf.d]# systemctl restart mariadb [root@kevin ~]# mysql -p123456 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 4 Server version: 5.5.56-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> show variables like "%character%";show variables like "%collation%"; +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) +----------------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+-----------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_database | utf8_unicode_ci | | collation_server | utf8_unicode_ci | +----------------------+-----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> 為Confluence建立對應的資料庫、使用者名稱和密碼 MariaDB [(none)]> create database confluence default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on confluence.* to 'confluence'@'%' identified by 'confluencepasswd'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)