關於在不同版本和平臺之間進行還原或複製的常見問題

Frequently Asked Questions about Restoring Or Duplicating Between Different Versions And Platforms (文件 ID 369644.1)

Changing between 32-bit and 64-bit Word Sizes (文件 ID 62290.1)

SCOPE & APPLICATION
-------------------

This document is created to provide all the details for changing word size from
32bit to 64bit. This document is a "cut/paste" of applicable sections from the 
Oracle9i Database Migration guide (A96530-02), to quickly provide the needed 
details and steps to change the word-size. 

This note is applicable to Oracle 8.0.x, Oracle8i, Oracle9i and Oracle10g.

LIMITATIONS OF USE
------------------
This note is not applicable for:

- databases having JVM installed in an Oracle8i environment, or 
- Oracle Applications installed in an Oracle8i environment
- databases using native compilation.  This assumes that PL/SQL is set to interpreted.
 
To migrate these types of database, please check Note:183649.1 CHANGING WORD-SIZE
------------------
You can change the word-size of your Oracle database server during a migration,
upgrade, or downgrade operation. A change in word-size includes the following 
scenarios: 

You have 32-bit Oracle software installed on 64-bit hardware and want to 
change to 64-bit Oracle software. 

You have 64-bit Oracle software installed on 64-bit hardware and want to 
change to 32-bit Oracle software. 

If you are changing word-size during a migration, upgrade, or downgrade 
operation then no additional action is required. The word-size is changed 
automatically during any of these operations. However, if you want to change 
the word-size within the same major release, then follow the instructions in
"Changing the Word-Size of Your Current Release" below. For example, if you 
have the 32-bit version of Oracle release 9.0.1 and you want to switch to the
64-bit version of Oracle release 9.0.1, then you must complete this procedure. 
The following information applies if you are changing your 
hardware from 32-bit to 64-bit or from 64-bit to 32-bit: 

If you want to change your hardware wordsize, then you should be able to switch 
from 32-bit hardware to 64-bit hardware and still use your existing
32-bit Oracle software without encountering any problems, except on Linux
systems (32-bit Oracle on 64-bit Linux is not supported).  Always check to be
sure the combination is certified to run Oracle before proceeding with any 
changes.

If you want to change your hardware from 64-bit to 32-bit, then you 
must first change your Oracle software to 32-bit software before
changing your hardware wordsize. 

The on-disk format for database data, redo, and undo is identical for the 
32-bit and 64-bit installations of Oracle. The only internal structural 
differences between the 32-bit and 64-bit Oracle installations are the 
following: 

The compiled format of PL/SQL is different. The instructions for how and 
when to recompile PL/SQL are provided in the appropriate chapters of
the Migration book. The storage format of user-defined types is based on the 
release of Oracle that created the database. The existing storage format will 
be converted to the correct format transparently when necessary. User-defined 
types include object types, REFs, varrays, and nested tables.

Note: For Oracle 9.2 

In the first release of the migration guide it is said that changing the 
wordsize during upgrade or migration is not supported.  This is incorrect
a documentation bug has been logged for this.  Bug 2590998 explains the
error in the documentation.  This has been fixed in the second release of 
Oracle 9I release 2 (9.2) Migration guide where it is correctly written
that changing wordsize during the migration or the upgrade is supported.

It is recomended to apply the latest patchset BEFORE the wordsize conversion.
This would avoid some bugs and also some steps in this note during the wordsize
conversion, like Bug:1867501 and Bug:1926809.

CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE PROCEEDING WITH THE ACTIONS BELOW
-------------------------------------------------------
1) It is necessary to reload OLAP when converting word size due to its dependency 
on plsql as documented in Note 386990.1. 

2) Normally an upgrade to a newer release will automatically take care of
a word size change from 32-bit to 64-bit. However, upgrading 10gR1 to 10gR2 is 
an exception.

Please refer to
Oracle Database Upgrade Guide
10g Release 2 (10.2)
Part Number B14238-01
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14238/intro.htm#i1008703

Converting Databases to 64-bit Oracle Database Software

If you are installing 64-bit Oracle Database 10g software but were previously 
using a 32-bit Oracle Database installation, then the databases will automatically 
be converted to 64-bit during the upgrade to Oracle Database 10g except when 
upgrading from Release 1 (10.1) to Release 2 (10.2).

Note:
The process is not automatic for the release 1 to release 2 upgrade, but is 
automatic for all other upgrades. This is because the utlip.sql script is not 
run during the release 1 to release 2 upgrade to invalidate all PL/SQL objects. 
You must run the utlip.sql script with the database in UPGRADE / MIGRATE mode 
as the last step in the release 10.1 environment, before upgrading to 
release 10.2.

