Given a linked list, reverse the nodes of a linked list k at a time and return its modified list.
k is a positive integer and is less than or equal to the length of the linked list. If the number of nodes is not a multiple of k then left-out nodes in the end should remain as it is.
Example:
Given this linked list: 1->2->3->4->5
For k = 2, you should return: 2->1->4->3->5
For k = 3, you should return: 3->2->1->4->5
Note:
- Only constant extra memory is allowed.
- You may not alter the values in the list's nodes, only nodes itself may be changed.
這道題讓我們以每k個為一組來翻轉連結串列,實際上是把原連結串列分成若干小段,然後分別對其進行翻轉,那麼肯定總共需要兩個函式,一個是用來分段的,一個是用來翻轉的,我們就以題目中給的例子來看,對於給定連結串列1->2->3->4->5,一般在處理連結串列問題時,我們大多時候都會在開頭再加一個dummy node,因為翻轉連結串列時頭結點可能會變化,為了記錄當前最新的頭結點的位置而引入的dummy node,那麼我們加入dummy node後的連結串列變為-1->1->2->3->4->5,如果k為3的話,我們的目標是將1,2,3翻轉一下,那麼我們需要一些指標,pre和next分別指向要翻轉的連結串列的前後的位置,然後翻轉後pre的位置更新到如下新的位置:
-1->1->2->3->4->5 | | | pre cur next -1->3->2->1->4->5 | | | cur pre next
以此類推,只要cur走過k個節點,那麼next就是cur->next,就可以呼叫翻轉函式來進行區域性翻轉了,注意翻轉之後新的cur和pre的位置都不同了,那麼翻轉之後,cur應該更新為pre->next,而如果不需要翻轉的話,cur更新為cur->next,程式碼如下所示:
解法一:
class Solution { public: ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) { if (!head || k == 1) return head; ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1), *pre = dummy, *cur = head; dummy->next = head; for (int i = 1; cur; ++i) { if (i % k == 0) { pre = reverseOneGroup(pre, cur->next); cur = pre->next; } else { cur = cur->next; } } return dummy->next; } ListNode* reverseOneGroup(ListNode* pre, ListNode* next) { ListNode *last = pre->next, *cur = last->next; while(cur != next) { last->next = cur->next; cur->next = pre->next; pre->next = cur; cur = last->next; } return last; } };
我們也可以在一個函式中完成,我們首先遍歷整個連結串列,統計出連結串列的長度,然後如果長度大於等於k,我們開始交換節點,當k=2時,每段我們只需要交換一次,當k=3時,每段需要交換2此,所以i從1開始迴圈,注意交換一段後更新pre指標,然後num自減k,直到num<k時迴圈結束,參見程式碼如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) { ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(-1), *pre = dummy, *cur = pre; dummy->next = head; int num = 0; while (cur = cur->next) ++num; while (num >= k) { cur = pre->next; for (int i = 1; i < k; ++i) { ListNode *t = cur->next; cur->next = t->next; t->next = pre->next; pre->next = t; } pre = cur; num -= k; } return dummy->next; } };
我們也可以使用遞迴來做,我們用head記錄每段的開始位置,cur記錄結束位置的下一個節點,然後我們呼叫reverse函式來將這段翻轉,然後得到一個new_head,原來的head就變成了末尾,這時候後面接上遞迴呼叫下一段得到的新節點,返回new_head即可,參見程式碼如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: ListNode* reverseKGroup(ListNode* head, int k) { ListNode *cur = head; for (int i = 0; i < k; ++i) { if (!cur) return head; cur = cur->next; } ListNode *new_head = reverse(head, cur); head->next = reverseKGroup(cur, k); return new_head; } ListNode* reverse(ListNode* head, ListNode* tail) { ListNode *pre = tail; while (head != tail) { ListNode *t = head->next; head->next = pre; pre = head; head = t; } return pre; } };
類似題目:
參考資料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/
https://leetcode.com/problems/reverse-nodes-in-k-group/discuss/11435/C%2B%2B-Elegant-and-Small