題目:
Given an array S of n integers, are there elements a, b, c in S such that a + b + c = 0? Find all unique triplets in the array which gives the sum of zero.
Note:
- Elements in a triplet (a,b,c) must be in non-descending order. (ie, a ≤ b ≤ c)
- The solution set must not contain duplicate triplets.
For example, given array S = {-1 0 1 2 -1 -4}, A solution set is: (-1, 0, 1) (-1, -1, 2)
題解:
3 Sum是two Sum的變種,可以利用two sum的二分查詢法來解決問題。
本題比two sum增加的問題有:解決duplicate問題,3個數相加返回數值而非index。
首先,對陣列進行排序。
然後,從0位置開始到倒數第三個位置(num.length-3),進行遍歷,假定num[i]就是3sum中得第一個加數,然後從i+1的位置開始,進行2sum的運算。
當找到一個3sum==0的情況時,判斷是否在結果hashset中出現過,沒有則新增。(利用hashset的value唯一性)
因為結果不唯一,此時不能停止,繼續搜尋,low和high指標同時挪動。
時間複雜度是O(n2)
實現程式碼為:
1 public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> threeSum(int[] num) {
2 ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
3 if(num.length<3||num == null)
4 return res;
5
6 HashSet<ArrayList<Integer>> hs = new HashSet<ArrayList<Integer>>();
7
8 Arrays.sort(num);
9
10 for(int i = 0; i <= num.length-3; i++){
11 int low = i+1;
12 int high = num.length-1;
13 while(low<high){//since they cannot be the same one, low should not equal to high
14 int sum = num[i]+num[low]+num[high];
15 if(sum == 0){
16 ArrayList<Integer> unit = new ArrayList<Integer>();
17 unit.add(num[i]);
18 unit.add(num[low]);
19 unit.add(num[high]);
20
21 if(!hs.contains(unit)){
22 hs.add(unit);
23 res.add(unit);
24 }
25
26 low++;
27 high--;
28 }else if(sum > 0)
29 high --;
30 else
31 low ++;
32 }
33 }
34
35 return res;
36 }
2 ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
3 if(num.length<3||num == null)
4 return res;
5
6 HashSet<ArrayList<Integer>> hs = new HashSet<ArrayList<Integer>>();
7
8 Arrays.sort(num);
9
10 for(int i = 0; i <= num.length-3; i++){
11 int low = i+1;
12 int high = num.length-1;
13 while(low<high){//since they cannot be the same one, low should not equal to high
14 int sum = num[i]+num[low]+num[high];
15 if(sum == 0){
16 ArrayList<Integer> unit = new ArrayList<Integer>();
17 unit.add(num[i]);
18 unit.add(num[low]);
19 unit.add(num[high]);
20
21 if(!hs.contains(unit)){
22 hs.add(unit);
23 res.add(unit);
24 }
25
26 low++;
27 high--;
28 }else if(sum > 0)
29 high --;
30 else
31 low ++;
32 }
33 }
34
35 return res;
36 }
同時,解決duplicate問題,也可以通過挪動指標來解決判斷,當找到一個合格結果時,將3個加數指標挪動到與當前值不同的地方,才再進行繼續判斷,程式碼如下:
1 public ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> threeSum(int[] num) {
2 ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
3 if(num.length<3||num == null)
4 return res;
5
6 Arrays.sort(num);
7
8 for(int i = 0; i <= num.length-3; i++){
9 if(i==0||num[i]!=num[i-1]){//remove dupicate
10 int low = i+1;
11 int high = num.length-1;
12 while(low<high){
13 int sum = num[i]+num[low]+num[high];
14 if(sum == 0){
15 ArrayList<Integer> unit = new ArrayList<Integer>();
16 unit.add(num[i]);
17 unit.add(num[low]);
18 unit.add(num[high]);
19
20 res.add(unit);
21
22 low++;
23 high--;
24
25 while(low<high&&num[low]==num[low-1])//remove dupicate
26 low++;
27 while(low<high&&num[high]==num[high+1])//remove dupicate
28 high--;
29
30 }else if(sum > 0)
31 high --;
32 else
33 low ++;
34 }
35 }
36 }
37 return res;
38 }
2 ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>>();
3 if(num.length<3||num == null)
4 return res;
5
6 Arrays.sort(num);
7
8 for(int i = 0; i <= num.length-3; i++){
9 if(i==0||num[i]!=num[i-1]){//remove dupicate
10 int low = i+1;
11 int high = num.length-1;
12 while(low<high){
13 int sum = num[i]+num[low]+num[high];
14 if(sum == 0){
15 ArrayList<Integer> unit = new ArrayList<Integer>();
16 unit.add(num[i]);
17 unit.add(num[low]);
18 unit.add(num[high]);
19
20 res.add(unit);
21
22 low++;
23 high--;
24
25 while(low<high&&num[low]==num[low-1])//remove dupicate
26 low++;
27 while(low<high&&num[high]==num[high+1])//remove dupicate
28 high--;
29
30 }else if(sum > 0)
31 high --;
32 else
33 low ++;
34 }
35 }
36 }
37 return res;
38 }