很多文章將Binder框架定義了四個角色:Server,Client,ServiceManager、以及Binder驅動,但這容易將人引導到歧途:好像所有的Binder服務都需要去ServiceManager去註冊才能使用,其實不是這樣。例如,平時APP開發通過bindService啟動的服務,以及有些自己定義的AIDL遠端呼叫,都不一定都ServiceManager註冊這條路,個人理解:ServiceManager主要功能是:管理系統服務,比如AMS、WMS、PKMS服務等,而APP通過的bindService啟動的Binder服務其實是由SystemServer的ActivityManagerService負責管理。這篇主要關注Android APP Java層Binder通訊一些奇葩點:
- ServiceManager addService的限制(並非服務都能使用ServiceManager的addService)
- bindService啟動Service與Binder服務實體的流程
- Java層Binder實體與與BinderProxy是如何例項化及使用的,與Native層的關係是怎樣的
- Parcel readStrongBinder與writeStrongBinder的原理(首先兩端知曉)
ServiceManager addService的限制--並非服務都能通過addService新增到ServiceManager
ServiceManager其實主要的物件導向是系統服務,大部分系統服務都是由SystemServer程式總新增到ServiceManager中去的,在通過ServiceManager新增服務的時候,是有些許可權校驗的,原始碼如下:
int svc_can_register(unsigned uid, uint16_t *name)
{
unsigned n;
// 誰有許可權add_service 0程式,或者 AID_SYSTEM程式
if ((uid == 0) || (uid == AID_SYSTEM))
return 1;
for (n = 0; n < sizeof(allowed) / sizeof(allowed[0]); n++)
if ((uid == allowed[n].uid) && str16eq(name, allowed[n].name))
return 1;
return 0;
}複製程式碼
可以看到 (uid == 0) 或者 (uid == AID_SYSTEM)的程式都是可以新增服務的,uid=0,代表root使用者,而uid=AID_SYSTEM,代表系統使用者 。或者是一些特殊的配置程式。SystemServer程式在被Zygote建立的時候,就被分配了UID 是AID_SYSTEM(1000),
private static boolean startSystemServer()
throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
/* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */
String args[] = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007",
"--capabilities=130104352,130104352",
"--runtime-init",
"--nice-name=system_server",
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};複製程式碼
Android每個APP的UID,都是不同的,用了Linux的UID那一套,但是沒完全沿用,這裡不探討,總之,普通的程式是沒有許可權註冊到ServiceManager中的,那麼APP平時通過bindService啟動的服務怎麼註冊於查詢的呢?接管這個任務的就是SystemServer的ActivityManagerService。
bindService啟動Service與Binder服務實體的流程 (ActivityManagerService)
- bindService的框架
- binder服務例項化與轉化
- 業務邏輯的喚醒
- 請求代理的轉化與喚醒
bindService比startService多了一套Binder通訊,其餘的流程基本相同,而startService的流程,同startActivity差不多,四大元件的啟動流程這裡不做分析點,主要看bindService中C/S通訊的建立流程,在這個流程裡面,APP與服務端互為C/S的特性更明顯,在APP開發的時候,binder服務是通過Service來啟動的。Service的啟動方式有兩種startService,與bindService,這裡只考慮後者,另外啟動的binder服務也分為兩種情況:第一種,client同server位於同一程式,可以看做內部服務,第二種,Client與Server跨程式,即使是位於同一個APP,第一桶可以不用AIDL來編寫,但是第二種必須通過AIDL實現跨程式通訊,看一個最簡單的AIDL例子,首先在定義一個aidl介面:
IMyAidlInterface.aidl
interface IMyAidlInterface {
void communicate(int count);
}
IMyAidlInterface.aidl定義了通訊的藉口,通過build之後,構建工具會自動為IMyAidlInterface.aidl生成一些輔助類,這些輔助類主要作用是生成Binder通訊協議框架,必須保證兩方通訊需要指令相同,才能解析通訊內容。天王蓋地虎,寶塔鎮河妖。Java層Binder的對應關係Binder與BinderProxy從這裡可以看出,binder採用了代理模式 stub與proxy對應,使用aidl實現的服務時候,Client如果想要獲得Binder實體的代理可以通過asInterface來處理,比如如果在同一程式就是實體,不在就新建代理物件
public interface IMyAidlInterface extends android.os.IInterface {
public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface {
private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface";
public Stub() {
this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR);
}
public static com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface))) {
return ((com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface) iin);
}
return new com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return this;
}
@Override
public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException {
switch (code) {
case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: {
reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR);
return true;
}
case TRANSACTION_communicate: {
data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
int _arg0;
_arg0 = data.readInt();
this.communicate(_arg0);
reply.writeNoException();
return true;
}
}
return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
}
private static class Proxy implements com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface {
private android.os.IBinder mRemote;
Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) {
mRemote = remote;
}
@Override
public android.os.IBinder asBinder() {
return mRemote;
}
public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() {
return DESCRIPTOR;
}
@Override
