--=============================

-- Oracle 控制檔案(CONTROLFILE)

--=============================

一、Oracle 控制檔案

為二進位制檔案，初始化大小由CREATE DATABASE指定,可以使用RMAN備份

記錄了當前資料庫的結構資訊,同時也包含資料檔案及日誌檔案的資訊以及相關的狀態,歸檔資訊等等

在引數檔案中描述其位置，個數等等。通常採用分散放開，多路複用的原則。在mount階段被讀取，open階段一直被使用

維護資料庫一致性(資料庫啟動時會比較控制檔案與聯機日誌檔案中的ckpt,即起始scn號，如相等則正常啟動，否則需要介質恢復)

一個控制檔案只能屬於一個資料庫

控制檔案的任意修改將寫入到初始化引數中指定的所有控制檔案中，讀取時則僅讀取第一個控制檔案

控制檔案只能連線一個資料庫，控制檔案的大小一般不要超過MB,最多為個，最少一個，互為映象

控制檔案中包含的內容

資料庫的名字、ID、建立的時間戳

表空間的名字

聯機日誌檔案、資料檔案的位置、個數、名字

聯機日誌的Sequence號碼

檢查點的資訊

撤銷段的開始或結束

歸檔資訊

備份資訊

二、檢視控制檔案的相關資訊

1.使用相關檢視來檢視

V$CONTROLFILE --列出例項中所有控制檔案的名字及狀態資訊

V$PARAMETER --列出所有引數的位置及狀態資訊

V$CONTROLFILE_RECORD_SECTION --列出控制檔案中記錄的部分資訊

SHOW PARAMETER CONTROL_FILES --列出控制檔案的名字、狀態、位置等

SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

STATUS NAME IS_ BLOCK_SIZE FILE_SIZE_BLKS

------- -------------------------------------------------- --- ---------- --------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl NO 16384 430

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl NO 16384 430

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl NO 16384 430

SQL> select name,type,value from v$parameter where name like '%control%';

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------

control_files 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/

oradata/orcl/control02.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/con

trol03.ctl

control_file_record_keep_time 3 7

SQL> select * from v$controlfile_record_section;

TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID

---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------

DATABASE 316 1 1 0 0 0

CKPT PROGRESS 8180 11 0 0 0 0

REDO THREAD 256 8 1 0 0 0

REDO LOG 72 16 9 0 0 20

DATAFILE 428 100 8 0 0 28

FILENAME 524 2298 21 0 0 0

TABLESPACE 68 100 7 0 0 7

TEMPORARY FILENAME 56 100 1 0 0 1

RMAN CONFIGURATION 1108 50 0 0 0 0

LOG HISTORY 56 292 35 1 35 35

OFFLINE RANGE 200 163 0 0 0 0

TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID

---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------

ARCHIVED LOG 584 28 20 1 20 20

BACKUP SET 40 409 0 0 0 0

BACKUP PIECE 736 200 0 0 0 0

BACKUP DATAFILE 116 282 0 0 0 0

BACKUP REDOLOG 76 215 0 0 0 0

DATAFILE COPY 660 223 1 1 1 1

BACKUP CORRUPTION 44 371 0 0 0 0

COPY CORRUPTION 40 409 0 0 0 0

DELETED OBJECT 20 818 3 1 3 3

PROXY COPY 852 249 0 0 0 0

BACKUP SPFILE 36 454 0 0 0 0

TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID

---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------

DATABASE INCARNATION 56 292 2 1 2 2

FLASHBACK LOG 84 2048 0 0 0 0

RECOVERY DESTINATION 180 1 1 0 0 0

INSTANCE SPACE RESERVATION 28 1055 1 0 0 0

REMOVABLE RECOVERY FILES 32 1000 0 0 0 0

RMAN STATUS 116 141 0 0 0 0

THREAD INSTANCE NAME MAPPING 80 8 8 0 0 0

MTTR 100 8 1 0 0 0

DATAFILE HISTORY 568 57 0 0 0 0

STANDBY DATABASE MATRIX 400 10 10 0 0 0

GUARANTEED RESTORE POINT 212 2048 0 0 0 0

TYPE RECORD_SIZE RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED FIRST_INDEX LAST_INDEX LAST_RECID

---------------------------- ----------- ------------- ------------ ----------- ---------- ----------

