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中午剛剛弄明白了MYSQL叢集的備份與恢復。
寫下來，以後就不用為這個問題浪費時間了。
1、在管理節點上進行備份。
ndb_mgm> start backup nowait
ndb_mgm> Node 3: Backup 4 started from node 1
Node 3: Backup 4 started from node 1 completed
StartGCP: 43010 StopGCP: 43013
#Records: 2138 #LogRecords: 0
Data: 53068 bytes Log: 0 bytes

ndb_mgm> shutdown
Node 3: Cluster shutdown initiated
Node 4: Cluster shutdown initiated
Node 4: Node shutdown completed.
Node 3: Node shutdown completed.
2 NDB Cluster node(s) have shutdown.
Disconnecting to allow management server to shutdown.
ndb_mgm> exit
2、刪掉SQL節點的資料。
   DROP DATABASE TEST_CLUSTER;
3、關閉MYSQLD伺服器。
[root@localhost bin]# service mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL... SUCCESS!
4、重新順序啟動所有節點。
[root@localhost mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/ndb_mgmd -f /etc/config.ini
[root@localhost data]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndbd --initial
我發現如果不帶這個 --initial選項的話，恢復會失敗。
[root@localhost bin]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL SUCCESS!
4、在NDBD節點上進行恢復。（每個節點都得執行一次，因為資料分散在兩個節點上）
第一個節點：
[root@localhost BACKUP]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_restore -n3 -b4 -r -m --backup_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-4/
-r開關是記錄集合。
-m是後設資料。就是表和庫的SCHEMA。
Nodeid = 3
Backup Id = 4
backup path = /usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-4/
Ndb version in backup files: Version 5.1.21
Connected to ndb!!
Successfully restored table `test_cluster/def/lk4_test`
...
Successfully created index `PRIMARY` on `lk4_test`
...
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test_cluster/def/lk4_test54) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
...
Restored 37 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK
第二個節點：
[root@localhost BACKUP-1]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_restore -n4 -b4 -r --backup_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-4/
Nodeid = 4
Backup Id = 4
backup path = /usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-4/
Ndb version in backup files: Version 5.1.21
Connected to ndb!!
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(1) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(4) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_2_3(3) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test/def/t11(5) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(0) fragment 1
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(2) fragment 1
Restored 2 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

這裡完成。
5、檢視一下有沒有資料，為了安全起見。
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| test               |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
沒有恢復的資料庫？
MYSQL現在必須重新建立SCHEMA。

mysql> create database test_cluster;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.33 sec)

mysql> use test_cluster;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+------------------------------+
| Tables_in_test_cluster      |
+------------------------------+
| lk4_test         |
| ...                      |
+------------------------------+
27 rows in set (0.11 sec)

mysql> select * from cs_comment;
Empty set (0.00 sec)

不過MYSQL的backup 程式現在還只能進行完全備份。
[root@localhost BACKUP]# du -h
76K     ./BACKUP-2
96K     ./BACKUP-6
180K    ./BACKUP-4
172K    ./BACKUP-3
76K     ./BACKUP-1
60K     ./BACKUP-5
668K    .

6、在NDBD節點上進行恢復的時候有一個要注意的問題。
因為NDBD節點以 --initial 方式啟動的時候不會自動刪除undo 和 data 檔案（即儲存到磁碟上的表資料），所以得手動在每個NDBD節點上進行RM操作：

[root@node239 ndb_6_fs]# rm -rf *.dat

然後開始備份。
在MASTER上備份的時候要加 -m 開關。
在SLAVE上要加-d 而且不要-m開關。

具體步驟如下：
MASTER :

[root@localhost ndb_3_fs]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_restore -n3 -b1 -r -m --backup_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Nodeid = 3
Backup Id = 1
backup path = /usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Ndb version in backup files: Version 5.1.21
Connected to ndb!!
Creating logfile group: lg_1...done
Creating tablespace: ts_1...done
Creating datafile "data_1.dat"...done
Creating undofile "undo_1.dat"...done
Successfully restored table `test/def/t11`
Successfully restored table event REPL$test/t11
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(1) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_2_3(3) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(0) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(2) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(4) fragment 0
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test/def/t11(10) fragment 0
Restored 26 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

其他的SLAVE上的操作：

[root@node239 ndb_6_fs]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/ndb_restore -n6 -b1 -r -d --backup_path=/usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Nodeid = 6
Backup Id = 1
backup path = /usr/local/mysql/data/BACKUP/BACKUP-1/
Ndb version in backup files: Version 5.1.21
Connected to ndb!!
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/NDB$EVENTS_0(1) fragment 3
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/NDB$BLOB_2_3(3) fragment 3
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: sys/def/SYSTAB_0(0) fragment 3
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_schema(2) fragment 3
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: mysql/def/ndb_apply_status(4) fragment 3
_____________________________________________________
Processing data in table: test/def/t11(10) fragment 3
Restored 20 tuples and 0 log entries

NDBT_ProgramExit: 0 - OK

-d 開關的意思即：
-d, --no-restore-disk-objects
                      Dont restore disk objects (tablespace/logfilegroups etc)
既忽略表空間和分組空間

MYSQL叢集的備份與恢復最終版本(轉帖)

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