10G DATA GUARD 安裝配置過程
primary環境資訊
IP : 192.168.152.10
ORACLE_SID=PROD
資料庫版本 10.2.0.1
作業系統 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikanga) 32位
standby環境資訊
IP : 192.168.152.20
ORACLE_SID=OCM3
資料庫版本 10.2.0.1
作業系統 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.9 (Tikanga) 32位
一、primary database 配置
1）檢查資料庫是否啟用forced logging模式
SYS@PROD>select name,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE,FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE FOR
--------- ------------ ---------- ---
PROD ARCHIVELOG READ WRITE NO
啟動forced logging模式
SYS@PROD>startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
Fixed Size 1220384 bytes
Variable Size 188743904 bytes
Database Buffers 331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SYS@PROD>alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD>alter database open;
Database altered.
SYS@PROD>select name,LOG_MODE,OPEN_MODE,FORCE_LOGGING from v$database;
NAME LOG_MODE OPEN_MODE FOR
--------- ------------ ---------- ---
PROD ARCHIVELOG READ WRITE YES
2）建立密碼檔案。檢查發現密碼檔案orapw
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ ls
hc_PROD.dat initdw.ora init.ora initPROD.ora lkPROD orapwPROD snapcf_PROD.f spfilePROD.ora
這裡為了試驗，將其刪除重建
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ rm orapwPROD
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ orapwd file=orapwPROD password=oracle entries=30 force=y
3）配置standby redo log
standby redo log是最大保護模式、最大可用模式和日誌傳輸模式所要求使用的。
standby redo log 檔案大小要與online redo log檔案大小一致
standby redo log groups 要比 online redo log groups 多1個
檢查maxlogfiles和maxlogmembers引數值。確認新增的standby redo 不會超過這個值。
create standby redo log groups
檢查online redo log資訊。
THREAD# GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS FILE_SIZEMB MEMBER
---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ----------- --------------------------------------------------
1 1 7 YES INACTIVE 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo01.log
1 1 7 YES INACTIVE 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo04.log
1 2 8 YES INACTIVE 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo05.log
1 2 8 YES INACTIVE 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo02.log
1 3 9 NO CURRENT 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo06.log
1 3 9 NO CURRENT 100 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/redo03.log
alter database add standby logfile group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog4a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog4b.log') size 100M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog5a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog5b.log') size 100M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog6a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog6b.log') size 100M;
alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog7a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/disk1/standbylog7b.log') size 100M;
確認standby redo log已經被建立
SYS@PROD>select group#,thread#,sequence#,bytes/1024/1024 sizeMB,archived,status from v$standby_log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# SIZEMB ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ----------
4 0 0 100 YES UNASSIGNED
5 0 0 100 YES UNASSIGNED
6 0 0 100 YES UNASSIGNED
7 0 0 100 YES UNASSIGNED
4）設定primary database引數檔案
配置tnsnames.ora引數檔案
PROD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocm1)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=PROD)
)
)
OCM3=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocm2)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=OCM3)
)
)
主庫角色引數
#DB_NAME=chicago
DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD
LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(PROD,OCM3)'
#CONTROL_FILES='/arch1/chicago/control1.ctl', '/arch2/chicago/control2.ctl'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archlog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=OCM3 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=OCM3'
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc
LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30
備庫角色引數
FAL_SERVER=OCM3
FAL_CLIENT=PROD
DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='OCM3','PROD'
LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='OCM3','PROD'
STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
建立pfile檔案，將上述引數在pfile上修改
SYS@PROD>create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_20140304.ora' from spfile;
File created.
然後使用pfile重啟資料庫
SYS@PROD>shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SYS@PROD>create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/pfile_20140304.ora' ;
File created.
