bbed--常用命令

1、預設密碼：blockedit
[oracle@dg1:/home/oracle]#bbed
Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Aug 11 22:46:48 2013

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

2、幫助
[oracle@dg1:/home/oracle]#bbed help=y
PASSWORD - Required parameter
FILENAME - Database file name
BLOCKSIZE - Database block size
LISTFILE - List file name
MODE - [browse/edit]
SPOOL - Spool to logfile [no/yes]
CMDFILE - BBED command file name
LOGFILE - BBED log file name
PARFILE - Parameter file name
BIFILE - BBED before-image file name
REVERT - Rollback changes from BIFILE [no/yes]
SILENT - Hide banner [no/yes]
HELP - Show all valid parameters [no/yes]

3、登入bbed
SQL> select file#||' '||name||' '||bytes from v$datafile where file#=5;

FILE#||''||NAME||''||BYTES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5 /home/oracle/test.dbf 524288000

將上述內容儲存在filelist.bbed中
[oracle@dg1:/home/oracle]#cat file*
5 /home/oracle/test.dbf 524288000

建立parameter file：
[oracle@dg1:/home/oracle]#vi bbed.par
blocksize=8192
listfile=/home/oracle/filelist.bbed
mode=edit

連線bbed：
[oracle@dg1:/home/oracle]#bbed parfile=bbed.par password=blockedit

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sun Aug 11 23:14:43 2013

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> show
        FILE#           5
        BLOCK#          1
        OFFSET          0
        DBA             0x01400001 (20971521 5,1)
        FILENAME        /home/oracle/test.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        /home/oracle/filelist.bbed
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Browse
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No

下面是幾個常用的：

set 設定當前的環境

show 檢視當前的環境引數，跟sqlplus的同名命令類似。

dump 列出指定block的內容

find 在指定的block中查詢指定的字串，結果是顯示出字串，及其偏移量--offset，偏移量就是在block中的位元組數

modify 修改指定block的指定偏移量的值，可以線上修改。

copy 把一個block的內容copy到另一個block中

verify 檢查當前環境是否有壞塊

sum 計算block的checksum，modify之後block就被標識為壞塊，current checksum與reqired checksum不一致，sum命令可以計算出新的checksum並應用到當前塊。

undo 回滾當前的修改操作，如果手誤做錯了，undo一下就ok了，回到原來的狀態。

revert 回滾所有之前的修改操作，意思就是 undo all

SET
set dba

SQL> create table lf.t1 as select user_id,username,created from dba_users;

Table created.

SQL> select rowid,
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
4 dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
5 from lf.t1 where user_id=1;

no rows selected

SQL> select * from lf.t1;

   USER_ID USERNAME                       CREATED
---------- ------------------------------ ------------
         0 SYS                            14-MAY-13
         5 SYSTEM                         14-MAY-13
        37 LF                             12-AUG-13
         9 OUTLN                          14-MAY-13
        36 MGMT_VIEW                      14-MAY-13
        31 APPQOSSYS                      14-MAY-13
        30 DBSNMP                         14-MAY-13
        32 WMSYS                          14-MAY-13
        34 SYSMAN                         14-MAY-13
        14 DIP                            14-MAY-13
        21 ORACLE_OCM                     14-MAY-13

11 rows selected.
SQL> select rowid,
2 dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
3 dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
4 dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno
5 from lf.t1 where user_id=0;

ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO
------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------
AAAEWmAAFAAAACDAAA 5 131 0

BBED> set dba 5,131
DBA 0x01400083 (20971651 5,131)

如果設定成功，會返回該block的RDBA (Relative Data Block Address)，rdba就是rowid中的rfile#+block#。括號裡面的是DBA值和block 和 file id。

set filename
BBED> set filename '/home/oracle/test.dbf'
FILENAME /home/oracle/test.dbf

filename必須用單引號

set file
BBED> set file 5
FILE# 5

set block

BBED> set file 5
FILE# 5

BBED> set block 200
BLOCK# 200

BBED> set block +100
BLOCK# 300
block 是一個相對的位置，我們需要先指定一個file，然後在指定block。即對應file裡的block。可以對當前block的位置進行+和-操作。

set offset
偏移量是相對某個block裡的偏移量，可以用+和-進行操作
BBED> set offset 10
OFFSET 10

BBED> set offset -5
OFFSET 5

set blocksize
設定當前datafile 的blocksize 大小，該大小必須和datafile 的實際block 匹配，否則會報錯。
BBED> set blocksize 8192

BLOCKSIZE 8192

set listfile
在前面講過，可以通過parameter file 來指定bbed的屬性，當然也可以通過set 來指定這些資訊。對於listfile的檔案，必須用單引號括起來。

BBED> set listfile '/u01/filelist.txt'

LISTFILE /u01/filelist.txt

set width

設定當前螢幕的寬度，預設是80.

