MongoDB複製集是一個帶有故障轉移的主從叢集。是從現有的主從模式演變而來,增加了自動故障轉移和節點成員自動恢復。MongoDB複製集模式中沒有固定的主結點,在啟動後,多個服務節點間將自動選舉產生一個主結點。該主結點被稱為primary,一個或多個從結點被稱為secondaries。primary結點基本上就是master結點,不同之處在於primary結點在不同時間可能是不同的伺服器。如果當前的主結點失效了,複製集中的其餘結點將會試圖選出一個新的主結點。
MongoDB複製集模式的好處:
- 一切自動化。首先,複製集模式本身做了大量的管理工作,自動管理從節點,確保資料不會不一致。
- 主節點掛掉後,會自動判斷叢集中的伺服器並進行故障轉移,推舉新的主節點。
- 一個複製集叢集支援1-7臺伺服器,在一個複製集中各個伺服器資料保持完全一致。
在一個MongoDB複製集叢集中,各個伺服器有以下幾種狀態:
- Primary 主節點,一個複製集有且僅有一臺伺服器處於Primary狀態,只有主節點才對外提供讀寫服務。如果主節點掛掉,複製集將投票選出一個備節點成為新的主節點。
- Secondary 備用節點,複製集允許有多臺Secondary,每個備用節點的資料與主節點的資料是完全同步的。Recovering 恢復中,當複製集中某臺伺服器掛掉或者掉線後資料無法同步,重新恢復服務後從其他成員複製資料,這時就處於恢復過程,資料同步後,該節點又回到備用狀態。
- Arbiter 仲裁節點,該類節點可以不用單獨存在,如果配置為仲裁節點,就主要負責在複本集中監控其他節點狀態,投票選出主節點。該節點將不會用於存放資料。如果沒有仲裁節點,那麼投票工作將由所有節點共同進行。
- Down 無效節點,當伺服器掛掉或掉線時就會處於該狀態。複製集的從節點讀請求,也是在各個Driver層設定slaveOk的值來實現的。
如上介紹所知,mongodb中的複製可以在多臺伺服器中同步資料。複製提供了冗餘和增加了資料的高可用性,防止單個節點易丟失資料的可能性,也可以用來進行讀寫分離提高客戶端操作效能。複製集中各節點的mongodb例項有相同的資料集副本。主節點可以接收客戶端所有寫操作記錄到日誌中,從庫複製主庫的操作日誌記錄應用到其資料庫中。一個客戶端只能有一個主節點,如果主節點不可用(10秒內無法連線),複製集中將選一個成員節點作為主節點。
MongoDB主備+仲裁的基本結構如下:
主節點(Primary)
在複製集中,主節點是唯一能夠接收寫請求的節點。MongoDB在主節點進行寫操作,並將這些操作記錄到主節點的oplog中。而從節點將會從oplog複製到其本機,並將這些操作應用到自己的資料集上。(複製集最多隻能擁有一個主節點)
從節點(Secondaries)
從節點通過應用主節點傳來的資料變動操作來保持其資料集與主節點一致。從節點也可以通過增加額外引數配置來對應特殊需求。例如,從節點可以是non-voting或是priority 0.