3) Bug 5079213: ORA-6544 [56319] DURING UPGRADE FROM 10.1.0.5 32BIT TO 10.2.0.2 64BIT
 -- For patch upgrades that are changing word size, utlip.sql must be run 
    manually as it is not automatically run as part of the upgrade.

CHANGING THE WORD-SIZE OF YOUR CURRENT RELEASE
----------------------------------------------

The instructions in this section guide you through changing the word-size of 
your current release (switching from 32-bit software to 64-bit software or
vice versa). 

Complete the following steps to change the word-size of your current release: 

1. Start SQL*Plus. 

2. Connect to the database instance AS SYSDBA. 

3. Run SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE on the database: 

   SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

   Issue the command for all instances if you are running Oracle Parallel
   Server.

=============================================================================
   Note: 

   NCHAR columns in user tables are not changed during the upgrade. 
   To change NCHAR columns in user tables, see "Upgrade User NCHAR 
   Columns" in the Migration guide.  

=============================================================================

4. Perform a full backup of the database (optional, but highly recommended)

   See Also: 

   Oracle9i User-Managed Backup and Recovery Guide for more information.  

5. If you are using the same Oracle home for your current release and the 
   release to which you are switching, then deinstall your current release
   using the Oracle Installer. You do not need to deinstall your current 
   release if you are using separate Oracle home directories. 

6. If you currently have a 32-bit installation, then install the 64-bit 
   version of the same release. Or, if you currently have a 64-bit 
   installation, then install the 32-bit version of the same release. 

=============================================================================
   Note: 

   Installation and deinstallation are operating system-specific. For
   installation and deinstallation instructions, see your
   Oracle9i operating system-specific installation documentation and 
   the Oracle9i README for your operating system. 

   Installation documentation can also be found at technet.oracle.com
 
=============================================================================

7. Copy configuration files to a location outside of the old Oracle home: 

   a. If your initialization parameter file resides within the old 
      environment's Oracle home, then copy it to a location outside of the 
      old environment's Oracle home. The initialization parameter file can 
      reside anywhere you wish, but it should not reside in the old
      environment's Oracle home after you switch to the new release. 

   b. If your initialization parameter file has an IFILE (include file) 
      entry and the file specified in the IFILE entry resides within the 
      old environment's Oracle home, then copy the file specified by the 
      IFILE entry to a location outside of the old environment's Oracle 
      home.  The file specified in the IFILE entry has additional 
      initialization parameters. After you copy this file, edit the IFILE 
      entry in the initialization parameter file to point to its new 
      location. 

   c. If you have a password file that resides within the old Oracle home, 
      then move or copy the password file to the Oracle9i Oracle home.
      The name and location of the password file are operating 
      system-specific; for example, on UNIX operating systems, the default
      password file is ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwsid, but on Windows platforms, 
      the default password file is ORACLE_HOME\database\pwdsid.ora. 
      In both cases, sid is your Oracle instance ID. 

=============================================================================
      Note: 

      For Oracle9i Real Application Clusters, perform this step on 
      all nodes. Also, if your initdb_name.ora file resides within 
      the old environment's Oracle home, then move or copy the 
      initdb_name.ora file to a location outside of the old 
      environment's Oracle home.  

=============================================================================

8. Change your environment to point at the new 64Bit ORACLE_HOME.

     Note: Check with platform specific documentation if other env variables 
           need to be changed e.g. LD_LIBRARY_PATH 

9. If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or Oracle9i 9.0.x database
   then please make the following changes in the 64-bit ORACLE_HOME/dbs 
   init$ORACLE_SID.ora file to prepare for the wordsize change:

    aq_tm_processes=0    
    job_queue_processes=0
    _system_trig_enabled= false

    Changing the first two parameters will avoid the problems detailed in 
    Bug 1421476 and Bug 1816609

    The last parameter should be set to FALSE for scripts which perform 
    dictionary operations as the objects on which the triggers depend may 
    become invalid or be dropped, causing the triggers to fail and thus 
    preventing the scripts from running successfully. 

    See note 149948.1 'IMPORTANT: Set "_SYSTEM_TRIG_ENABLED=FALSE" When 
    Upgrading / Downgrading / Applying Patch Sets' for more info.

   If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle9i 9.2.0.x or Oracle10g
   database, go to step 10.

