前言
本文主要是分類的方式將geth的命令列引數，屬性進行介紹和解釋，如有翻譯，理解上的偏差歡迎討論交流。
總覽
$ geth help
NAME:
geth - the go-ethereum command line interface
Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors
USAGE:
geth [options] command [command options] [arguments...]
VERSION:
1.7.3-stable
COMMANDS:
account Manage accounts
attach Start an interactive JavaScript environment (connect to node)
bug opens a window to report a bug on the geth repo
console Start an interactive JavaScript environment
copydb Create a local chain from a target chaindata folder
dump Dump a specific block from storage
dumpconfig Show configuration values
export Export blockchain into file
import Import a blockchain file
init Bootstrap and initialize a new genesis block
js Execute the specified JavaScript files
license Display license information
makecache Generate ethash verification cache (for testing)
makedag Generate ethash mining DAG (for testing)
monitor Monitor and visualize node metrics
removedb Remove blockchain and state databases
version Print version numbers
wallet Manage Ethereum presale wallets
help, h Shows a list of commands or help for one command
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML configuration file
--datadir "/home/karalabe/.ethereum" Data directory for the databases and keystore
--keystore Directory for the keystore (default = inside the datadir)
--nousb Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
--networkid value Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
--testnet Ropsten network: pre-configured proof-of-work test network
--rinkeby Rinkeby network: pre-configured proof-of-authority test network
--syncmode "fast" Blockchain sync mode ("fast", "full", or "light")
--ethstats value Reporting URL of a ethstats service (nodename:secret@host:port)
--identity value Custom node name
--lightserv value Maximum percentage of time allowed for serving LES requests (0-90) (default: 0)
--lightpeers value Maximum number of LES client peers (default: 20)
--lightkdf Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev Ephemeral proof-of-authority network with a pre-funded developer account, mining enabled
--dev.period value Block period to use in developer mode (0 = mine only if transaction pending) (default: 0)
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir Directory to store the ethash verification caches (default = inside the datadir)
--ethash.cachesinmem value Number of recent ethash caches to keep in memory (16MB each) (default: 2)
--ethash.cachesondisk value Number of recent ethash caches to keep on disk (16MB each) (default: 3)
--ethash.dagdir "/home/karalabe/.ethash" Directory to store the ethash mining DAGs (default = inside home folder)
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.nolocals Disables price exemptions for locally submitted transactions
--txpool.journal value Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value Maximum amount of time non-executable transaction are queued (default: 3h0m0s)
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value Megabytes of memory allocated to internal caching (min 16MB / database forced) (default: 128)
--trie-cache-gens value Number of trie node generations to keep in memory (default: 120)
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value Comma separated list of accounts to unlock
--password value Password file to use for non-interactive password input
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--rpc Enable the HTTP-RPC server
--rpcaddr value HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--rpcport value HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8545)
--rpcapi value API's offered over the HTTP-RPC interface
--ws Enable the WS-RPC server
--wsaddr value WS-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
--wsport value WS-RPC server listening port (default: 8546)
--wsapi value API's offered over the WS-RPC interface
--wsorigins value Origins from which to accept websockets requests
--ipcdisable Disable the IPC-RPC server
--ipcpath Filename for IPC socket/pipe within the datadir (explicit paths escape it)
--rpccorsdomain value Comma separated list of domains from which to accept cross origin requests (browser enforced)
--jspath loadScript JavaScript root path for loadScript (default: ".")
--exec value Execute JavaScript statement
--preload value Comma separated list of JavaScript files to preload into the console
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
--bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
--bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
--port value Network listening port (default: 30303)
--maxpeers value Maximum number of network peers (network disabled if set to 0) (default: 25)
--maxpendpeers value Maximum number of pending connection attempts (defaults used if set to 0) (default: 0)
--nat value NAT port mapping mechanism (any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (default: "any")
--nodiscover Disables the peer discovery mechanism (manual peer addition)
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value P2P node key file
--nodekeyhex value P2P node key as hex (for testing)
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine Enable mining
--minerthreads value Number of CPU threads to use for mining (default: 8)
--etherbase value Public address for block mining rewards (default = first account created) (default: "0")
--targetgaslimit value Target gas limit sets the artificial target gas floor for the blocks to mine (default: 4712388)
--gasprice "18000000000" Minimal gas price to accept for mining a transactions
--extradata value Block extra data set by the miner (default = client version)
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpoblocks value Number of recent blocks to check for gas prices (default: 10)
--gpopercentile value Suggested gas price is the given percentile of a set of recent transaction gas prices (default: 50)
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug Record information useful for VM and contract debugging
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--metrics Enable metrics collection and reporting
--fakepow Disables proof-of-work verification
--nocompaction Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value Logging verbosity: 0=silent, 1=error, 2=warn, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=detail (default: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
--debug Prepends log messages with call-site location (file and line number)
--pprof Enable the pprof HTTP server
--pprofaddr value pprof HTTP server listening interface (default: "127.0.0.1")
--pprofport value pprof HTTP server listening port (default: 6060)
--memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
--blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
--cpuprofile value Write CPU profile to the given file
--trace value Write execution trace to the given file
WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS:
--shh Enable Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value Max message size accepted (default: 1048576)
--shh.pow value Minimum POW accepted (default: 0.2)
DEPRECATED OPTIONS:
--fast Enable fast syncing through state downloads
--light Enable light client mode
MISC OPTIONS:
--help, -h show help
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors
複製程式碼命令
account 管理賬戶
attach 啟動一個互動式的JavaScript環境，（通過連線到遠端節點）
bug 開啟一個視窗來反饋bug
console 啟動一個互動式的JavaScript環境
copydb 複製一個datadir，需要指定另一個datadir的路徑
dump 從區塊鏈上dump指定的區塊
dumpconfig 顯示配置資訊
export 匯出區塊資訊到檔案
import 從檔案匯入區塊資訊
init 初始化一個新的創世區塊
js 執行指定的js檔案
license 顯示license資訊
makecache 生成 ethash驗證資訊快取?(用於測試)
makedag 生成ethash挖礦DAG(用於測試)
monitor 監控，顯示節點指標
removedb 刪除區塊鏈和狀態資料庫
version 列印版本號
wallet 管理以太坊錢包
help, h 顯示所有的命令，和幫助資訊
複製程式碼以太坊選項
ETHEREUM OPTIONS:
--config value TOML 配置檔案
--datadir "/home/karalabe/.ethereum" 制定datadir位置
--keystore 制定keystore位置(預設在datadir裡面)
--nousb 關閉監控usb錢包
--networkid value 網路識別符號(數字，1=Frontier, 2=Morden (沒有使用), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby)(預設: 1)
--testnet 測試網路: 預設為工作量證明模式的測試網路
--rinkeby 測試網路: 預設為權益證明模式的測試網路
--syncmode "fast" 區塊同步模式（'fast','full',"light"）
--ethstats value ethstats伺服器的URL(nodename:secret@host:port)
--identity value 自定義節點名稱
--lightserv value 最大允許的輕量級節點服務百分比 requests (0-90) (default: 0)
--lightpeers value 最多允許接入的輕量級節點數量（預設：20
--lightkdf 減少祕鑰生成時 記憶體和cup的使用量?
複製程式碼開發者選項
DEVELOPER CHAIN OPTIONS:
--dev 啟動一個 權益證明 方式的網路，預先存一筆錢到開發者賬戶，並且啟動挖礦
--dev.period value 區塊處理時間?，在開發模式下（0=事務被處理時挖礦） (預設: 0)
複製程式碼ETHASH演算法相關選項
部分我也瞭解的不清楚的，以後再翻譯，或你們指導下我。
ETHASH OPTIONS:
--ethash.cachedir 儲存ethash驗證快取的目錄（目錄：在datadir裡面
--ethash.cachesinmem value ethash 儲存在記憶體中的數量，每16mb（預設2）
--ethash.cachesondisk value 快取在磁碟的ethash caches的百分比(預設: 3)
--ethash.dagdir "/home/karalabe/.ethash" 儲存ethash挖礦DAG的目錄地址，預設（home目錄）
--ethash.dagsinmem value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep in memory (1+GB each) (default: 1)
--ethash.dagsondisk value Number of recent ethash mining DAGs to keep on disk (1+GB each) (default: 2)