仲裁節點(ARBITER)
仲裁節點即投票節點,其本身並不包含資料集,且也無法晉升為主節點。但是,旦當前的主節點不可用時,投票節點就會參與到新的主節點選舉的投票中。仲裁節點使用最小的資源並且不要求硬體裝置。投票節點的存在使得複製集可以以偶數個節點存在,而無需為複製集再新增節點 不要將投票節點執行在複製集的主節點或從節點機器上。 投票節點與其他 複製集節點的交流僅有:選舉過程中的投票,心跳檢測和配置資料。這些互動都是不加密的。
心跳檢測
複製整合員每兩秒向複製集中其他成員進行心跳檢測。如果某個節點在10秒內沒有返回,那麼它將被標記為不可用。
MongoDB副本集是有故障恢復功能的主從叢集,由一個primary節點和一個或多個secondary節點組成:
節點同步過程: Primary節點寫入資料,Secondary通過讀取Primary的oplog得到複製資訊,開始複製資料並且將複製資訊寫入到自己的oplog。如果某個操作失敗,則備份節點停止從當前資料來源複製資料。如果某個備份節點由於某些原因掛掉了,當重新啟動後,就會自動從oplog的最後一個操作開始同步,同步完成後,將資訊寫入自己的oplog,由於複製操作是先複製資料,複製完成後再寫入oplog,有可能相同的操作會同步兩份,不過MongoDB在設計之初就考慮到這個問題,將oplog的同一個操作執行多次,與執行一次的效果是一樣的。
通俗理解:當Primary節點完成資料操作後,Secondary會做出一系列的動作保證資料的同步:
- 檢查自己local庫的oplog.rs集合,找出最近的時間戳。
- 檢查Primary節點local庫oplog.rs集合,找出大於此時間戳的記錄。
- 將找到的記錄插入到自己的oplog.rs集合中,並執行這些操作。
副本集的同步和主從同步一樣,都是非同步同步的過程,不同的是副本集有個自動故障轉移的功能。其原理是:slave端從primary端獲取日誌,然後在自己身上完全順序的執行日誌所記錄的各種操作(該日誌是不記錄查詢操作的),這個日誌就是local資料 庫中的oplog.rs表,預設在64位機器上這個表是比較大的,佔磁碟大小的5%,oplog.rs的大小可以在啟動引數中設 定:–oplogSize 1000,單位是M。
注意:在副本集的環境中,要是所有的Secondary都當機了,只剩下Primary。最後Primary會變成Secondary,不能提供服務。
下面簡單介紹下MongoDB 副本集的部署過程:
1)伺服器資訊 sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn 172.16.51.216 Primary sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn 172.16.51.217 Secondary sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn 172.16.51.218 Arbiter 三臺伺服器均設定好主機名,關閉iptables及selinux(略) 2)在3臺伺服器檔案hosts檔案中都新增以下3行: [root@sign-mongo01 ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 172.16.51.216 sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn 172.16.51.217 sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn 172.16.51.218 sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn 3)安裝部署mongodb(三臺機器都安裝) 下載地址:https://www.mongodb.org/dl/linux/x86_64-rhel62 [app@sign-mongo01 software]$ pwd /data/software [app@sign-mongo01 software]$ ls mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-v3.2-latest.tgz [app@sign-mongo01 software]$ tar -zvxf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-v3.2-latest.tgz [app@sign-mongo01 software]$ mv mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c /data/mongodb [app@sign-mongo01 software]$ cd /data/mongodb/ [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ mkdir data [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ mkdir log [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ vim mongodb.conf pidfilepath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.pid logpath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log dbpath=/data/mongodb logappend=true bind_ip=172.16.51.216 port=27017 fork=true replSet=rs0 備節點的mongodb.conf配置檔案分別為: [app@sign-mongo02 mongodb]$ vim mongodb.conf pidfilepath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.pid logpath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log dbpath=/data/mongodb logappend=true bind_ip=172.16.51.217 port=27018 fork=true replSet=rs0 其中:replSet=rs0 #表示複製集名稱:rs0 啟動主備伺服器的mongodb [app@sign-mongo01 ~]$ /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 7317 child process started successfully, parent exiting [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ ps -ef|grep mongodb app 7317 1 0 21:38 ? 00:00:00 /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf app 7342 7254 0 21:38 pts/1 00:00:00 grep mongodb [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ lsof -i:27017 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mongod 7317 app 6u IPv4 27011 0t0 TCP sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017 (LISTEN) [app@sign-mongo02 mongodb]$ /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 9725 child process started successfully, parent exiting [app@sign-mongo02 mongodb]$ lsof -i:27018 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mongod 9725 app 6u IPv4 27191 0t0 TCP sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018 (LISTEN) 設定mongodb的環變數 [root@sign-mongo01 src]# vim /etc/profile ...... export PATH=$PATH:/data/mongodb/bin [root@sign-mongo01 src]# source /etc/profile 登入到mongodb中: [app@sign-mongo01 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.216:27017 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.216:27017/test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:38:18.063+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > 初始化複製集:(集合為:"rs0" ;第一個成員為:"sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017" > rs.initiate({_id: "rs0",members: [{ _id: 0 , host: "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017" }]}) { "ok" : 1 } rs0:OTHER> //接著回車,顯示這個節點為Primary主節點 rs0:PRIMARY> 接著新增另1個成員: rs0:PRIMARY> rs.add("sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018") { "ok" : 