以一個簡單的lnmp.yaml的配置檔案進行講解docker-compose命令的基礎講解，熟練掌握命令
[root@docker lnmp]# cat lnmp.yaml version: '3' services: nginx: image: nginx ports: - "80:80" links: - php:php volumes: - "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html" php: image: php expose: - "9000" volumes: - "/www:/usr/local/nginx/html" db: image: mysql ports: - "3306:3306" environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress MYSQL_USER: wordpress MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress
上面配置檔案的關於編寫的引數暫時不進行講解，這裡只進行關於docker-compose的命令
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose --help Define and run multi-container applications with Docker. Usage: docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...] docker-compose -h|--help
看用法的定義就是利用docker定義和執行多個容器應用
Options: -f, --file FILE Specify an alternate compose file (default: docker-compose.yml) -p, --project-name NAME Specify an alternate project name (default: directory name)
預設如果沒有指定具體的compose配置檔案，那麼就docker-compose.yml，並且如果不指定專案名稱，預設就是資料夾的name
up Create and start containers
現在利用command中的up進行建立並啟動容器（多個容器，安裝配置檔案中，至於順序現在不講解）
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml up Creating lnmp_php_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 Creating lnmp_php_1 ... done Creating lnmp_nginx_1 ... Creating lnmp_db_1 ... done
後面的一大堆輸出，這裡不進行全部顯示了，建立並啟動好了容器後，如何檢視執行的狀態呢？
ps List containers
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------
為什麼這裡沒有顯示呢？因為配置檔名稱不是docker-compose.yml，所以在執行一系列命令時需要加上-f lnmp.yaml
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
由於配置檔案lnmp.yaml在當前目錄，這裡可以進行絕對路徑：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
由上面可以看出將所有的容器都顯示出來，如何指定顯出某一個容器呢？
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose ps --help List containers. Usage: ps [options] [SERVICE...]
一般的command命令都可以帶上SERVICE，這裡的service是什麼呢？就是配置檔案中定義的services服務，配置檔案中定義了三個：nginx、php、db（不能寫錯service名稱）
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml ps nginx Name Command State Ports -------------------------------------------------------------------------- lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp
name這一列代表的是容器名稱，而不是service名稱
[root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a5747e115947 nginx "/usr/local/nginx/..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 508ac0a6890c php "/usr/local/php/sb..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 9000/tcp lnmp_php_1 aaa3cc6f1040 mysql "docker-entrypoint..." 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_db_1
name的組成由project+service組成（後面的_1本人認為是構建的次數，第一次構建up就代表1吧）
If you change a service’s Dockerfile or the contents of its build directory, run docker-compose build to rebuild it.
docker-compose up --build或者docker-compose build
config：
config Validate and view the Compose file
利用config命令可以列印處配置檔案的內容和service名稱以及volumes資訊
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --services
php
nginx
db
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config services: db: environment: MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpress MYSQL_PASSWORD: wordpress MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: redhat MYSQL_USER: wordpress image: mysql ports: - 3306:3306/tcp nginx: image: nginx links: - php:php ports: - 80:80/tcp volumes: - /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw php: expose: - '9000' image: php volumes: - /www:/usr/local/nginx/html:rw version: '3.0'
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f /root/compose_project/lnmp/lnmp.yaml config --volumes
down：停止並刪除容器、網路、映象、資料卷
down Stop and remove containers, networks, images, and volumes
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml down Stopping lnmp_nginx_1 ... done Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done Stopping lnmp_php_1 ... done Removing lnmp_nginx_1 ... done Removing lnmp_db_1 ... done Removing lnmp_php_1 ... done Removing network lnmp_default [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------ [root@docker lnmp]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
down也帶有其他的引數：
Options: --rmi type Remove images. Type must be one of: 'all': Remove all images used by any service. 'local': Remove only images that don't have a custom tag set by the `image` field. -v, --volumes Remove named volumes declared in the `volumes` section of the Compose file and anonymous volumes attached to containers. --remove-orphans Remove containers for services not defined in the Compose file
exec：在執行的容器中執行命令：
exec Execute a command in a running container
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml exec db env PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin HOSTNAME=aaa3cc6f1040 TERM=xterm MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=redhat MYSQL_PASSWORD=wordpress MYSQL_USER=wordpress MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpress GOSU_VERSION=1.7 MYSQL_MAJOR=5.7 MYSQL_VERSION=5.7.20-1debian8 HOME=/root
db是指定了在哪一個service中執行env命令
images：列出映象
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images Container Repository Tag Image Id Size ---------------------------------------------------------- lnmp_db_1 mysql latest 5709795eeffa 389 MB lnmp_nginx_1 nginx latest c3babfeba09b 551 MB lnmp_php_1 php latest 8902ce599658 1 GB
引數-q：列出映象的id
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml images -q
5709795eeffac51eca46cf40ab36669aad27e8cb4b0e91876d5e9f7bafad6acb
c3babfeba09bab70a8e3b7e8d734ee274af4a02ed8b9b4d286cd58caf64dbdc5
8902ce599658633ee95e270843b37daabe2e0dc298861ac8c25f5f7e11a7de1e
kill：殺死容器
kill Kill containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose kill --help Force stop service containers. Usage: kill [options] [SERVICE...] Options: -s SIGNAL SIGNAL to send to the container. Default signal is SIGKILL.
