.NET Core使用Nlog記錄日誌
NLog是適用於各種.NET平臺(包括.NET標準)的靈活,免費的日誌記錄平臺。NLog使寫入多個目標變得容易 。(資料庫,檔案,控制檯)並即時更改日誌記錄配置。
NLog支援結構化 和傳統日誌記錄。
NLog的重點是:高效能,易於使用,易於擴充套件和靈活配置。
特徵
易於配置
通過配置檔案 和以程式設計方式,NLog都非常易於配置。即使不重新啟動應用程式,也可以更改配置。
可模板化
每個日誌訊息都可以使用各種佈局渲染進行模板化
可擴充套件的
即使NLog具有目標和預定義的佈局,您也可以編寫自定義目標或傳遞自定義值
結構化日誌
全面支援結構化日誌記錄
目標
目標用於顯示,儲存日誌訊息或將日誌訊息傳遞到另一個目標。NLog可以為每個日誌訊息動態寫入多個目標之一。
現成提供了30多個目標,其中包括:
文件
使用自動檔案命名和歸檔功能,將日誌寫入任意數量的檔案。預設情況下,NLog不會鎖定您的檔案。
事件記錄日誌
寫入事件日誌本地或遠端
資料庫
將日誌儲存在.NET支援的 資料庫中
控制檯
實時寫入命令列控制檯,包括訊息的 顏色編碼
電子郵件
每當出現應用程式錯誤時, 您都可以傳送電子郵件
ASP.NET核心記錄
將日誌訊息寫入ASP.NET Core日誌記錄
還有一些包裝器目標,它們提供 緩衝, 負載平衡, 故障轉移情況, 非同步寫入和更多方案。目標的完整列表在配置選項頁面上。如果找不到適合您需求的目標,則可以 輕鬆編寫自定義目標。
支援
NLog支援以下平臺:
-
.NET Framework 3.5、4、4.5-4.8
-
.NET Framework 4客戶端配置檔案
-
Xamarin Android
-
Xamarin iOs
-
Windows Phone 8
-
Silverlight 4和5
-
單聲道4
-
ASP.NET 4(NLog.Web程式包)
-
ASP.NET Core(NLog.Web.AspNetCore程式包)
-
.NET Core(NLog.Extensions.Logging程式包)
-
.NET Standard 1.x-NLog 4.5
-
.NET Standard 2.x-NLog 4.5
-
UWP-NLog 4.5
入門
建立一個新的ASP.NET Core專案
在Visual Studio 2019中。
手動或使用NuGet在csproj中新增依賴項
安裝最新版本:
-
NLog.Web.AspNetCore 4.9+
-
如有可能,更新NLog軟體包
在csproj中:
1 <PackageReference Include="NLog.Web.AspNetCore" Version="4.9.0" /> 2 <PackageReference Include="NLog" Version="4.6.7" />
建立一個nlog.config檔案。
在專案的根目錄中建立nlog.config(全部小寫)檔案。
我們使用以下示例:
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2 <nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 autoReload="true" 5 internalLogLevel="Info" 6 internalLogFile="c:\temp\internal-nlog.txt"> 7 8 <!-- enable asp.net core layout renderers --> 9 <extensions> 10 <add assembly="NLog.Web.AspNetCore"/> 11 </extensions> 12 13 <!-- the targets to write to --> 14 <targets> 15 <!-- write logs to file --> 16 <target xsi:type="File" name="allfile" fileName="c:\temp\nlog-all-${shortdate}.log" 17 layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}" /> 18 19 <!-- another file log, only own logs. Uses some ASP.NET core renderers --> 20 <target xsi:type="File" name="ownFile-web" fileName="c:\temp\nlog-own-${shortdate}.log" 21 layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId_Id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception:format=tostring}|url: ${aspnet-request-url}|action: ${aspnet-mvc-action}" /> 22 </targets> 23 24 <!-- rules to map from logger name to target --> 25 <rules> 26 <!--All logs, including from Microsoft--> 27 <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="allfile" /> 28 29 <!--Skip non-critical Microsoft logs and so log only own logs--> 30 <logger name="Microsoft.*" maxlevel="Info" final="true" /> <!-- BlackHole without writeTo --> 31 <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="ownFile-web" /> 32 </rules> 33 </nlog>
啟用複製到bin資料夾
為nlog.config啟用複製到bin資料夾
或.csproj
手動編輯檔案並新增:
1 <ItemGroup> 2 <Content Update="nlog.config" CopyToOutputDirectory="PreserveNewest" /> 3 </ItemGroup>
更新program.cs
更新program.cs
1 using System; 2 using NLog.Web; 3 using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; 4 using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; 5 using Microsoft.Extensions.Hosting; 6 7 public static void Main(string[] args) 8 { 9 var logger = NLog.Web.NLogBuilder.ConfigureNLog("nlog.config").GetCurrentClassLogger(); 10 try 11 { 12 logger.Debug("init main"); 13 CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); 14 } 15 catch (Exception exception) 16 { 17 //NLog: catch setup errors 18 logger.Error(exception, "Stopped program because of exception"); 19 throw; 20 } 21 finally 22 { 23 // Ensure to flush and stop internal timers/threads before application-exit (Avoid segmentation fault on Linux) 24 NLog.LogManager.Shutdown(); 25 } 26 } 27 28 public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => 29 Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) 30 .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => 31 { 32 webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); 33 }) 34 .ConfigureLogging(logging => 35 { 36 logging.ClearProviders(); 37 logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace); 38 }) 39 .UseNLog(); // NLog: Setup NLog for Dependency injection
配置appsettings.json
中指定的日誌記錄配置appsettings.json
會覆蓋對的任何呼叫SetMinimumLevel
。因此"Default":
,請根據您的需要刪除或正確調整它。
1 { 2 "Logging": { 3 "IncludeScopes": false, 4 "LogLevel": { 5 "Default": "Trace", 6 "Microsoft": "Warning", 7 "Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime": "Information" 8 } 9 }, 10 "AllowedHosts": "*" 11 }
寫日誌
將ILogger注入您的控制器中:
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging; public class HomeController : Controller { private readonly ILogger<HomeController> _logger; public HomeController(ILogger<HomeController> logger) { _logger = logger; _logger.LogDebug(1, "NLog injected into HomeController"); } public IActionResult Index() { _logger.LogInformation("Hello, this is the index!"); return View(); }
輸出示例
啟動ASP.NET Core網站時,我們得到兩個檔案:
1 nlog-own-2019-10-14.log 2 2019-10-14 23:15:09.3898|0|DEBUG|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Program|init main |url: |action: |ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Program.Main 3 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3867|1|DEBUG|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController|NLog injected into HomeController |url: https://localhost/|action: Index|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController..ctor 4 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3867|0|INFO|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController|Hello, this is the index! |url: htt