1 } 檢視成員資訊 (或者使用 db.isMaster() ) rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:55:28.446Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 1031, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511358895, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:55Z"), "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1511358843, 2), "electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:03Z"), "configVersion" : 2, "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 32, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511358895, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:55Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:55:27.684Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:55:27.827Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "configVersion" : 2 } ], "ok" : 1 } 或者使用該方法檢視,結果也是一樣: rs0:PRIMARY> use admin switched to db admin rs0:PRIMARY> db.runCommand( { replSetGetStatus : 1 } ) { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:12:20.701Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(1), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 41643, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511358895, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:55Z"), "electionTime" : Timestamp(1511358843, 2), "electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:03Z"), "configVersion" : 2, "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 40645, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511358895, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-22T13:54:55Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:12:19.418Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:12:16.225Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "configVersion" : 2 } ], "ok" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> 詳細說明如下: "_id" : #叢集中節點編號 "name" : #成員伺服器名稱及埠 "health" : #表示成員中的健康狀態(0:down;1:up) "state" : #為0~10,表示成員的當前狀態 "stateStr" : #描述該成員是主庫(PRIMARY)還是備庫(SECONDARY) "uptime" : #該成員線上時間(秒) "optime" : #成員最後一次應用日誌(oplog)的資訊 "optimeDate" : #成員最後一次應用日誌(oplog)的時間 "electionTime" : #當前primary從操作日誌中選舉資訊 "electionDate" : #當前primary被選定為primary的日期 "configVersion" : #mongodb版本 "self" : #為true 表示當前節點 4)測試操作。在主庫中,可以任意操作: rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs local 0.000GB rs0:PRIMARY> use mydb //切換到要建立的資料庫 switched to db mydb rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs //use只是轉到相關資料庫,此時並沒有做任何操作,所以並不會建立相應的資料庫,只有當真正的操作了一次資料庫就會自動建立。 local 0.000GB rs0:PRIMARY> db.stats(); { "db" : "mydb", "collections" : 0, "objects" : 0, "avgObjSize" : 0, "dataSize" : 0, "storageSize" : 0, "numExtents" : 0, "indexes" : 0, "indexSize" : 0, "fileSize" : 0, "ok" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> db.coll.insert({"id":1}) WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 }) rs0:PRIMARY> db.coll.find() { "_id" : ObjectId("5a162222991b83743942d169"), "id" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> db.coll.remove({"id":1}) WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 }) rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs local 0.000GB mydb 0.000GB 現在到備庫中 172.16.51.217 (sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn ) 檢視分庫資料庫目錄,發現多了資料庫,資料庫與主庫(172.16.51.216)一致!是主庫同步過來的。 [app@sign-mongo02 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.217:27018 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.217:27018/test Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-22T21:46:38.417+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 在副本伺服器中登入其本地資料庫,發現可以連線,但是無法讀寫操作: rs0:SECONDARY> show dbs 2017-11-23T09:25:35.961+0800 E QUERY [thread1] Error: listDatabases failed:{ "ok" : 0, "errmsg" : "not master and slaveOk=false", "code" : 13435 } : _getErrorWithCode@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:25:13 Mongo.prototype.getDBs@src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:62:1 shellHelper.show@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:781:19 shellHelper@src/mongo/shell/utils.js:671:15 @(shellhelp2):1:1 rs0:SECONDARY> 從庫開啟讀操作(此時可以測試主庫插入,從庫檢視,同步正常): rs0:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk(); rs0:SECONDARY> show dbs local 0.000GB mydb 0.000GB 5)現在模擬主庫不可用,將主節點服務停止: [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ pkill -9 mongod [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ ps -ef|grep mongodb app 9524 9398 0 09:32 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mongodb 到備節點172.16.51.217 中登入mongodb,檢視複製集狀態: [app@sign-mongo02 