public void communicate(int count) throws android.os.RemoteException {
android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain();
try {
_data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR);
_data.writeInt(count);
mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_communicate, _data, _reply, 0);
_reply.readException();
} finally {
_reply.recycle();
_data.recycle();
}
}
}
static final int TRANSACTION_communicate = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0);
}
public void communicate(int count) throws android.os.RemoteException;
}複製程式碼
啟動Binder服務端封裝Service,之所以成為封裝Service,是因為Service對於Binder實體的最大作用是個作為新建服務的入口:
public class AidlService extends Service {
@Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return new BBinderService();
}
public class BBinderService extends IMyAidlInterface.Stub {
@Override
public void communicate(int count) throws RemoteException {
}
}
}複製程式碼
而啟動的入口:
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
...
void bind(){
Intent intent = createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(MainActivity.this, new Intent("com.snail.labaffinity.service.AidlService"));
bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) {
IMyAidlInterface iMyAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(iBinder);
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) {
}
}, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
}
}複製程式碼
以上四個部分就組成了AIDL跨程式服務的基本元件,現在從ActivitybindService入口開始分析:bindService大部分的流程與startActivity類似,其實都是通過AMS啟動元件,這裡只將一些不同的地方,Activity啟動只需要Intent就可以了,而Service的bind需要一個ServiceConnection物件,這個物件其實是為了AMS端在啟動Service後回撥用的,ServiceConnection是個介面,其例項在ContextImpl的:
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags,
UserHandle user) {
IServiceConnection sd;
if (conn == null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null");
}
if (mPackageInfo != null) {
sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(),
mMainThread.getHandler(), flags);
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context");
}
validateServiceIntent(service);
try {
IBinder token = getActivityToken();
if (token == null && (flags & BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null
&& mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion
< android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) {
flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY;
}
service.prepareToLeaveProcess();
int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service,
service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()),
sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier());
if (res < 0) {
throw new SecurityException(
"Not allowed to bind to service " + service);
}
return res != 0;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e);
}
}複製程式碼
mPackageInfo是一個LoadApk類,通過它的getServiceDispatcher獲得一個IServiceConnection物件,這個物件一個Binder實體,看一下具體原理
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c,
Context context, Handler handler, int flags) {
synchronized (mServices) {
LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null;
ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context);
if (map != null) {
sd = map.get(c);
}
if (sd == null) {
sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags);
if (map == null) {
map = new ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>();
mServices.put(context, map);
}
map.put(c, sd);
} else {
sd.validate(context, handler);
}
return sd.getIServiceConnection();
}
}複製程式碼
在LoadApk中IServiceConnection物件是通過context鍵值來儲存ServiceDispatcher物件,而ServiceDispatcher物件記憶體會有個InnerConnection物件,該物件就是getServiceDispatcher的返回物件。因此bindServiceCommon最終呼叫
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(x,x,x,x,x sd, x, x, x) 的時候,傳遞的引數sd其實就是一個InnerConnection物件,這是個Binder實體。但是,Binder.java中的Binder只是對native層BBinder的一個簡單封裝,真正的例項化還是通過JNI到native層去建立一個JavaBBinderHolder物件,並初始化gBinderOffsets,讓其能對映Java層Binder物件,而JavaBBinderHolder中又可以例項化BBinder的例項JavaBBinder,不過BBinder的例項化時機並不在這裡,而是在Parcel物件writeStrongBinder的時候,
static struct bindernative_offsets_t
{
// Class state.