BBED> set width 200

WIDTH 200

set count
設定dump 命令顯示bytes的數量。預設是512 bytes。

BBED> set count 512

COUNT 512

set ibase
--設定內部的數字格式，預設是十進位制。也可以設定為十六進位制或者八進位制。設定完數字格式之後，使用該格式來設定blcok，offset等。
BBED> set ibase hex

IBASE Hex

BBED> set block +D

BLOCK# 14

BBED> set ibase decimal

IBASE Dec

set mode
BBED> set mode browse

MODE Browse

BBED> set mode edit

MODE Edit

SHOW
BBED> show
        FILE#           5
        BLOCK#          300
        OFFSET          5
        DBA             0x0140012c (20971820 5,300)
        FILENAME        /home/oracle/test.dbf
        BIFILE          bifile.bbd
        LISTFILE        /home/oracle/filelist.bbed
        BLOCKSIZE       8192
        MODE            Edit
        EDIT            Unrecoverable
        IBASE           Dec
        OBASE           Dec
        WIDTH           80
        COUNT           512
        LOGFILE         log.bbd
        SPOOL           No

INFO
BBED> info
File# Name                                                        Size(blks)
----- ----                                                        ----------
     5 /home/oracle/test.dbf                                            64000
顯示當前可以進行browse 或者edit 的file。即我們filelist 裡指定的datafile資訊。

MAP
Map會通過偏移量來顯示block裡的詳細資訊，如block header，data block header 和row directory。使用/v 選項，可以檢視更詳細的資訊。

在不指定block的情況下，會顯示當前block的資訊，如果想顯示其他block的資訊，可以使用file name，file id，block 和DBA 來指定要顯示的block。

BBED> map
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)

struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0

struct ktbbh, 96 bytes @20

struct kdbh, 14 bytes @124

struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @138

sb2 kdbr[11] @142

ub1 freespace[7796] @164

ub1 rowdata[228] @7960

ub4 tailchk @8188
--這個是預設情況，@後面代表的對應的資訊在block裡的偏移量，即offset。

BBED> map /v dba 5,131
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)

struct kcbh, 20 bytes                      @0
    ub1 type_kcbh                           @0
    ub1 frmt_kcbh                           @1
    ub1 spare1_kcbh                         @2
    ub1 spare2_kcbh                         @3
    ub4 rdba_kcbh                           @4
    ub4 bas_kcbh                            @8
    ub2 wrp_kcbh                            @12
    ub1 seq_kcbh                            @14
    ub1 flg_kcbh                            @15
    ub2 chkval_kcbh                         @16
    ub2 spare3_kcbh                         @18

struct ktbbh, 96 bytes                     @20
    ub1 ktbbhtyp                            @20
    union ktbbhsid, 4 bytes                 @24
    struct ktbbhcsc, 8 bytes                @28
    sb2 ktbbhict                            @36
    ub1 ktbbhflg                            @38
    ub1 ktbbhfsl                            @39
    ub4 ktbbhfnx                            @40
    struct ktbbhitl[3], 72 bytes            @44

struct kdbh, 14 bytes                      @124
    ub1 kdbhflag                            @124
    sb1 kdbhntab                            @125
    sb2 kdbhnrow                            @126
    sb2 kdbhfrre                            @128
    sb2 kdbhfsbo                            @130
    sb2 kdbhfseo                            @132
    sb2 kdbhavsp                            @134
    sb2 kdbhtosp                            @136

struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes                    @138
    sb2 kdbtoffs                            @138
    sb2 kdbtnrow                            @140