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.217:27018 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.217:27018/test Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-22T21:46:38.417+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] rs0:SECONDARY> rs.status() { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:33:29.688Z"), "myState" : 2, "term" : NumberLong(1), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 0, "state" : 8, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", "uptime" : 0, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:33:28.732Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:32:28.099Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Connection refused", "configVersion" : -1 }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 42412, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511399985, 1), "t" : NumberLong(1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:19:45Z"), "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "configVersion" : 2, "self" : true } ], "ok" : 1 } 有上面可看出,主節點刪除服務程式,primary並沒有切換到備節點上: 再次啟動主節點的mongodb服務,發現primary才自動切換回到主節點: [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ nohup /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf nohup: ignoring input and appending output to `nohup.out' [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ ps -ef|grep mongodb app 9538 1 8 09:37 ? 00:00:00 /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf app 9610 9398 0 09:37 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mongodb [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ mongo 172.16.51.216:27017 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.216:27017/test Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:38:19.631Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(2), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 54, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511401058, 2), "t" : NumberLong(2) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:37:38Z"), "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1511401058, 1), "electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:37:38Z"), "configVersion" : 2, "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 53, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511401058, 2), "t" : NumberLong(2) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:37:38Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:38:18.072Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:38:18.596Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "syncingTo" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "configVersion" : 2 } ], "ok" : 1 } +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 現在開始部署仲裁節點sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ mkdir /data/mongodb/arbiter [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ ll -d /data/mongodb/arbiter drwxrwxr-x 2 app app 4096 Nov 23 09:39 /data/mongodb/arbiter 本案例是在普通使用者app賬號下部署的,許可權都是app.app。 如果是在root賬號下部署,那麼需要將mongodb資料目錄下的檔案全部設定mongodb.mongodb許可權 mongodb.conf配置: [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ vim /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf pidfilepath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.pid logpath=/data/mongodb/log/mongod.log dbpath=/data/mongodb/arbiter logappend=false bind_ip=172.16.51.218 port=27019 fork=true replSet=rs0 接著重啟服務: [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections. forked process: 9217 child process started successfully, parent exiting [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ ps -ef|grep mongo app 9217 1 1 09:46 ? 00:00:00 /data/mongodb/bin/mongod --config /data/mongodb/mongodb.conf app 9242 9158 0 09:46 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mongo [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ lsof -i:27019 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mongod 9217 app 6u IPv4 37321 0t0 TCP sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019 (LISTEN) 然後在Paimary主節點sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn的mongodb中新增仲裁節點並檢視結果 [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ mongo 172.16.51.216:27017 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.216:27017/test Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:37:26.467+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] rs0:PRIMARY> rs.addArb("sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019") { "ok" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> db.isMaster() { "hosts" : [ "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018" ], "arbiters" : [ "sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019" ], "setName" : "rs0", "setVersion" : 4, "ismaster" : true, "secondary" : false, "primary" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "me" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "electionId" : ObjectId("7fffffff0000000000000003"), "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "maxMessageSizeBytes" : 48000000, "maxWriteBatchSize" : 1000, "localTime" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:59:03.554Z"), "maxWireVersion" : 4, "minWireVersion" : 0, "ok" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:26.312Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(3), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 368, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511402420, 1), "t" : NumberLong(3) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:20Z"), "electionTime" : Timestamp(1511402069, 1), "electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T01:54:29Z"), "configVersion" : 5, "self" : true }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 2, "stateStr" : "SECONDARY", "uptime" : 367, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511402420, 1), "t" : NumberLong(3) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:20Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:26.306Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:26.309Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "syncingTo" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "configVersion" : 5 }, { "_id" : 3, "name" : "sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019", "health" : 1, "state" : 7, "stateStr" : "ARBITER", "uptime" : 93, "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:26.306Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:00:25.306Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "configVersion" : 5 } ], "ok" : 1 } 至此,新增完成!! 再次測試主備切換。關閉172.16.51.216(primary)中刪除服務程式: [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ pkill -9 mongod [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ ps -ef|grep mongod app 9664 9398 0 09:50 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mongod [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ lsof -i:27017 [app@sign-mongo01 mongodb]$ 然後到172.16.51.217:27018(secondary)檢視,發現primary已經切換為172.16.51.217 [app@sign-mongo02 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.217:27018 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.217:27018/test Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-22T21:46:38.417+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-22T21:46:38.418+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] rs0:PRIMARY> rs.status() { "set" : "rs0", "date" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:17.762Z"), "myState" : 1, "term" : NumberLong(4), "heartbeatIntervalMillis" : NumberLong(2000), "members" : [ { "_id" : 0, "name" : "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "health" : 0, "state" : 8, "stateStr" : "(not reachable/healthy)", "uptime" : 0, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(0, 0), "t" : NumberLong(-1) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("1970-01-01T00:00:00Z"), "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:17.316Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:04.327Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "lastHeartbeatMessage" : "Connection refused", "configVersion" : -1 }, { "_id" : 1, "name" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "health" : 1, "state" : 1, "stateStr" : "PRIMARY", "uptime" : 44080, "optime" : { "ts" : Timestamp(1511402475, 2), "t" : NumberLong(4) }, "optimeDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:15Z"), "infoMessage" : "could not find member to sync from", "electionTime" : Timestamp(1511402475, 1), "electionDate" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:15Z"), "configVersion" : 5, "self" : true }, { "_id" : 3, "name" : "sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019", "health" : 1, "state" : 7, "stateStr" : "ARBITER", "uptime" : 145, "lastHeartbeat" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:17.315Z"), "lastHeartbeatRecv" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:01:15.316Z"), "pingMs" : NumberLong(0), "configVersion" : 5 } ], "ok" : 1 } rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs local 0.000GB mydb 0.000GB 有上面資訊可知,新增仲裁節點後,primary能正常啟動切換了!