可以看見後面也可以指定哪一個service
logs：將容器中的日誌進行輸出
logs View output from containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose logs --help View output from containers. Usage: logs [options] [SERVICE...] Options: --no-color Produce monochrome output. -f, --follow Follow log output. -t, --timestamps Show timestamps. --tail="all" Number of lines to show from the end of the logs for each container.
將db的日誌輸出最後的10行：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail db ERROR: tail flag must be all or a number [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml logs -t --tail="10" db Attaching to lnmp_db_1 db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618652188Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618090Z 0 [Warning] 'db' entry 'sys mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618654153Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.618104Z 0 [Warning] 'proxies_priv' entry '@ root@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621872173Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620524Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'user mysql.session@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.621897721Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.620616Z 0 [Warning] 'tables_priv' entry 'sys_config mysql.sys@localhost' ignored in --skip-name-resolve mode. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658532597Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658110Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660827605Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658335Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660852816Z Version: '5.7.20' socket: '/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660857339Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658347Z 0 [Note] Executing 'SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES;' to get a list of tables using the deprecated partition engine. You may use the startup option '--disable-partition-engine-check' to skip this check. db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.660861018Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.658349Z 0 [Note] Beginning of list of non-natively partitioned tables db_1 | 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679766350Z 2017-11-09T14:48:24.679398Z 0 [Note] End of list of non-natively partitioned tables
pause：暫停service：
pause Pause services
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose pause --help
Pause services.
Usage: pause [SERVICE...]
將db這個service進行暫停：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml pause db Pausing lnmp_db_1 ... done [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Paused 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
unpause：將暫停的service進行恢復：
unpause Unpause services
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml unpause db Unpausing lnmp_db_1 ... done [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
port：檢視埠對映資訊：
port Print the public port for a port binding
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose port --help Print the public port for a port binding. Usage: port [options] SERVICE PRIVATE_PORT Options: --protocol=proto tcp or udp [default: tcp] --index=index index of the container if there are multiple instances of a service [default: 1]
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml port db 3306 0.0.0.0:3306
restart：重啟service：
restart Restart services
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose restart --help Restart running containers. Usage: restart [options] [SERVICE...] Options: -t, --timeout TIMEOUT Specify a shutdown timeout in seconds. (default: 10)
將nginx這個service進行重啟：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml restart nginx Restarting lnmp_nginx_1 ... done [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml ps Name Command State Ports ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ lnmp_db_1 docker-entrypoint.sh mysqld Up 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp lnmp_nginx_1 /usr/local/nginx/sbin/ngin ... Up 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp lnmp_php_1 /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm Up 9000/tcp
rm：刪除已經停止的服務容器，沒有停止刪除不了
rm Remove stopped containers
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose rm --help Removes stopped service containers. By default, anonymous volumes attached to containers will not be removed. You can override this with `-v`. To list all volumes, use `docker volume ls`. Any data which is not in a volume will be lost. Usage: rm [options] [SERVICE...] Options: -f, --force Don't ask to confirm removal -s, --stop Stop the containers, if required, before removing -v Remove any anonymous volumes attached to containers -a, --all Deprecated - no effect.
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm No stopped containers
如果加上-s/--stop那麼就會先將服務進行停止，然後詢問你是否刪除：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml rm -s db Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done Going to remove lnmp_db_1 Are you sure? [yN]
-f：代表在刪除的過程中不會詢問你是否刪除，而是直接進行刪除
run：執行一次性命令
run Run a one-off command
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose run --help Run a one-off command on a service. For example: $ docker-compose run web python manage.py shell
scale：擴充套件容器，為service設定多個容器：
scale Set number of containers for a service
[root@docker ~]# docker-compose scale --help Set number of containers to run for a service. Numbers are specified in the form `service=num` as arguments. For example: $ docker-compose scale web=2 worker=3 This command is deprecated. Use the up command with the `--scale` flag instead. Usage: scale [options] [SERVICE=NUM...]
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml scale nginx=2 WARNING: The scale command is deprecated. Use the up command with the --scale flag instead.
而且在建立多個容器時需要考慮埠及ip的監聽狀況（佔用的情況）
start Start services
stop Stop services
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml stop db Stopping lnmp_db_1 ... done [root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml start db Starting db ... done
top：顯示執行的程式
top Display the running processes
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top lnmp_db_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------- systemd+ 38246 38223 7 23:27 ? 00:00:00 mysqld lnmp_nginx_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38367 38352 1 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off; www 38421 38367 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process lnmp_php_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38208 38186 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf) www 38307 38208 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www www 38308 38208 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www
指定某一個service：
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml top nginx lnmp_nginx_1 UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- root 38367 38352 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -g daemon off; www 38421 38367 0 23:27 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
version：顯示docker-compose的版本資訊：
version Show the Docker-Compose version information
[root@docker lnmp]# docker-compose -f lnmp.yaml version docker-compose version 1.17.0, build ac53b73 docker-py version: 2.5.1 CPython version: 2.7.13 OpenSSL version: OpenSSL 1.0.1t 3 May 2016
docker-compose命令執行的級別在service層，而如果需要對容器進行修改等操作還是執行docker命令方便