jclass mClass;
jmethodID mExecTransact;
// Object state.
jfieldID mObject;
} gBinderOffsets;
static void android_os_Binder_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = new JavaBBinderHolder();
jbh->incStrong((void*)android_os_Binder_init);
env->SetIntField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject, (int)jbh);
}複製程式碼
繼續往下看bindService,會呼叫到ActivityManagerProxy的bindService
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection,
int flags, int userId) throws RemoteException {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain();
data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor);
data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null);
data.writeStrongBinder(token);
service.writeToParcel(data, 0);
data.writeString(resolvedType);
data.writeStrongBinder(connection.asBinder());
data.writeInt(flags);
data.writeInt(userId);
mRemote.transact(BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0);
reply.readException();
int res = reply.readInt();
data.recycle();
reply.recycle();
return res;
}複製程式碼
利用Parcel的writeStrongBinder會將Binder實體寫入到Parcel中去,這裡首先看一下 Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();在java層Parcel只是一個容器,具體Parcel相關的操作都在Native層
static jint android_os_Parcel_create(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz)
{
Parcel* parcel = new Parcel();
return reinterpret_cast<jint>(parcel);
}複製程式碼
這裡的返回值,其實就是Parcel物件的地址,被賦值給了Parcel.java的mNativePtr成員變數,方便Native呼叫,接著看writeStrongBinder的實現,其實就是呼叫Parcel.cpp中的對應方法,通過flatten_binder將Binder實體物件打扁,建立flat_binder_object寫入Parcel中,
static void android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint nativePtr, jobject object)
{
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
const status_t err = parcel->writeStrongBinder(ibinderForJavaObject(env, object));
if (err != NO_ERROR) {
signalExceptionForError(env, clazz, err);
}
}
}複製程式碼
ibinderForJavaObject主要為Java層Binder例項化native binder物件:
sp<IBinder> ibinderForJavaObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj)
{
if (obj == NULL) return NULL;
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderOffsets.mClass)) {
JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = (JavaBBinderHolder*)
env->GetIntField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject);
return jbh != NULL ? jbh->get(env, obj) : NULL;
}
if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass)) {
return (IBinder*)
env->GetIntField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject);
}
return NULL;
}複製程式碼
如果BBinder還沒例項化,要通過JavaBBinderHolder的get函式例項化一個BBinder物件,這裡就是JavaBBinder物件,綜上分析Java層與Native的Binder其對應關係如下:
BBinder物件被Parcel轉換成flat_binder_object,經過一次拷貝寫入目標程式,並執行BINDER_TYPE_BINDER與BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE的轉換,如下:
static void
binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread,
struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply)
...
fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp);
switch (fp->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {..
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE;
fp->handle = ref->desc;
} break;
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {..
struct binder_ref *ref = binder_get_ref(proc, fp->handle);
if (ref->node->proc == target_proc) {
if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE)
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER;
else
fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER;
fp->binder = ref->node->ptr;
fp->cookie = ref->node->cookie;
} else {
struct binder_ref *new_ref;
new_ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, ref->node);
fp->handle = new_ref->desc;
}
} break;
}複製程式碼
在核心中,bindService中的InnerConnection會由BINDER_TYPE_BINDER轉換成BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,之後,AMS執行緒被喚醒後,執行後面的流程,在前文分析Parcel資料轉換的時候,在Binder執行緒被喚醒繼續執行的時候,會將資料對映到一個natvie Parcel物件中
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd)
{
BBinder* obj;
switch (cmd) {
..
// read到了資料請求,這裡是需要處理的邏輯 ,處理完畢,
case BR_TRANSACTION:
{
binder_transaction_data tr;
result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr));
Parcel buffer;
<!--關鍵點1 -->
buffer.ipcSetDataReference(
reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer),
tr.data_size,
reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets),
tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), freeBuffer, this);
...
<!--關鍵點2 -->
if (tr.target.ptr) {
sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie);
const status_t error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags);
if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error);
}
..