sb2 kdbr[11] @142

ub1 freespace[7796] @164

ub1 rowdata[228] @7960

ub4 tailchk @8188

--通過block 來map
BBED> map block 131
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------
KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)

struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0

struct ktbbh, 96 bytes @20

struct kdbh, 14 bytes @124

struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @138

sb2 kdbr[11] @142

ub1 freespace[7796] @164

ub1 rowdata[228] @7960

ub4 tailchk @8188

DUMP（D）
顯示block的具體內容，每次顯示的bytes由count 控制，預設是512 bytes。使用 /v 選項，可以顯示更多詳細資訊。
BBED> dump /v dba 5,131 offset 0 count 128
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 0 to 127 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
06a20000 83004001 3a0b0600 00000204 l ......@.:.......
bef40000 01000000 a6450000 380b0600 l .........E..8...
00000000 03003200 80004001 ffff0000 l ......2...@.....
00000000 00000000 00000000 00800000 l ................
380b0600 00000000 00000000 00000000 l 8...............
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 l ................
00000000 00000000 00000000 00010b00 l ................

<16 bytes per line>

PRINT（P）
print命令輸出datastructures。在使用print時，可以指定dba，block 等引數來限定輸出特定block。

BBED> p kdbt
struct kdbt[0], 4 bytes                     @138
   sb2 kdbtoffs                             @138      0
   sb2 kdbtnrow                             @140      11

BBED> p kdbt.kdbtoffs
sb2 kdbtoffs @138 0

注意：
       當print 一個data structure 時，輸出的格式如下：
       UnitSize* | Name | Offset| Value
BBED> p kdbr
sb2 kdbr[0]                                 @142      8047
sb2 kdbr[1]                                 @144      8026
sb2 kdbr[2]                                 @146      8009
sb2 kdbr[3]                                 @148      7989
sb2 kdbr[4]                                 @150      7965
sb2 kdbr[5]                                 @152      7941
sb2 kdbr[6]                                 @154      7920
sb2 kdbr[7]                                 @156      7900
sb2 kdbr[8]                                 @158      7879
sb2 kdbr[9]                                 @160      7861
sb2 kdbr[10]                                @162      7836
在pointer 加字首* 可以print location data structure。

使用kdbr[0] 作為一個指標來print 它對應的內容。這個kdbr[0] 是一個本地的data structure，我們print 需要加*號字首。
BBED> p *kdbr[0]
rowdata[211]
------------
ub1 rowdata[211] @8171 0x2c

BBED> dump /v dba 5,131 offset 8171 count 128
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8171 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
2c000301 80035359 53077871 050e0336 l ,.....SYS.xq...6
1a02063a 0b l ...:.

<16 bytes per line>

定位絕對offset
BBED> p offset 8171
rowdata[211]
------------
ub1 rowdata[211] @8171 0x2c

改16進製為10進位制
BBED> p /d offset 8171
rowdata[211]
------------
ub1 rowdata[211] @8171 44

EXAMINE(X)
examine命令也是用來顯示datablock的內容的，解釋說明
BBED> x /rcnn
rowdata[190] @8150
------------
flag@8150: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8151: 0x00
cols@8152: 3

col    0[2] @8153: ..
col    1[6] @8156: #########################################
col    2[7] @8163: #########################################

可以repeat
BBED> x /3rcnn
rowdata[190] @8150
------------
flag@8150: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8151: 0x00
cols@8152: 3

col    0[2] @8153: ..
col    1[6] @8156: #########################################
col    2[7] @8163: #########################################

rowdata[211] @8171
------------
flag@8171: 0x2c (KDRHFL, KDRHFF, KDRHFH)
lock@8172: 0x00
cols@8173: 3

col    0[1] @8174: .
col    1[3] @8176: #########################################
col    2[7] @8180: #########################################

tailchk @8188
-------
BBED-00210: no row at this offset

FIND（F）
find命令可以用來搜尋關鍵字。可以從offset 0 搜尋到top 或者從當前的offset 搜尋到top。
find 不支援number和Date

SQL> select rowid,
2      dbms_rowid.rowid_relative_fno(rowid) rel_fno,
3      dbms_rowid.rowid_block_number(rowid) blockno,
4      dbms_rowid.rowid_row_number(rowid) rowno,
5      user_id,username,created
6      from lf.t1 where user_id=5;