RESTORE POINT 212 2083 0 0 0 0

SQL> show parameter control_files;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c

ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/

oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /u

01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/con

trol03.ctl

SQL> select controlfile_sequence# from v$database;

CONTROLFILE_SEQUENCE#

---------------------

985

2.使用STRINGS命令來檢視控制檔案中的具體內容

SQL> host strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl | more

}|{z

JORCL

L-+RG

+ORCL

orcl

-+-='

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs02.dbf

SYSTEM

UNDOTBS1

SYSAUX

USERS

EXAMPLE

TBS1

TEMP

3.備份控制檔案到平面檔案(然後檢視控制檔案中的具體內容)

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt';

Database altered.

--或者使用

SQL> host strings /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl > /u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt

SQL> host cat /u01/app/oracle/ctl.txt;

-- The following are current System-scope REDO Log Archival related

-- parameters and can be included in the database initialization file.

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST=''

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.dbf

--

-- DB_UNIQUE_NAME="orcl"

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='SEND, RECEIVE, NODG_CONFIG'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=2

-- STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=MANUAL

-- STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST=?/dbs/arch

-- FAL_CLIENT=''

-- FAL_SERVER=''

--

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='OPTIONAL REOPEN=300 NODELAY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='ARCH NOAFFIRM NOEXPEDITE NOVERIFY SYNC'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='REGISTER NOALTERNATE NODEPENDENCY'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='NOMAX_FAILURE NOQUOTA_SIZE NOQUOTA_USED NODB_UNIQUE_NAME'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_10='VALID_FOR=(PRIMARY_ROLE,ONLINE_LOGFILES)'

-- LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_10=ENABLE

--

-- Below are two sets of SQL statements, each of which creates a new

-- control file and uses it to open the database. The first set opens

-- the database with the NORESETLOGS option and should be used only if

-- the current versions of all online logs are available. The second

-- set opens the database with the RESETLOGS option and should be used

-- if online logs are unavailable.

-- The appropriate set of statements can be copied from the trace into

-- a script file, edited as necessary, and executed when there is a

-- need to re-create the control file.

--

-- Set #1. NORESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- Additional logs may be required for media recovery of offline

-- Use this only if the current versions of all online logs are

-- available.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" NORESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log'

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log'

) SIZE 100M,

GROUP 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log ' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 7 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log ',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo7.log '

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 8 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo08.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo8.log'

) SIZE 50M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE

-- Database can now be opened normally.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 26214400 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

--

-- Set #2. RESETLOGS case

--

-- The following commands will create a new control file and use it

-- to open the database.

-- Data used by Recovery Manager will be lost.

-- The contents of online logs will be lost and all backups will

-- be invalidated. Use this only if online logs are damaged.

-- After mounting the created controlfile, the following SQL

-- statement will place the database in the appropriate

-- protection mode:

-- ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE

STARTUP NOMOUNT

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORCL" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log'

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log'

) SIZE 100M,

GROUP 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo04.log ' SIZE 50M,

GROUP 7 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo07.log ',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo7.log '

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 8 (

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo08.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo8.log'

) SIZE 50M

-- STANDBY LOGFILE

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

;

-- Commands to re-create incarnation table

-- Below log names MUST be changed to existing filenames on

-- disk. Any one log file from each branch can be used to

-- re-create incarnation records.

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';

-- ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area

-- /ORCL/archivelog/2010_05_20/o1_mf_1_1_%u_.arc';

-- Recovery is required if any of the datafiles are restored backups,

-- or if the last shutdown was not normal or immediate.

RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE

-- Database can now be opened zeroing the online logs.

ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;

-- Commands to add tempfiles to temporary tablespaces.

-- Online tempfiles have complete space information.

-- Other tempfiles may require adjustment.

ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'

SIZE 26214400 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;

-- End of tempfile additions.