}
} 複製程式碼
首先看一下關鍵點1 ,這裡將核心資料對映到一個使用者空間的Parcel物件中去,之後在呼叫目標Service的transact函式,進而呼叫他的onTrasanct函式 , 通過前面的分析知道,Java層Binder在註冊時候,最終註冊的是JavaBBinder物件,看一下它的onTrasanct函式:
virtual status_t onTransact(
uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0)
{
JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM);
IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self();
const int strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy();
thread_state->setLastTransactionBinderFlags(flags);
..
jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact,
code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags);
..
return res != JNI_FALSE ? NO_ERROR : UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION;
}複製程式碼
關鍵程式碼只有一句:env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags),其實就是呼叫Binder.java的execTransact函式,該函式首先將Native的Parcel對映成Jave層Parcel,之後呼叫BBinder子類的onTransact函式執行對應的業務邏輯:
private boolean execTransact(int code, int dataObj, int replyObj,
int flags) {
Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj);
Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj);
boolean res;
try {
res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags);
} ...
reply.recycle();
data.recycle();
return res;
}}複製程式碼
對於AMS而bindService對應的操作如下
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags)
throws RemoteException {
。。
case BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: {
data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor);
IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder();
IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b);
IBinder token = data.readStrongBinder();
Intent service = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data);
String resolvedType = data.readString();
b = data.readStrongBinder();
int fl = data.readInt();
int userId = data.readInt();
IServiceConnection conn = IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b);
int res = bindService(app, token, service, resolvedType, conn, fl, userId);
reply.writeNoException();
reply.writeInt(res);
return true;
}複製程式碼
b = data.readStrongBinder()會先讀取Binder物件,這裡會呼叫本地函式nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr),mNativePtr就是Native層Parcel的首地址:
public final IBinder readStrongBinder() {
return nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr);
}複製程式碼
nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr)會將本地Binder物件轉化成Java層物件,其實就是將傳輸的InnerConnection讀取出來,不過由於Binder驅動將BINDER_TYPE_BINDER轉換成了BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,對於AMS其實是例項化BinderProxy
static jobject android_os_Parcel_readStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint nativePtr)
{
Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr);
if (parcel != NULL) {
// /parcel->readStrongBinder() 其實就會建立BpBInder、
return javaObjectForIBinder(env, parcel->readStrongBinder());
}
return NULL;
}複製程式碼
首先會利用Parcel.cpp的parcel->readStrongBinder(),讀取binder物件,這裡會根據flat_binder_object的型別,分別進行BBinder與BpBinder對映,如果是Binder實體直接將指標賦值out,如果不是,則根據handle獲取或者新建BpBinder返回給out。
status_t unflatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc,
const Parcel& in, sp<IBinder>* out)
{
const flat_binder_object* flat = in.readObject(false);
if (flat) {
switch (flat->type) {
case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER:
*out = static_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie);
return finish_unflatten_binder(NULL, *flat, in);
case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE:
*out = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle);
return finish_unflatten_binder(
static_cast<BpBinder*>(out->get()), *flat, in);
}
}
return BAD_TYPE;
}複製程式碼
之後會牽扯一個將native binder轉換成java層Binder的操作,javaObjectForIBinder,這個函式很關鍵,是理解Java層BinderProxy或者BBinder實體的關鍵:
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val)
{
if (val == NULL) return NULL;
<!--關鍵點1-->
if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) {
jobject object = static_cast<JavaBBinder*>(val.get())->object();
return object;
}
AutoMutex _l(mProxyLock);
<!--關鍵點2-->
jobject object = (jobject)val->findObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
if (object != NULL) {
android_atomic_dec(&gNumProxyRefs);
val->detachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets);
env->DeleteGlobalRef(object);
}
<!--關鍵點3-->
object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor);
