Leetcode Word Ladder

OpenSoucre發表於2014-07-08

Given two words (start and end), and a dictionary, find the length of shortest transformation sequence from start to end, such that:

  1. Only one letter can be changed at a time
  2. Each intermediate word must exist in the dictionary

For example,

Given:
start = "hit"
end = "cog"
dict = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]

As one shortest transformation is "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog",
return its length 5.

注意題目意思是:給你一個單詞,每次只能改變一個字母,改變後的單詞要在dict中,最少經過過少次改變可以變成給定單詞
本題通過廣度搜尋進行搜尋

              hit

經過一次改變             hot     (其他單詞都不在dict中,此時將hot從dict刪除,這樣可以避免hot->hot的迴圈)

經過第二次改變          dot          lot (將dot和lot從dict中刪除,dict={"dog","log"})

經過第三次改變         dog          log  

經過第四次改變                 cog        (找到,注意start算一次

class Solution {
public:
    int ladderLength(string start, string end, unordered_set<string> &dict) {
        int res = 0;
        queue<string> que;
        que.push(start);
        bool flag = false;
        while(!que.empty() && !flag){
            int cnt = que.size();
            res++;
            while(cnt-->0){
                string a = que.front();que.pop();
                if(a == end)  {flag = true;break;}
                for(int i = 0 ; i < a.length();++ i){
                    string bk(a);
                    for(char j ='a' ; j <= 'z'; ++ j ){
                        bk[i] = j;
                        if(dict.find(bk)!=dict.end() && bk!=a){
                            que.push(bk);
                            dict.erase(bk);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if(!flag) return 0;
        else return res;
    }
};

 

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