10. When changing wordsize from a 32-bit Oracle version to a 64-bit Oracle
    version, Oracle recommends doubling the size of parameters such as:

    SHARED_POOL_SIZE
    SHARED_POOL_RESERVED_SIZE
    LARGE_POOL_SIZE

    This is mainly due to an increase in the size of internal data structures.
    For an in-depth explanation of this, please see note 209766.1
    'Memory Requirements of Databases Migrated from 32-bit to 64-bit'

11. At a system prompt, change to the ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin directory. 

12. Start SQL*Plus. 

13. Connect to the database instance AS SYSDBA. 

14. If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or Oracle9i 9.0.x database,
    run STARTUP RESTRICT: 

    SQL> STARTUP RESTRICT

    You may need to use the PFILE option to specify the location of your 
    initialization parameter file. 

    If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle9i 9.2.0.x database, run STARTUP MIGRATE:

    SQL> STARTUP MIGRATE

    If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle10g database, run STARTUP UPGRADE:

    SQL> STARTUP UPGRADE

15. Set the system to spool results to a log file for later verification of 
    success: 

    SQL> SPOOL catoutw.log

    If you want to see the output of the script you will run on your screen, 
    then you can also issue a SET ECHO ON statement: 

    SQL> SET ECHO ON


16. Run utlirp.sql: 

    SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlirp.sql

    The utlirp.sql script recompiles existing PL/SQL modules in the format 
    required by the new database. If the version does not include a call to 
    utlrp, then you must manually run utlrp.sql to recompile invalid objects.
    This script first alters certain dictionary tables. Then, it reloads 
    package STANDARD and DBMS_STANDARD, which are necessary for using PL/SQL. 
    Finally, it triggers a recompile of all PL/SQL modules, such as packages, 
    procedures, types, and so on. 

   ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
   Additional Actions for Java:

When migrating a database from 32 to 64bit (or vice versa) additional actions
are required for java.  In theory the format of java shared data objects (SRO)
is not compatible between 32 and 64 bit and so these objects need to be dropped
and regenerated.  In practice it may be the case prior to release 11 such
objects could interoperate but if so this would only be by chance and should
not be relied upon.

The steps to do the regeneration are as follows.  These should be done
immediately before running utlirp.  They may take several minutes to complete.
They must be done connected as SYS.

begin
  update obj$ set status=5 where obj#=(select obj# from obj$,javasnm$ 
    where owner#=0 and type#=29 and short(+)=name and 
    nvl(longdbcs,name)='oracle/aurora/rdbms/Compiler');
  commit;
  declare
    cursor C1 is select
       'DROP JAVA DATA "' || u.name || '"."' || o.name || '"'
       from obj$ o,user$ u where o.type#=56 and u.user#=o.owner#;
  
    ddl_statement varchar2(200);
    iterations number;
    previous_iterations number;
    loop_count number;
    my_err     number;
  begin
    previous_iterations := 10000000;
    loop
      -- To make sure we eventually stop, pick a max number of iterations
      select count(*) into iterations from obj$ where type#=56;
      exit when iterations=0 or iterations >= previous_iterations;
      previous_iterations := iterations;
      loop_count := 0;
      open C1;
      loop
        begin
          fetch C1 into ddl_statement;
          exit when C1%NOTFOUND or loop_count > iterations;
        exception when others then
           my_err := sqlcode;
           if my_err = -1555 then -- snapshot too old, re-execute fetch query
             exit;
           else
             raise;
           end if;
        end;
        initjvmaux.exec(ddl_statement);
        loop_count := loop_count + 1;
      end loop;
      close C1;
    end loop;
  end;
  commit;
  initjvmaux.drp('delete from java$policy$shared$table');
  update obj$ set status=1 where obj#=(select obj# from obj$,javasnm$ 
    where owner#=0 and type#=29 and short(+)=name and 
    nvl(longdbcs,name)='oracle/aurora/rdbms/Compiler');
  commit;
end;
/

create or replace java system
/


   ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


17. Locate the version you are migrating from below, and execute the appropriate
    script:

    - If you are migrating an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or Oracle 9i 9.0.x database,
    run the following script:

    SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql

    - If you are migrating an Oracle9i 9.2.0.x database, run the following 
    script:

    SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catpatch.sql

    - If you are migrating an Oracle10g 10.1.0.x or 10.2.0.x database, run the 
    following script:

    SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql

=============================================================================

    Note: 

    If the patchset level is not being changed (for example, you are
    migrating a 9.2.0.8 32-bit database to 9.2.0.8 64-bit) then there is no
    need to run the $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catpatch.sql script or the
    $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql script because the data dictionary 
    is already at the correct level.

