rpm命令是RPM軟體包的管理工具。
RPM有多種基本的模式：它們是安裝、查詢、驗證、刪除等。
安裝模式：rpm –i
查詢模式：rpm -q
驗證模式：rpm –V或 -verify
刪除模式：rpm –e
1.安裝一個包
rpm -ivh2.升級一個包
rpm -Uvh3.移走一個包
rpm -e4.安裝引數
--force 即使覆蓋屬於其它包的檔案也強迫安裝
--nodeps 如果該RPM包的安裝依賴其它包，即使其它包沒裝，也強迫安裝。
rpm -ivh *.rpm --nodeps --force5.查詢一個包是否被安裝
rpm -q < rpm package name>6.得到被安裝的包的資訊
rpm -qi < rpm package name>7.列出該包中有哪些檔案
rpm -ql < rpm package name>8.列出伺服器上的一個檔案屬於哪一個RPM包
rpm -qf9.可綜合好幾個引數一起用
rpm -qil < rpm package name>10.列出所有被安裝的rpm package
rpm -qa11.列出一個未被安裝進系統的RPM包檔案中包含有哪些檔案？
rpm -qilp < rpm package name>[root@script ~]# rpm --help
Usage: rpm [OPTION...]
Query/Verify package selection options:
-a, --all query/verify all packages #查詢/驗證所有包
-f, --file query/verify package(s) owning file #查詢/驗證包（擁有）檔案
-g, --group query/verify package(s) in group
-p, --package query/verify a package file
--pkgid query/verify package(s) with package identifier
--hdrid query/verify package(s) with header identifier
--triggeredby query the package(s) triggered by the package
--whatrequires query/verify the package(s) which require a dependency
--whatprovides query/verify the package(s) which provide a dependency
--nomanifest do not process non-package files as manifests
Query options (with -q or --query):
-c, --configfiles list all configuration files
-d, --docfiles list all documentation files
-L, --licensefiles list all license files
--dump dump basic file information
-l, --list list files in package
--queryformat=QUERYFORMAT use the following query format
-s, --state display the states of the listed files
Verify options (with -V or --verify):
--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files
--nofiles don't verify files in package
--nodeps don't verify package dependencies
--noscript don't execute verify script(s)
Install/Upgrade/Erase options:
--allfiles install all files, even configurations which might otherwise be skipped
--allmatches remove all packages which match <package> (normally an error is generated if <package> specified multiple packages)
--badreloc relocate files in non-relocatable package
-e, --erase=<package>+ erase (uninstall) package
--excludedocs do not install documentation
--excludepath=<path> skip files with leading component <path>
--force short hand for --replacepkgs --replacefiles
-F, --freshen=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s) if already installed
-h, --hash print hash marks as package installs (good with -v)
--ignorearch don't verify package architecture
--ignoreos don't verify package operating system
--ignoresize don't check disk space before installing
-i, --install install package(s)
--justdb update the database, but do not modify the filesystem
--nodeps do not verify package dependencies
--nofiledigest don't verify digest of files
--nocontexts don't install file security contexts
--noorder do not reorder package installation to satisfy dependencies
--noscripts do not execute package scriptlet(s)
--notriggers do not execute any scriptlet(s) triggered by this package
--nocollections do not perform any collection actions
--oldpackage upgrade to an old version of the package (--force on upgrades does this automatically)
--percent print percentages as package installs # 列印包安裝百分比
--prefix=<dir> relocate the package to <dir>, if relocatable # 將軟體包安裝到由 指定的路徑下
--relocate=<old>=<new> relocate files from path <old> to <new> # 將檔案從路徑<舊>重新定位到<新>
--replacefiles ignore file conflicts between packages # 忽略包之間的檔案衝突
--replacepkgs reinstall if the package is already present # 如果包已經存在，重新安裝
--test don't install, but tell if it would work or not
-U, --upgrade=<packagefile>+ upgrade package(s)
Common options for all rpm modes and executables:
-D, --define='MACRO EXPR' define MACRO with value EXPR
--undefine=MACRO undefine MACRO
-E, --eval='EXPR' print macro expansion of EXPR
--macros=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
--nodigest don't verify package digest(s)
--nosignature don't verify package signature(s)
--rcfile=<FILE:...> read <FILE:...> instead of default file(s)
-r, --root=ROOT use ROOT as top level directory (default: "/")
--dbpath=DIRECTORY use database in DIRECTORY
--querytags display known query tags
--showrc display final rpmrc and macro configuration
--quiet provide less detailed output
-v, --verbose provide more detailed output
--version print the version of rpm being used
Options implemented via popt alias/exec:
--scripts list install/erase scriptlets from package(s)
--setperms set permissions of files in a package
--setugids set user/group ownership of files in a package
--conflicts list capabilities this package conflicts with
--obsoletes list other packages removed by installing this package
--provides list capabilities that this package provides
--requires list capabilities required by package(s)
--info list descriptive information from package(s)
--changelog list change logs for this package
--xml list metadata in xml
--triggers list trigger scriptlets from package(s)
--last list package(s) by install time, most recent first
--dupes list duplicated packages
--filesbypkg list all files from each package
--fileclass list file names with classes
--filecolor list file names with colors
--fscontext list file names with security context from file system
--fileprovide list file names with provides
--filerequire list file names with requires
--filecaps list file names with POSIX1.e capabilities
Help options:
-?, --help Show this help message
--usage Display brief usage message