SYS@PROD>startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 524288000 bytes
Fixed Size 1220384 bytes
Variable Size 192938208 bytes
Database Buffers 327155712 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
5）檢查資料庫是否啟動在歸檔狀態
SYS@PROD>archive log list
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archlog
Oldest online log sequence 8
Next log sequence to archive 10
Current log sequence 10
6）啟動primary database 的監聽
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ lsnrctl start
二、建立physical standby database
1）對primary database進行備份，這裡的備份可以採用冷備或者rman備份。
關閉資料庫，對資料檔案進行冷備
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ tar -zcvf primary_datafile.tar.gz disk1/
2）create a controlfile for the standby database
SYS@PROD>startup mount
SYS@PROD>alter database create standby controlfile as '/home/oracle/standby_controlfile.ctl';
SYS@PROD>alter database open;
3）建立standby database引數檔案
SYS@PROD>create pfile='/home/oracle/standby_pfile.ora' from spfile;
需要修改的引數
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control03.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PROD','OCM3'
*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME='OCM3'
*.FAL_CLIENT='OCM3'
*.FAL_SERVER='PROD'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/archlog VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=OCM3'
*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=PROD LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=PROD'
*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='PROD','OCM3'
4）從primary 系統將資料檔案、控制檔案、引數檔案和密碼檔案拷貝到standby 系統
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ scp standby_controlfile.ctl oracle@ocm2:~
[oracle@ocm1 ~]$ scp standby_pfile.ora oracle@ocm2:~
[oracle@ocm1 PROD]$ scp primary_datafile.tar.gz oracle@ocm2:/u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@ocm1 dbs]$ scp orapwPROD oracle@ocm2:/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs
5）配置standby database環境
5.1）建立密碼檔案，我們這邊的密碼檔案是從primary直接拷貝過來的，因此直接改名即可
[oracle@ocm2 dbs]$ mv orapwPROD orapwOCM3
5.2）建立相關路徑
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCM3/adump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCM3/bdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCM3/cdump
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/OCM3/udump
5.3）解壓資料檔案
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ tar -zxvf primary_datafile.tar.gz -C /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3
5.4）生成備庫控制檔案
[oracle@ocm2 disk1]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1
[oracle@ocm2 disk1]$ rm *.ctl
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ cp standby_controlfile.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control01.ctl
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ cp standby_controlfile.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control02.ctl
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ cp standby_controlfile.ctl /u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/control03.ctl
5.5）建立引數檔案
SYS@OCM3>create spfile from pfile='/home/oracle/standby_pfile.ora';
6）配置standby 監聽
[oracle@ocm2 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
[oracle@ocm2 admin]$ lsnrctl start
這時，最好來primary database的監聽一起檢查一下。
7）配置tnsnames.ora檔案，這個primary和standby保持一致即可
PROD=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocm1)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=PROD)
)
)
OCM3=
(DESCRIPTION=
(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=ocm2)(PORT=1521))
(CONNECT_DATA=
(SERVER=DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME=OCM3)
)
)
8）啟動physical standby database
SYS@OCM3>startup mount
SYS@OCM3>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
三、DG測試
在standby database:
SYS@OCM3>select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APP
---------- --------- --------- ---
1 13-JAN-14 13-JAN-14 NO
2 13-JAN-14 20-JAN-14 NO
3 20-JAN-14 22-JAN-14 NO
4 22-JAN-14 24-JAN-14 NO
5 24-JAN-14 28-JAN-14 NO
6 28-JAN-14 03-MAR-14 NO
7 03-MAR-14 03-MAR-14 NO
8 03-MAR-14 03-MAR-14 NO
9 03-MAR-14 04-MAR-14 YES
10 04-MAR-14 04-MAR-14 YES
10 rows selected.
在primary database:
SYS@PROD>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
在standby database:
SYS@OCM3>select sequence#,first_time,next_time,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_TIME APP
---------- --------- --------- ---
1 13-JAN-14 13-JAN-14 NO
2 13-JAN-14 20-JAN-14 NO
3 20-JAN-14 22-JAN-14 NO
4 22-JAN-14 24-JAN-14 NO
5 24-JAN-14 28-JAN-14 NO
6 28-JAN-14 03-MAR-14 NO
7 03-MAR-14 03-MAR-14 NO
8 03-MAR-14 03-MAR-14 NO
9 03-MAR-14 04-MAR-14 YES
10 04-MAR-14 04-MAR-14 YES
11 04-MAR-14 04-MAR-14 YES
11 rows selected.
從alert log 中
RFS[13]: Assigned to RFS process 17159
RFS[13]: Identified database type as 'physical standby'
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
Re-archiving standby log 4 thread 1 sequence 11
Primary database is in MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE mode
RFS[13]: Successfully opened standby log 5: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/OCM3/disk1/standbylog5a.log'
Tue Mar 4 15:52:42 2014
Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/archlog/1_11_836758036.arc
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 12 (in transit)
在primary database:
SYS@PROD>select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --------------------
PRIMARY TO STANDBY
在standby database:
SYS@OCM3>select database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
---------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED
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