~ 現在看看arbiter,連線到172.16.51.218:27019 [app@sign-mongo03 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.218:27019 MongoDB shell version: 3.2.17-34-g4c1bae566c connecting to: 172.16.51.218:27019/test Welcome to the MongoDB shell. For interactive help, type "help". For more comprehensive documentation, see http://docs.mongodb.org/ Questions? Try the support group http://groups.google.com/group/mongodb-user Server has startup warnings: 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2017-11-23T09:58:34.978+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] rs0:ARBITER> rs.slaveOk(); rs0:ARBITER> db.isMaster() { "hosts" : [ "sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn:27017", "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018" ], "arbiters" : [ "sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019" ], "setName" : "rs0", "setVersion" : 5, "ismaster" : false, "secondary" : false, "primary" : "sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn:27018", "arbiterOnly" : true, "me" : "sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019", "maxBsonObjectSize" : 16777216, "maxMessageSizeBytes" : 48000000, "maxWriteBatchSize" : 1000, "localTime" : ISODate("2017-11-23T02:03:33.874Z"), "maxWireVersion" : 4, "minWireVersion" : 0, "ok" : 1 } rs0:ARBITER> show dbs local 0.000GB arbiter 最為仲裁者,沒有資料副本儲存在本地,能讀取複製集的資訊。 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 在primary主庫上,建立locs資料庫,該庫的使用者名稱為locsopr,密碼為locsopr@123 [app@sign-mongo02 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.217:27018 ...... rs0:PRIMARY> use locs switched to db locs rs0:PRIMARY> db.createUser({user:"locsopr",pwd :"locsopr@123",roles:["readWrite"]}) Successfully added user: { "user" : "locsopr", "roles" : [ "readWrite" ] } rs0:PRIMARY> show users; //檢視當前庫下的使用者名稱 { "_id" : "locs.locsopr", "user" : "locsopr", "db" : "locs", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "locs" } ] } 使用上面的使用者登入primary主庫 [app@sign-mongo02 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.217:27018/locs -ulocsopr -plocsopr@123 ......... rs0:PRIMARY> show users { "_id" : "locs.locsopr", "user" : "locsopr", "db" : "locs", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "locs" } ] } rs0:PRIMARY> show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB rs0:PRIMARY> 再登入從庫看下: [app@sign-mongo01 ~]$ mongo 172.16.51.216:27017/locs -ulocsopr -plocsopr@123 ....... rs0:SECONDARY> rs.slaveOk(); rs0:SECONDARY> show users { "_id" : "locs.locsopr", "user" : "locsopr", "db" : "locs", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "locs" } ] } rs0:SECONDARY> show dbs admin 0.000GB local 0.000GB
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上面介紹的是三臺mongodb節點:一主一備一仲裁,這樣,主節點掛了後,通過仲裁機制將primary自動切換到備機上!
如果上面的三臺mongodb節點:一主兩備,沒有仲裁節點,那麼主節點掛了後,primary會自動切換到其餘兩臺備節點中的一臺上!
一主兩從(埠分別為27017、27018、27019)的mongodb配置和上面一主一從(埠分別為27017、27018)的配置一樣。 多加的一個從節點,在主節點登陸mongodb,使用rs.add命令將這個成員加到叢集中即可! 一主兩從的模式,比如: 主節點sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn的mongodb服務程式掛了後,另外兩個從節點中的一個(比如sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn)會自動變成primary主節點, 另一個節點sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn則是新的主節點(sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn)的從節點。 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++如果想讓切換回原來的主節點,做法如下+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1)恢復原來的主節點sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn的mongodb服務,使用命令rs.status() 確認資料整合員執行正常。 2)到次節點sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn中登入mongodb,執行freeze使其120內不會變為主節點。 > rs.freeze(120) 3) 到新的主節點sign-mongo02.wangshibo.cn中強制切換主節點,stepDown將阻止長事務和寫入操作 > rs.stepDown(120) 4)此時sign-mongo01.wangshibo.cn節點變成primary主節點。使用rs.status()命令可以檢視到叢集狀態。 +++++++++++++++++++++++若要使某個節點永遠不會變為主節點,設定優先順序為0即可+++++++++++++++++++++++ 登陸當前主節點的mongodb,執行下面操作: rs0:PRIMARY> cfg = rs.conf() rs0:PRIMARY> cfg.members[0].priority = 0.5 rs0:PRIMARY> cfg.members[1].priority = 0.5 rs0:PRIMARY> cfg.members[2].priority = 0 rs0:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg) 說明: 其中成員編號0/1/2為 rs.status()中的 "_id"值 members[2]表示sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn,則它將永遠不會變成主節點!因為優先順序設定為0了! ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++移除一個複製成員(兩種方法)++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 登陸當前主節點的mongodb,執行下面操作: rs0:PRIMARY> rs.remove("sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn:27019") rs0:PRIMARY> rs.conf() 或者: rs0:PRIMARY> cfg = rs.conf() rs0:PRIMARY> cfg.members.splice(2,1) rs0:PRIMARY> rs.reconfig(cfg) 移除後到移除的節點伺服器(即sign-mongo03.wangshibo.cn),更改配置檔案mongod.conf #replSet=rs0 //將這一行註釋 然後再重啟mongodb服務,這就完成了移除(資料庫檔案仍保留在當前伺服器)。