1 nlog-all-2019-10-14.log 2 2019-10-14 23:15:09.3898|0|DEBUG|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Program|init main 3 2019-10-14 23:15:10.9142|0|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager|User profile is available. Using 'C:\Users\Julian\AppData\Local\ASP.NET\DataProtection-Keys' as key repository and Windows DPAPI to encrypt keys at rest. 4 2019-10-14 23:15:11.2680|0|INFO|Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime|Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down. 5 2019-10-14 23:15:11.2680|0|INFO|Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime|Hosting environment: Development 6 2019-10-14 23:15:11.2680|0|INFO|Microsoft.Hosting.Lifetime|Content root path: D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019 7 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3238|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/ 8 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3434|0|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware|Executing endpoint 'ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController.Index (ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019)' 9 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3867|3|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ControllerActionInvoker|Route matched with {action = "Index", controller = "Home"}. Executing controller action with signature Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.IActionResult Index() on controller ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController (ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019). 10 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3867|1|DEBUG|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController|NLog injected into HomeController 11 2019-10-14 23:15:11.3867|0|INFO|ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController|Hello, this is the index! 12 2019-10-14 23:15:11.4161|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor|Executing ViewResult, running view Index. 13 2019-10-14 23:15:11.5831|4|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor|Executed ViewResult - view Index executed in 167.626ms. 14 2019-10-14 23:15:11.5831|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ControllerActionInvoker|Executed action ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController.Index (ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019) in 196.6052ms 15 2019-10-14 23:15:11.5831|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware|Executed endpoint 'ASP.NET_Core_3___VS2019.Controllers.HomeController.Index (ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019)' 16 2019-10-14 23:15:11.5910|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 267.9366ms 200 text/html; charset=utf-8 17 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6171|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js 18 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6171|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/css/site.css 19 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6171|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css 20 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6365|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js 21 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6365|1|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request starting HTTP/2.0 GET https://localhost:44318/js/site.js?v=4q1jwFhaPaZgr8WAUSrux6hAuh0XDg9kPS3xIVq36I0 22 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6627|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware|Sending file. Request path: '/js/site.js'. Physical path: 'D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019\wwwroot\js\site.js' 23 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6627|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware|Sending file. Request path: '/css/site.css'. Physical path: 'D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019\wwwroot\css\site.css' 24 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6627|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 28.7787ms 200 application/javascript 25 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6696|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 52.4825ms 200 text/css 26 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware|Sending file. Request path: '/lib/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js'. Physical path: 'D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019\wwwroot\lib\bootstrap\dist\js\bootstrap.bundle.min.js' 27 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware|Sending file. Request path: '/lib/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css'. Physical path: 'D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019\wwwroot\lib\bootstrap\dist\css\bootstrap.min.css' 28 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.StaticFiles.StaticFileMiddleware|Sending file. Request path: '/lib/jquery/dist/jquery.min.js'. Physical path: 'D:\nlog\NLog.Web\examples\ASP.NET Core 3\ASP.NET Core 3 - VS2019\wwwroot\lib\jquery\dist\jquery.min.js' 29 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 50.937400000000004ms 200 application/javascript 30 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 70.65100000000001ms 200 text/css 31 2019-10-14 23:15:11.6853|2|INFO|Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting.Diagnostics|Request finished in 71.51610000000001ms 200 application/javascript
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