=============================================================================

18. Check the validity of the DBMS_STANDARD package:

    SQL> select status from dba_objects
    where object_name='DBMS_STANDARD'
    and object_type='PACKAGE'
    and owner='SYS';

19. If the package is invalid, recompile it:

    SQL> alter package dbms_standard compile;

20. If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or Oracle 9i 9.0.x database,
    run the following script:

    SQL> @$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql

    If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle9i 9.2.0.x or Oracle10g  database, no other
    script needs to be run.

21. Run the following SQL statement to check for invalid objects:

    SQL> select owner, object_name, object_type from dba_objects
    where status <> 'VALID';

22. Turn off the spooling of script results to the log file: 

    SQL> SPOOL OFF

    Then, check the spool file and verify that the packages and procedures 
    compiled successfully. You named the spool file in Step 15; the suggested 
    name was catoutw.log. Correct any problems you find in this file (for
    example, compile any invalid objects)

    If you specified SET ECHO ON, then you may want to SET ECHO OFF now: 

    SQL> SET ECHO OFF

23. If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or Oracle9i 9.0.x database,
    disable the restriction on sessions: 

    SQL> ALTER SYSTEM DISABLE RESTRICTED SESSION;

24. Shutdown the database. If you are changing the wordsize of an Oracle 8.0, Oracle8i or 
    Oracle9i 9.0.x database, remove the following parameter from init.ora

    aq_tm_processes=0
    job_queue_processes=0
    _system_trig_enabled=false


The word-size of your database is now changed. 

You can open the database for normal use.

RELATED DOCUMENTS
----------------- Note:214242.1 ORA-600 [17069] while running utlirp.sql converting to 8.1.7.4 64-Bit Note 565773.1 Invalid Objects After Removing OLAP or Migration of a  Database to 64 Bit Note 341880.1 How to Convert a 32-bit Database to 64-bit Database on Linux Note 752986.1 Database Migration With OS Upgrade On Windows Platform Note 757245.1 Can you / How to Upgrade RDBMS and Convert From 32-bit to 64-bit Binaries Directly on Linux or Windows based Intel Platforms Using the Database Upgrade Assistant (DBUA) Note 548978.1 How To Change Oracle 11g Wordsize from 32-bit to 64-bit.

Bug 5079213: ORA-6544 [56319] DURING UPGRADE FROM 10.1.0.5 32BIT TO 10.2.0.2 64BIT
 -- For patch upgrades that are changing word size, utlip.sql must be run 
    manually as it is not automatically run as part of the upgrade.

Oracle 9i Database Migration Release 2 (9.2) Part Number A96530-01 (HTML) -
   http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B10501_01/server.920/a96530/toc.htm

Oracle 9i Database Migration Release 1 (9.0.1) Part Number A90191-02 (HTML) -
   http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A91202_01/901_doc/server.901/a90191/toc.htm

Oracle8i Migration Release 3 (8.1.7) Part Number A86632-01 (HTML) -
   http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A87860_01/doc/server.817/a86632/toc.htm

Oracle8 Migration Release 8.0 Part Number A58243-01 (HTML) -
   http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/A64702_01/doc/server.805/a58243/toc.htm

Oracle Documentation Master Index -
   http://www.oracle.com/technology/documentation/index.html


Modificaton History
--------------------
18-Nov-2004: Added affected product versions in header and documentation links.
06-Oct-2006: Updated this note for Oracle10g
25-Jul-2007: Updated this note to state that utlirp.sql needs to be run first 

REFERENCES

RMAN DUPLICATE/RESTORE/RECOVER Mixed Platform Support (文件 ID 1079563.1)

In this Document

APPLIES TO:

ABSTRACT

This note covers RMAN DUPLICATE, RESTORE, and RECOVER mixed platform support.

HISTORY

 Author: Tim Chien
 Create Date 31-MAR-2010 
 Update Date 09-JUN-2010

DETAILS

For Oracle Database 10g Release 2 and above releases:

Solaris x86-64 <-> Linux x86-64

HP-PA <-> HP-IA

Windows IA (64-bit) / Windows (64-bit Itanium) <-> Windows 64-bit for AMD / Windows (x86-64)

For Oracle Database 11g Release 1 and above releases (requires minimum 11.1 compatible setting):

Linux <-> Windows

For Oracle Database 12g Release 2 and above releases: 

New functionality with RMAN backup "for transport" allows transport with backupsets.  See the following for details:

Steps to Transport a Database to a Different Platform Using Backup Sets in Chapter 28 of the Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide:
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/rcmxplat.htm#BRADV724

12c How Perform Cross-Platform Database Transport to different Endian Platform with RMAN Backup Sets (Note 2013271.1)

REFERENCES

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