經典排序演算法及其 Java 實現

「部落格搬家」 原地址: 簡書 原發表時間: 2017-08-17

網上有很多排序演算法的總結，不過有很多缺點，比如有些根本就是錯的，無法通過測試用例，有些過於冗長。所以我總結了一套短小精悍的 Java 實現，經測試，該套實現可通過牛客網的關於此的所有測試用例。

1. 氣泡排序

public class BubbleSort implements KySort {
    public void kySort(int[] a, int size) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < size - i - 1; j++) {
                if (a[j] > a[j + 1]) {
                    swap(a, j, j + 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
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2. 插入排序

public class InsertSort implements KySort {
    public void kySort(int[] a, int size) {
        for (int i = 1; i < size; i++) {
            int temp = a[i];
            int j = i;
            while (j > 0 && a[j - 1] > temp) {
                a[j] = a[j - 1];
                j--;
            }
            a[j] = temp;
        }
    }
}
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3. 選擇排序

public class SelectSort implements KySort {
    public void kySort(int[] a, int size) {
        for (int i = 0; i < size - 1; i++) {
            int min = i;
            for (int j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
                if (a[j] < a[min]) {
                    min = j;
                }
            }
            if (i != min) {
                swap(a, i, min);
            }
        }
    }
}
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4. 堆排序

public class HeapSort implements KySort {
    public void kySort(int[] a, int n) {
        for (int i = n / 2; i >= 0; i--) {
            heapAdjust(a, i, n - 1);
        }
        for (int i = n - 1; i > 0; i--) {
            swap(a, 0, i);
            heapAdjust(a, 0, i - 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param index 父節點索引
     * @param n     尾節點索引
     */
    private void heapAdjust(int[] a, int index, int n) {
        int temp = a[index];
        for (int child = index * 2 + 1; child <= n; child = index * 2 + 1) {
            if (child < n && a[child] < a[child + 1]) {
                child++;
            }
            if (temp > a[child]) break;
            a[index] = a[child];
            index = child;
        }
        a[index] = temp;
    }
}
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5. 歸併排序

public class MergeSort implements KySort {
    public void kySort(int[] a, int size) {
        sort(a, 0, size - 1, new int[a.length]);
    }

    private void sort(int[] a, int left, int right, int[] temp) {
        if (left >= right) return;
        int mid = (left + right) / 2;
        sort(a, left, mid, temp);
        sort(a, mid + 1, right, temp);
        merge(a, left, mid, right, temp);
    }

    private void merge(int[] a, int left, int mid, int right, int[] temp) {
        int k = left;
        int i = left;
        int j = mid + 1;

        while (i <= mid && j <= right) {
            if (a[i] < a[j]) {
                temp[k++] = a[i++];
            } else {
                temp[k++] = a[j++];
            }
        }
        while (i <= mid) {
            temp[k++] = a[i++];
        }
        while (j <= right) {
            temp[k++] = a[j++];
        }

        while (left <= right) {
            a[left] = temp[left];
            left++;
        }
    }
}
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6. 快速排序

public class QuickSort implements KySort {
    @Override
    public void kySort(int[] a, int size) {
        quickSort(a, 0, size - 1);
    }

    private void quickSort(int[] a, int left, int right) {
        if (right - left < 2) {
            if (a[left] > a[right])
                swap(a, left, right);
            return;
        }
        int p = middleBy3(a, left, right);

        quickSort(a, left, p - 1);
        quickSort(a, p + 1, right);
    }

    private int middleBy3(int[] a, int left, int right) {
        int p = (left + right) / 2;
        int end = right;

        if (a[left] > a[p]) swap(a, left, p);
        if (a[left] > a[right]) swap(a, left, right);
        if (a[p] > a[right]) swap(a, p, right);

        int temp = a[p];
        swap(a, p, right);

        while (true) {
            while (a[++left] < temp) ;
            while (a[--right] > temp) ;
            if (left >= right) break;
            else swap(a, left, right);
        }
        swap(a, left, end);
        return left;
    }
}
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7. 附錄

7.1 交換方法

public class Util {
    public static void swap(int[] a, int i, int j) {
        int k = a[i];
        a[i] = a[j];
        a[j] = k;
    }
}
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7.2 基於策略模式的主程式實現

public class SortMain {
    private static KySort sorter;
    private int[] a;//定義一個陣列

    private SortMain(int... values) {   //建構函式
        a = values;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        setSorter(new QuickSort());
        SortMain arr;
        arr = new SortMain(5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0);
        arr.display();
        arr.kySort();
        arr.display();
        System.out.println("--------");
        arr = new SortMain(54, 35, 48, 36, 27, 12, 44, 44, 8, 14, 26, 17, 28);
        arr.display();
        arr.kySort();
        arr.display();
        System.out.println("--------");
        arr = new SortMain(32, 103, 24, 88, 95, 70, 97, 15, 102, 6, 79, 46, 51, 37, 93, 108, 9, 58, 53, 58, 79, 36, 58, 91, 78, 58, 61, 81);    //初始化陣列
        arr.display();
        arr.kySort();
        arr.display();
    }

    private static void setSorter(KySort sorter) {
        SortMain.sorter = sorter;
    }

    private void display() {
        for (int i : a) {   //遍歷陣列中每一個元素
            System.out.print(i + " ");   //展示
        }
        System.out.println();
    }

    private void kySort() {
        sorter.kySort(a, a.length);
    }
}
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