if (object != NULL) {
env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (int)val.get());
val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
jobject refObject = env->NewGlobalRef(
env->GetObjectField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf));
val->attachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets, refObject,
jnienv_to_javavm(env), proxy_cleanup);
sp<DeathRecipientList> drl = new DeathRecipientList;
drl->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder);
env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue, reinterpret_cast<jint>(drl.get()));
android_atomic_inc(&gNumProxyRefs);
incRefsCreated(env);
}
return object;
}複製程式碼
先看關鍵點1, checkSubclass預設返回false,但是JavaBBinder,該類對此函式進行了覆蓋,如果是JavaBBinder,就會返回true,但如果是BpBinder,則會返回false,
bool checkSubclass(const void* subclassID) const
{
return subclassID == &gBinderOffsets;
}複製程式碼
再看關鍵點2,如果是BpBinder,則需要首先在gBinderProxyOffsets中查詢,是不是已經新建了Java層代理BinderProxy物件,如果沒有,則新建即可,如果新建過,就看是否還存在快取有效的BinderProxy。最後看關鍵點3 :
env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor)
其實就是新建BinderProxy物件,Java層的BinderProxy都是Native新建的,Java層並沒有BinderProxy的新建入口,之後,再通過IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b)進行轉換,例項化一個IServiceConnection.Proxy代理對,該物件在Binder通訊的基礎上封裝了業務邏輯,其實就是一些具體的操作。
public static XXXAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) {
if ((obj == null)) {
return null;
}
android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR);
if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof XXXAidlInterface))) {
return ((XXXAidlInterface) iin);
}
return new XXXAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj);
}複製程式碼
這裡注意一點杜宇BinderProxy,obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR)返回為null,對於Binder實體,返回的是Binder自身,這樣就能為上層區分出是生成代理還是存根自身,整體物件轉換流程如下:
到這裡分析了一半,Java層命令及回撥Binder入口已經被傳遞給AMS,AMS之後需要負責啟動Service,並通過回撥入口為Client繫結服務,跟蹤到AMS原始碼
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType,
IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) {
...
synchronized(this) {
return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service, resolvedType,
connection, flags, userId);
}
}複製程式碼
最後呼叫ActiveService的bindServiceLocked,這裡會分三中情況,
- Service已經經啟動
- Service未啟動,但是程式已經啟動
- Service與程式君未啟動
不過這裡只討論“ Service未啟動,但是程式已經啟動的情況”,關鍵程式碼如下
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token,
Intent service, String resolvedType,
IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) {
try {
.。。
if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) {
s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
<!--關鍵點1-->
if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), false) != null) {
return 0;
}
}
<!--關鍵點2-->
..
requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, false);
..
}
}複製程式碼
關鍵點1其實就是啟動Service,主要是通過ApplicationThread的binder通訊通知App端啟動Service,這個流程同Activity啟動一樣。關鍵點2是Service特有的:requestServiceBindingLocked,這個命令是告訴APP端:“在Service啟動後需要向AMS發訊息,之後AMS才能向其他需要繫結該Service的Client傳送反饋”。
AMS端
private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r,
IntentBindRecord i, boolean rebind) {
if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) {
..
r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind);
..
} }
return true;
}
APP端
private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) {
Service s = mServices.get(data.token);
...
if (!data.rebind) {
IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent);
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService(
data.token, data.intent, binder);
}
}複製程式碼
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService會將啟動的Binder服務實體傳遞給AMS,上面分析過Binder實體傳輸,這裡的原理是一樣的,AMS端在傳輸結束後,會獲得Service端服務實體的引用,這個時候,就能通過最初的InnerConnection的回撥將這個服務傳遞給Client端。Binder實體與引用的整體流程圖如下:
如果要深究Activity的bindService流程,可以按以下幾步來分析
- 1、Activity呼叫bindService:通過Binder通知ActivityManagerService,要啟動哪個Service
- 2、ActivityManagerService建立ServiceRecord,並利用ApplicationThreadProxy回撥,通知APP新建並啟動Service啟動起來
- 3、ActivityManagerService把Service啟動起來後,繼續通過ApplicationThreadProxy,通知APP,bindService,其實就是讓Service返回一個Binder物件給ActivityManagerService,以便AMS傳遞給Client
- 4、ActivityManagerService把從Service處得到這個Binder物件傳給Activity,這裡是通過IServiceConnection binder實現。
- 5、Activity被喚醒後通過Binder Stub的asInterface函式將Binder轉換為代理Proxy,完成業務代理的轉換,之後就能利用Proxy進行通訊了。
聽說你Binder機制學的不錯,來解決下這幾個問題(一)
聽說你 Binder 機制學的不錯,來解決下這幾個問題(二)
聽說你 Binder 機制學的不錯,來解決下這幾個問題(三)
僅供參考,歡迎指正