上傳檔案在一個系統當中是一個很常用的功能,也是一個比較重要的功能。今天我們就一起來學習一下Struts2如何上傳檔案。
今天講的上傳檔案的方式有三種:
1,以位元組為單位傳輸檔案;
2,Struts2封裝的一種方式;
3,以字元的方式傳輸檔案。
其實這三種方式都差不多,都是將檔案先從客戶端一臨時檔案的形式,傳輸到伺服器的臨時資料夾下,然後在將該臨時檔案複製到我們要上傳的目錄。另外,有一個需要注意,就是上傳過程中產生的這些臨時檔案,Struts2不會自動清理,所以我們需要手動清理臨時檔案,這一個下面的程式碼中有提到。
用Action來完成我們上傳的核心功能:
package com.action; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.BufferedWriter; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.OutputStreamWriter; import java.util.Map; import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class UploadAction extends ActionSupport { private File upload; private String uploadFileName; private String uploadContentType; private long maximumSize; private String allowedTypes; public File getUpload() { return upload; } public void setUpload(File upload) { this.upload = upload; } public String getUploadFileName() { return uploadFileName; } public void setUploadFileName(String uploadFileName) { this.uploadFileName = uploadFileName; } public String getUploadContentType() { return uploadContentType; } public void setUploadContentType(String uploadContentType) { this.uploadContentType = uploadContentType; } public long getMaximumSize() { return maximumSize; } public void setMaximumSize(long maximumSize) { this.maximumSize = maximumSize; } public String getAllowedTypes() { return allowedTypes; } public void setAllowedTypes(String allowedTypes) { this.allowedTypes = allowedTypes; } @Override public String execute() throws Exception { File uploadFile = new File(ServletActionContext.getServletContext().getRealPath("upload")); if(!uploadFile.exists()) { uploadFile.mkdir(); } //驗證檔案大小及格式 if (maximumSize < upload.length()) { return "error"; } boolean flag =false; String[] allowedTypesStr = allowedTypes.split(","); for (int i = 0; i < allowedTypesStr.length; i++) { if (uploadContentType.equals(allowedTypesStr[i])) { flag = true; } } if (flag == false) { Map request = (Map) ActionContext.getContext().get("request"); request.put("errorMassage", "檔案型別不合法!"); System.out.println(request.toString()); return "error"; } //第一種上傳方式 // FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(upload); // FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(uploadFile +"//"+ uploadFileName); // try { // byte[] b =new byte[1024]; // int i = 0; // while ((i=input.read(b))>0) { // out.write(b, 0, i); // } // } catch (Exception e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } finally { // //關閉輸入、輸出流 // input.close(); // out.close(); // //刪除臨時檔案 // upload.delete(); // } //第二種上傳方式 // FileUtils.copyFile(upload, new File(uploadFile+"\\"+uploadFileName)); // //刪除臨時檔案 // upload.delete(); //第三種上傳方式 BufferedReader bReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(upload))); BufferedWriter bWriter = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(uploadFile+"\\"+ uploadFileName))); try { char [] c =new char[1024]; int i = 0; while ((i = bReader.read(c)) > 0) { bWriter.write(c, 0, i); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { bReader.close(); bWriter.close(); //刪除臨時檔案 upload.delete(); } return "success"; } }
在Struts.xml檔案中配置我們的Action:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.action.extension" value=","></constant> <!-- 上傳檔案最大限制(如果為多檔案上傳,則為多個檔案的總大小) --> <constant name="struts.multipart.maxSize" value="40000000"></constant> <!-- 存放上傳檔案的臨時目錄 --> <constant name="struts.multipart.saveDir" value="D:\\temp"></constant> <package name="upload" namespace="/file" extends="struts-default"> <action name="upLoad" class="com.action.UploadAction"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error" >/error.jsp</result> <result name = "input" type ="redirect">/index.jsp</result> <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param> <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param> <!--用struts攔截器限制上傳檔案大小及型別 <interceptor-ref name="fileUpload"> 單個檔案的大小 <param name="maximumSize ">1000000</param> <param name="allowedTypes">application/msword,application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document,text/plain</param> </interceptor-ref> <interceptor-ref name="defaultStack"></interceptor-ref> --> </action> </package> </struts>
檔案上傳的頁面:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>上傳檔案</title> </head> <body> <!-- enctype="multipart/form-data"不對字元編碼。在使用包含檔案上傳控制元件的表單時,必須使用該值。 --> <form action="file/upLoad" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input name="upload" type="file"> <input name="btnUpload" type="submit" value="上傳"> </form> </body> </html>
上傳檔案之前,通常要判斷一下檔案的大小及型別,上面有兩種方式來驗證,一種是在Action裡驗證,一種是通過Struts2的攔截器驗證。兩者選其一,選擇一個把另一個註釋掉即可。
另外,還有一個需要注意:上傳檔案頁面中form的enctype屬性值,一定要設定成"multipart/form-data",否則就會出錯。
OK,今天上傳檔案就向大家介紹到這裡,我們下篇部落格再見!