最簡單的 先把網頁的HTML程式碼爬取下來
from urllib.request import urlopen from urllib.request import Request #遇到反爬取可以新增模擬瀏覽器協議頭 headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'} #想要爬取的網站地址 url = "https://www.zhihu.com/" req_timeout=5 #設定req_timeout防止url不可訪問，或者響應速度太慢而造成的時間浪費。 req=Request(url=url,headers=headers) f=urlopen(req,None,req_timeout) s=f.read() s=s.decode('utf-8')# 防止爬取的頁面中文出現亂碼 ss=str(s) print(ss)
遇到的問題：
1.大部分網站會有發爬取措施 所以我們需要新增一段程式碼：
headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US; rv:1.9.1.6) Gecko/20091201 Firefox/3.5.6'}
這個是新增模擬瀏覽器協議頭，可以解決這個問題。自己親測百度知乎都可以用這個方法爬取下來HTML程式碼
2.爬取的程式碼中有亂碼
s=s.decode('utf-8')
使用這個方法可以解決
3.輸出結果需要str型別
將其轉換成str型別
上面程式碼結果（爬取知乎首頁程式碼）：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="zh-CN" class=""> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /> <meta http-equiv="X-ZA-Response-Id" content="1b244bb1a32b4315"> <meta http-equiv="X-ZA-Experiment" content="default:None,ge3:ge3_9,ge2:ge2_1,nweb_sticky_sidebar:sticky,live_review_buy_bar:live_review_buy_bar_2,is_office:false,home_ui2:default,is_show_unicom_free_entry:unicom_free_entry_off,app_store_rate_dialog:close,qa_sticky_sidebar:sticky_sidebar,android_profile_panel:panel_b,live_store:ls_a2_b2_c1_f2,search_hybrid_tabs:without-tabs,answer_related_readings:qa_recommend_with_ads_and_article,asdfadsf:asdfad,new_mobile_column_appheader:new_header,fav_act:default,remix_one_key_play_button:headerButton,mobile_qa_page_proxy_heifetz:m_qa_page_nweb,nweb_write_answer:default,android_pass_through_push:getui,new_more:new,new_buy_bar:livenewbuy3,zcm-lighting:zcm,iOS_newest_version:4.2.0,qrcode_login:qrcode,wechat_share_modal:wechat_share_modal_show"> <meta name="renderer" content="webkit" /> <meta name="description" content="中文網際網路最大的知識平臺，幫助人們便捷地分享彼此的知識、經驗和見解。"/> <meta name="viewport" content="user-scalable=no, width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0"/> <title>知乎 - 發現更大的世界</title> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/revved/img/ios/touch-icon-152.87c020b9.png" sizes="152x152"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/revved/img/ios/touch-icon-120.496c913b.png" sizes="120x120"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/revved/img/ios/touch-icon-76.dcf79352.png" sizes="76x76"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/revved/img/ios/touch-icon-60.9911cffb.png" sizes="60x60"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="p1.zhimg.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="p2.zhimg.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="p3.zhimg.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="p4.zhimg.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="comet.zhihu.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="static.zhihu.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="upload.zhihu.com"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/revved/-/css/pages/unlogin-index/main.f214513a.css"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="FTeR0c8arOPKh8c5DYh_9uu98_zJbaWw53J-Sch9MTg" /> <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="KPFppAFoYF4Kkdv9" /> <meta property="qc:admins" content="00544670776201056375" /> <link rel="canonical" href="http://www.zhihu.com" /> <meta id="znonce" name="znonce" content="d5e581328572473aad8501685dae174f"> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <script src="https://static.zhihu.com/static/components/respond/dest/respond.min.js"></script> <link href="https://static.zhihu.com/static/components/respond/cross-domain/respond-proxy.html" id="respond-proxy" rel="respond-proxy" /> <link href="/static/components/respond/cross-domain/respond.proxy.gif" 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