#!/usr/bin/env python # # Copyright 2009 Facebook # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. import markdown import os.path import re import torndb import tornado.auth import tornado.httpserver import tornado.ioloop import tornado.options import tornado.web import unicodedata from tornado.options import define, options #定義一些通用的配置資訊，比如資料庫的連線資訊，埠資訊 define("port", default=8888, help="run on the given port", type=int) define("mysql_host", default="127.0.0.1:3306", help="blog database host") define("mysql_database", default="blog", help="blog database name") define("mysql_user", default="root", help="blog database user") define("mysql_password", default="sa123", help="blog database password") #定義Application資訊，它是繼承tornado.web.Application 的 class Application(tornado.web.Application): # __init__ 函式自動呼叫 def __init__(self): #這裡就是url對應的控制器，下面分別對應一個類，來處理裡面的邏輯 handlers = [ (r"/", HomeHandler), (r"/archive", ArchiveHandler), (r"/feed", FeedHandler), (r"/entry/([^/]+)", EntryHandler), (r"/compose", ComposeHandler), (r"/auth/login", AuthLoginHandler), (r"/auth/logout", AuthLogoutHandler), ] #設定，如部落格標題，模板目錄，靜態檔案目錄，xsrf，是否除錯 settings = dict( blog_title=u"Tornado Blog", template_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "templates"), static_path=os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "static"), ui_modules={"Entry": EntryModule}, xsrf_cookies=True, cookie_secret="__TODO:_GENERATE_YOUR_OWN_RANDOM_VALUE_HERE__", login_url="/auth/login", debug=True, ) #然後呼叫tornado.web.Application類的__init__函式載入進來 tornado.web.Application.__init__(self, handlers, **settings) # Have one global connection to the blog DB across all handlers #資料庫連線資訊 self.db = torndb.Connection( host=options.mysql_host, database=options.mysql_database, user=options.mysql_user, password=options.mysql_password) #基類，繼承自tornado.web.RequestHandler 的，後面的類都是繼承這個類的 class BaseHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler): #屬性裝飾器，使db函式變成一個屬性，便於後面直接使用 @property def db(self): return self.application.db #獲得當前的使用者 def get_current_user(self): user_id = self.get_secure_cookie("blogdemo_user") if not user_id: return None return self.db.get("SELECT * FROM authors WHERE id = %s", int(user_id)) #首頁 class HomeHandler(BaseHandler): def get(self): #query 查詢很多列 entries = self.db.query("SELECT * FROM entries ORDER BY published " "DESC LIMIT 5") if not entries: #redirect 重定向到一個url self.redirect("/compose") return #render 渲染一個模板，後面是引數 self.render("home.html", entries=entries) class EntryHandler(BaseHandler): def get(self, slug): #get 得到一個值 entry = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM entries WHERE slug = %s", slug) #raise 觸發一個錯誤資訊，後面必須接型別 if not entry: raise tornado.web.HTTPError(404) self.render("entry.html", entry=entry) class ArchiveHandler(BaseHandler): def get(self): entries = self.db.query("SELECT * FROM entries ORDER BY published " "DESC") self.render("archive.html", entries=entries) class FeedHandler(BaseHandler): def get(self): entries = self.db.query("SELECT * FROM entries ORDER BY published " "DESC LIMIT 10") self.set_header("Content-Type", "application/atom+xml") self.render("feed.xml", entries=entries) class ComposeHandler(BaseHandler):
#裝飾器 @tornado.web.authenticated def get(self): id = self.get_argument("id", None) entry = None if id: entry = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM entries WHERE id = %s", int(id)) self.render("compose.html", entry=entry) @tornado.web.authenticated def post(self): id = self.get_argument("id", None) title = self.get_argument("title") text = self.get_argument("markdown") html = markdown.markdown(text) if id: entry = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM entries WHERE id = %s", int(id)) if not entry: raise tornado.web.HTTPError(404) slug = entry.slug #execute是執行的意思 self.db.execute( "UPDATE entries SET title = %s, markdown = %s, html = %s " "WHERE id = %s", title, text, html, int(id)) else: slug = unicodedata.normalize("NFKD", title).encode( "ascii", "ignore") slug = re.sub(r"[^\w]+", " ", slug) slug = "-".join(slug.lower().strip().split()) if not slug: slug = "entry" while True: e = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM entries WHERE slug = %s", slug) if not e: break slug += "-2" self.db.execute( "INSERT INTO entries (author_id,title,slug,markdown,html," "published) VALUES (%s,%s,%s,%s,%s,UTC_TIMESTAMP())", self.current_user.id, title, slug, text, html) self.redirect("/entry/" + slug) class AuthLoginHandler(BaseHandler, tornado.auth.GoogleMixin): @tornado.web.asynchronous def get(self): if self.get_argument("openid.mode", None): self.get_authenticated_user(self.async_callback(self._on_auth)) return self.authenticate_redirect() #這裡定義一個函式，來供上面呼叫 def _on_auth(self, user): if not user: raise tornado.web.HTTPError(500, "Google auth failed") author = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM authors WHERE email = %s", user["email"]) if not author: # Auto-create first author any_author = self.db.get("SELECT * FROM authors LIMIT 1") if not any_author: author_id = self.db.execute( "INSERT INTO authors (email,name) VALUES (%s,%s)", user["email"], user["name"]) else: self.redirect("/") return else: author_id = author["id"] self.set_secure_cookie("blogdemo_user", str(author_id)) self.redirect(self.get_argument("next", "/")) class AuthLogoutHandler(BaseHandler): def get(self): self.clear_cookie("blogdemo_user") #get_argument為獲得next引數的值，預設為"/" self.redirect(self.get_argument("next", "/")) class EntryModule(tornado.web.UIModule): def render(self, entry): return self.render_string("modules/entry.html", entry=entry) #入口函式 def main(): tornado.options.parse_command_line() #建立一個伺服器 http_server = tornado.httpserver.HTTPServer(Application()) #監聽埠 http_server.listen(options.port) #啟動服務 tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start() #呼叫的入口 if __name__ == "__main__": main()
最後總結一下：
1）tornado框架中提供的幾個demo，都是以這種形式來建立一個應用的
2）對每一個控制器函式，要麼是，只可能有2個對外的函式，一個是get，一個是post
3）資料庫有3中呼叫方式，query，get，exec
4）獲取引數的值使用 get_argument 函式
5）重定向用redirect 函式
6）所有的函式都是屬性這個類的，所有都用self呼叫
7）渲染模板用render函式