ROWID REL_FNO BLOCKNO ROWNO USER_ID USERNAME CREATED
------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------------------------ ------------
AAAEWmAAFAAAACDAAB 5 131 1 5 SYSTEM 14-MAY-13

BBED> set file 5
FILE# 5

BBED> set block 131
BLOCK# 131

BBED> set offset 0
OFFSET 0

BBED> find /c SYSTEM top
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02
063a0b

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v dba 5,131 offset 8157 count 128
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 l SYSTEM.xq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

如果我們要繼續搜尋Dave，那麼只需要按下f 就可以了，不需要跟引數。
BBED> f
BBED-00212: search string not found

COPY
BBED> copy dba 5,131 to dba 5,132

MODIFY(M)
BBED> d /v dba 5,131 offset 8157 count 128
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 l SYSTEM.xq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> modify /c LINFENG dba 5,131 offset 8157
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4c494e46 454e4778 71050e03 361a2c00 03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02
063a0b

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v dba 5,131 offset 8157 count 128
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
4c494e46 454e4778 71050e03 361a2c00 l LINFENGxq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

注意一點，這裡僅僅是修改，還沒有進行update，即sum apply， select 才會改變。
SQL> select * from lf.t1 where user_id=5;

USER_ID USERNAME CREATED
---------- ------------------------------ ------------
5 SYSTEM 14-MAY-13

SUM
BBED> sum dba 5,131 apply
Check value for File 5, Block 131:
current = 0xb6bf, required = 0xb6bf

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

SQL> select * from lf.t1 where user_id=5;

USER_ID USERNAME CREATED
---------- ------------------------------ ------------
5 LINFENG 14-MAY-13

REVERT
revert是恢復自bbed 啟動以來的所有修改。
BBED> revert dba 5,131
All changes made to this block will be rolled back. Proceed? (Y/N) y
Reverted file '/home/oracle/test.dbf', block 131

BBED> sum dba 5,131 apply
Check value for File 5, Block 131:
current = 0xf4be, required = 0xf4be
SQL> select * from lf.t1 where user_id=5;

USER_ID USERNAME CREATED
---------- ------------------------------ ------------
5 LINFENG 14-MAY-13

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

SQL> select * from lf.t1 where user_id=5;

USER_ID USERNAME CREATED
---------- ------------------------------ ------------
5 SYSTEM 14-MAY-13

UNDO
undo命令是回滾最後一次的操作。
BBED> dump /v dba 5,131 offset 8157
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 l SYSTEM.xq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> m /c LF dba 5,131 offset 8157
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4c465354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02
063a0b

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v dba 5,131 offset 8157
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
4c465354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 l LFSTEM.xq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

BBED> undo
BBED> modify /x 5359 filename '/home/oracle/test.dbf' block 131. offset 8157.
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
------------------------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02
063a0b

<32 bytes per line>

BBED> d /v dba 5,131 offset 8157
File: /home/oracle/test.dbf (5)
Block: 131 Offsets: 8157 to 8191 Dba:0x01400083
-------------------------------------------------------
53595354 454d0778 71050e03 361a2c00 l SYSTEM.xq...6.,.
03018003 53595307 7871050e 03361a02 l ....SYS.xq...6..
063a0b l .:.

<16 bytes per line>

VERIFY
verify命令用來驗證block的完整性。
BBED> verify dba 5,131
DBVERIFY - Verification starting
FILE = /home/oracle/test.dbf
BLOCK = 131

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined         : 1
Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 1
Total Blocks Failing   (Data) : 0
Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0
Total Blocks Failing   (Index): 0
Total Blocks Empty            : 0
Total Blocks Marked Corrupt   : 0
Total Blocks Influx           : 0

CORRUPT
corrupt命令將一個block 標記為corrupt，這樣db 在操作時就會跳過該block，從而避免錯誤。
注意： undo 命令不能undo 一個corruption，但是revert 命令卻可以。

BBED> corrupt dba 5,131
Block marked media corrupt.

BBED> revert dba 5,131
All changes made to this block will be rolled back. Proceed? (Y/N) y
Reverted file '/home/oracle/test.dbf', block 131

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bbed--常用命令

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