AngularJS 1.x系列:AngularJS服務-Service、Factory、Provider、Value及Constant(5)

libingql發表於2017-06-10

1. AngularJS服務

  AngularJS可注入型別包括:Service、Factory、Provider、Value及Constant。

2. Service

  AngularJS Service是封裝了一些特定業務邏輯的單例物件在每個應用中只會被例項化一次(由$injector例項化),且延遲載入(需要時才會建立)

  AngularJS Service對外提供方法供其他元件呼叫。

2.1 AngularJS內建Service物件

  AngularJS內建30多個服務。

  1>. $location:返回當前頁面的 URL 地址

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$location", function ($scope, $location) {
            $scope.url = $location.absUrl();
        }]);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ url }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

  2>.$timeout:在指定的毫秒數後呼叫函式或計算表示式,只執行一次

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$timeout", function ($scope, $timeout) {
            $scope.text = "Hello World!";
            $timeout(function () {
                $scope.text = "Hello AngularJS!";
            }, 2000);
        }]);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ text }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

  3>.$interval:按照指定的週期(以毫秒計)來呼叫函式或計算表示式,會多次不停地呼叫執行。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$interval", function ($scope, $interval ) {
            $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            $interval (function () {
                $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            }, 1000);
        }]);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

  不使用 $interval 服務的情況下,運用 $apply顯示時間。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", function ($scope) {
            $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            $scope.setTime = function() {
                // $apply訪問並修改資料
                $scope.$apply (function () {
                    $scope.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
                });
            }

            setInterval($scope.setTime, 1000);
        }]);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

2.2 自定義服務

  AngularJS自定義服務語法格式:

var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.service("serviceName", function(){
    // 屬性、方法
});

  其中:

    第一個引數:Service名稱

    第二個引數:Service物件的建構函式,可以定義屬性和方法來封裝處理一些邏輯。

  示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$datetime", function ($scope, $datetime) {
            $scope.time = $datetime.getTime();
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", function(){
            this.getTime = function() {
                return new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            };
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

  示例:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.controller("HelloCtrl", ["$scope", "$interval", "$datetime", function ($scope, $interval, $datetime) {
            $interval (function () {
                $scope.time = $datetime.getTime();
            }, 1000);
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", function(){
            this.getTime = function() {
                return new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
            };
        });
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div ng-controller="HelloCtrl">
        {{ time }}
    </div>
</body>
</html>

  示例:在自定義的Service中可以注入其他Service物件。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html ng-app="app">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script type="text/javascript" src="../lib/angular.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        var app = angular.module("app", []);
        app.run(["$datetime", function ($datetime) {
            $datetime.getTime();
        }]);
        app.service("$datetime", ["$interval", "$log", function($interval, $log) {
            this.getTime = function() {
                $interval (function () {
                    $log.info(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
                }, 1000);
            };
        }]);
    </script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

3. Factory

 

4. Provider

 

5. Constant

  constant建立的服務用來返回一個常量。

  constant語法格式:

var app = angular.module("app", []);
app.constant(name, value);

  其中,

    引數name:建立服務的名稱

    value:一個常量,與服務名稱對應的常量值或物件。當注入該服務之後,可以直接呼叫服務名對應的常量。

6. Value

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