複製程式碼事務池相關選項
TRANSACTION POOL OPTIONS:
--txpool.nolocals 禁止對於本地提交的交易的價格豁免
--txpool.journal value 本地事務磁碟日誌（用於磁碟重啟?）Disk journal for local transaction to survive node restarts (default: "transactions.rlp")
--txpool.rejournal value Time interval to regenerate the local transaction journal (default: 1h0m0s)
--txpool.pricelimit value Minimum gas price limit to enforce for acceptance into the pool (default: 1)
--txpool.pricebump value Price bump percentage to replace an already existing transaction (default: 10)
--txpool.accountslots value Minimum number of executable transaction slots guaranteed per account (default: 16)
--txpool.globalslots value Maximum number of executable transaction slots for all accounts (default: 4096)
--txpool.accountqueue value Maximum number of non-executable transaction slots permitted per account (default: 64)
--txpool.globalqueue value 所有賬戶最大非執行事務槽數量 (預設: 1024)
--txpool.lifetime value 最大非執行的事務佇列時間總量 (預設: 3h0m0s)
複製程式碼效能調優選項
PERFORMANCE TUNING OPTIONS:
--cache value 分配多少給內部快取（兆位元組） (最小 16MB / 資料庫要求) (預設: 128)
--trie-cache-gens value 儲存在記憶體中的 trie node數量 (預設: 120)
複製程式碼賬戶相關選項
ACCOUNT OPTIONS:
--unlock value 賬戶解鎖，只有這個引數需要互動式輸入密碼
--password value 賬戶的密碼，非互動式輸入
複製程式碼控制檯API相關選項
API AND CONSOLE OPTIONS:
--rpc 啟動http-rpc 服務
--rpcaddr value http rpc 位於哪一個地址（ip） (預設: "localhost")
--rpcport value http rpc 位於哪一個埠 (預設: 8545)
--rpcapi value HTTP-RPC 提供哪些服務（可選：personal,db,eth,net,web3等）
--ws 啟動 WS-RPC 服務
--wsaddr value WS-RPC 位於哪一個地址（ip） (預設: "localhost")
--wsport value WS-RPC 位於哪一個埠 (預設: 8546)
--wsapi value API's 提供哪些服務（可選：personal,db,eth,net,web3等）
--wsorigins value 允許哪些域可以以訪問websockts服務
--ipcdisable 禁止 IPC-RPC 服務（windows多節點可選）
--ipcpath ipc服務 檔案/管道地址 (轉譯後的)
--rpccorsdomain value prc服務允許的跨域訪問的地址。
--jspath loadScript 執行本地js檔案的路徑 （預設 .）
--exec value 執行JavaScript
--preload value 預載入到控制檯的JavaScript檔案列表(逗號分隔)
複製程式碼網路相關選項
NETWORKING OPTIONS:
--bootnodes value 用於P2P發現引導的節點（啟動節點），用逗號隔開(輕量級服務使用v4+v5代替) Comma separated enode URLs for P2P discovery bootstrap (set v4+v5 instead for light servers)
--bootnodesv4 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v4 discovery bootstrap (light server, full nodes)
--bootnodesv5 value Comma separated enode URLs for P2P v5 discovery bootstrap (light server, light nodes)
--port value 網路監聽埠 (預設: 30303)
--maxpeers value 最大節點數（設定為0時，網路被禁用）預設25
--maxpendpeers value 最大連線節點數，預設0
--nat value NAT埠對映機制(any|none|upnp|pmp|extip:<IP>) (預設: "any")
--nodiscover 禁止節點發現機制（手工新增）
--v5disc Enables the experimental RLPx V5 (Topic Discovery) mechanism
--netrestrict value Restricts network communication to the given IP networks (CIDR masks)
--nodekey value P2P 節點 祕鑰檔案
--nodekeyhex value 十六進位制的P2P節點金鑰(用於測試)
複製程式碼挖礦相關選項
MINER OPTIONS:
--mine 啟動挖礦
--minerthreads value 挖礦時啟動的CPU執行緒數量(預設：8)
--etherbase value 挖礦獎勵賬戶（預設account[0]）無賬號時預設0
--targetgaslimit value gas限制，低於該值的事務無法被記錄 (預設：4712388)
--gasprice "18000000000" 挖礦接受交易的最低gas價格
--extradata value 礦工對區塊設定的擴充套件資料內容，預設客戶端版本號
複製程式碼GAS價格相關選項
GAS PRICE ORACLE OPTIONS:
--gpoblocks value 通過最近的塊數量來計算gas價格 (預設: 10)
--gpopercentile value 參考近期交易區塊gas價格的百分比來計算gas價格 (預設: 50)
複製程式碼虛擬機器相關選項
VIRTUAL MACHINE OPTIONS:
--vmdebug 記錄VM和合約相關的debug資訊
複製程式碼日誌和除錯相關選項
LOGGING AND DEBUGGING OPTIONS:
--metrics 啟動指標收集和報告
--fakepow 關閉POW工作量證明驗證
--nocompaction 輸入框匯入後禁止壓縮? Disables db compaction after import
--verbosity value 日誌等級 0=安靜, 1=錯誤, 2=警告, 3=info, 4=debug, 5=詳細 (預設: 3)
--vmodule value Per-module verbosity: comma-separated list of <pattern>=<level> (e.g. eth/*=5,p2p=4)
--backtrace value Request a stack trace at a specific logging statement (e.g. "block.go:271")
--debug 突出顯示呼叫位置日誌(檔名及行號)
--pprof 啟動pprof http服務（一種go語言的除錯伺服器）
--pprofaddr value pprof HTTP 服務監聽ip (預設: "127.0.0.1")
--pprofport value pprof HTTP 服務監聽埠 (預設: 6060)
--memprofilerate value Turn on memory profiling with the given rate (default: 524288)
--blockprofilerate value Turn on block profiling with the given rate (default: 0)
--cpuprofile value 將cpuWrite CPU profile to the given file
--trace value 將錯誤資訊寫給定的檔案中
複製程式碼WHISPER相關選項
WHISPER 是一種資訊檢索協議，它允許節點間直接以一種安全的形式互發資訊，並對第三方組織窺探者隱藏傳送者和接收者的資訊。 引用：
WHISPER (EXPERIMENTAL) OPTIONS:
--shh 啟動 Whisper
--shh.maxmessagesize value 最大接收的訊息大小 (預設: 1048576)
--shh.pow value 可接受的最小的POW (預設值: 0.2)
複製程式碼被棄用的選項
DEPRECATED OPTIONS:
--fast 開啟快速同步
--light 啟用輕客戶端模式
複製程式碼幫助和版權
MISC OPTIONS:
--help, -h 顯示幫助
COPYRIGHT:
Copyright 2013-2017 The go-ethereum Authors
複製程式碼參考了http://www.h3399.cn/201711/201789.html的翻譯內容，加上自己的一些理解，無法做到信雅達，但求多交流指正。