4.轉儲控制檔案內容(檢視控制檔案中的具體內容)

alter session set events 'immediate trace name CONTROLF level 12'; level表示級別

或 --level1 塊頭的內容 --level2 資料檔案內容 --levle 10 |12 所有內容

oradebug setmypid

oradebug dump controlf 12

SQL> alter system set events 'immediate trace name controlf level 10';

System altered.

SQL> show parameter user_dump;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udu

mp

--檢視路徑中最新的檔案

[root@robinson ~]# vim /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_5110.trc

--以下僅列出部分資訊

Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/10g

System name: Linux

Node name: robinson.com

Release: 2.6.18-164.el5xen

Version: #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 16:06:30 EDT 2009

Machine: i686

Instance name: orcl

Redo thread mounted by this instance: 1

Oracle process number: 19

Unix process pid: 5110, image: oracle@robinson.com (TNS V1-V3)

*** 2010-05-20 18:52:30.104

*** SERVICE NAME:(SYS$USERS) 2010-05-20 18:52:30.084

*** SESSION ID:(159.10) 2010-05-20 18:52:30.084

DUMP OF CONTROL FILES, Seq # 985 = 0x3d9

V10 STYLE FILE HEADER:

Compatibility Vsn = 169869568=0xa200100

Db ID=1242732291=0x4a129703, Db Name='ORCL'

Activation ID=0=0x0

Control Seq=985=0x3d9, File size=430=0x1ae

File Number=0, Blksiz=16384, File Type=1 CONTROL

Logical block number 1 (header block)

Dump of memory from 0xB7EF7E00 to 0xB7EFBE00

--使用oradebug setmypid

SQL> oradebug setmypid --標記當前程式

Statement processed.

--獲得當前的spid

SQL> select spid from v$process where addr =

2 (select paddr from v$session where sid =

3 (select sid from v$mystat where rownum = 1));

SPID

------------

5110

SQL> oradebug dump controlf 3;--3表示包含標頭檔案和資料檔案內容

Statement processed.

--檢視user_dump_dest 路徑

SQL> show parameter user_d

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udu

mp

--找到當前spid的trc檔案

SQL> ! ls /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/*5110.* -- */

/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_5110.trc

SQL> ! cat /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump/orcl_ora_5110.trc

--下面列出的為部分內容

***************************************************************************

RMAN CONFIGURATION RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 1108, compat size = 1108, section max = 50, section in-use = 0,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 90, numrecs = 50)

***************************************************************************

FLASHBACK LOGFILE RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 84, compat size = 84, section max = 2048, section in-use = 0,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 139, numrecs = 2048)

***************************************************************************

THREAD INSTANCE MAPPING RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 80, compat size = 80, section max = 8, section in-use = 8,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 156, numrecs = 8)

orcl recno=1

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_2 recno=2

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_3 recno=3

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_4 recno=4

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_5 recno=5

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_6 recno=6

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_7 recno=7

UNNAMED_INSTANCE_8 recno=8

***************************************************************************

MTTR RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 100, compat size = 100, section max = 8, section in-use = 1,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 157, numrecs = 8)

MTTR record for thread 1

MTTR statistics status: 3

Init time: Avg: 47090974 us, Times measured: 4

File open time: Avg: 11225 us, Times measured: 21

Log block read time: Avg: 20 us, Times measured: 65536

Data block read/claim time: Avg: 170 us, Times measured: 1000

Data block write time: Avg: 390 us

1000 change vector apply time: Avg: 112435 us, Times measured: 37

Ratio Information:

# of log blocks measured: 207891

# of data blocks measured: 12536

# of change vectors measured: 564444

***************************************************************************

STANDBY DATABASE MAP RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 400, compat size = 400, section max = 10, section in-use = 10,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 160, numrecs = 10)

***************************************************************************

RESTORE POINT RECORDS

***************************************************************************

(size = 212, compat size = 212, section max = 2048, section in-use = 0,

last-recid= 0, old-recno = 0, last-recno = 0)

(extent = 1, blkno = 161, numrecs = 2048)

三、控制檔案的管理

規劃原則：多路複用,建議存放到不同的磁碟或同一磁碟不同的分割槽

個數與位置及狀態管理:

檢視控制檔案的狀態是否與引數定義中的相吻合,當資料庫發生結構修改時，將修改內容同時寫入控制檔案

備份管理

恢復管理

新建控制檔案語句

spfile或pfile都可以實現對控制檔案的個數及位置管理

spfile步驟

修改spfile引數中的control_files -- alter system ... scope = spfile | both |memory

一致性關閉資料庫

增加或減少控制檔案(cp or mv)

啟動資料庫使用spfile

驗證結果

pfile步驟

一致性關閉資料庫

修改pfile引數(vi或vim) 修改*.control_files＝......這一段

增加或減少控制檔案(cp or mv)

啟動資料庫使用pfile

驗證結果

--演示spfile修改控制檔案

SQL> show parameter control_file

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time integer 7

control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c

ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/

oradata/orcl/control02.ctl, /u

01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/con

trol03.ctl

--將控制檔案減少到一個

SQL> alter system set control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl' scope =spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 88082196 bytes

Database Buffers 159383552 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

--再次檢視引數檔案,已顯示為一個

SQL> show parameter control_file

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time integer 7

control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c

ontrol01.ctl

--增加控制檔案(在nomount狀態下即可修改)

SQL> alter system set control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl',

2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl',

3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'

4 scope = spfile;

System altered.

--啟動時可以看到在例項階段出現了版本號不一致的問題

SQL> startup force

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 88082196 bytes

Database Buffers 159383552 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

ORA-00214: control file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl' version

1051 inconsistent with file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'

version 1049

--處理辦法,用版本號高的控制檔案覆蓋版本號低的控制檔案

SQL> host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl;

SQL> host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl;

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

對於控制檔案丟失的情況下,透過檢視引數檔案中設定,使用作業系統命令逐個檢視這些檔案是否存在

SQL> host ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

SQL> host ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

檢視控制檔案所在的目錄可用空間及控制檔案的大小,建議不要超過100MB

SQL> host ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c*.ctl -lh

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M May 23 10:55 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M May 23 10:55 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.8M May 23 10:55 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl

SQL> ! df -h

Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/sda2 6.4G 3.9G 2.2G 64% /

/dev/sdd1 6.8G 3.7G 2.8G 58% /u01

/dev/sdc2 1.2G 34M 1.1G 3% /home

/dev/sdc1 760M 17M 704M 3% /tmp

/dev/sda1 456M 18M 415M 5% /boot

tmpfs 450M 0 450M 0% /dev/shm

none 450M 104K 450M 1% /var/lib/xenstored

控制檔案的備份

熱備:

alter database backup controlfile to '

'; --熱備份控制檔案

alter database backup controlfile to trace as '

' ;--得到建立控制檔案的指令碼

RMAN:

backup current controlfile;

backup database include current controlfile;

-- 或者設定RMAN 為自動備份

RMAN > configure controlfile autobackup on;

--演示備份

--用於歸檔模式下的恢復，直接覆蓋到控制檔案

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/control.bak';

Database altered.

--用於重建控制檔案

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/u01/app/oracle/recreate_controlfile.txt';

Database altered.

--使用RMAN備份

RMAN> connect target /;

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1242732291)

RMAN> backup current controlfile; --handle為備份檔案的路徑

Starting backup at 23-MAY-10

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=148 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/

2010_05_23/o1_mf_ncnnf_TAG20100523T131841_5zkgon2l_.bkp tag=TAG20100523T131841 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05

Finished backup at 23-MAY-10

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile;

Starting backup at 23-MAY-10

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=141 devtype=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

input datafile fno=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile fno=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile fno=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

input datafile fno=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf

input datafile fno=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf

input datafile fno=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile fno=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/

2010_05_23/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20100523T132647_5zkh4sk2_.bkp tag=TAG20100523T132647 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:25

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

including current control file in backupset

including current SPFILE in backupset

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 23-MAY-10

piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/

2010_05_23/o1_mf_ncsnf_TAG20100523T132647_5zkhh5st_.bkp tag=TAG20100523T132647 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:14

Finished backup at 23-MAY-10

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; --將控制檔案自動備份功能置為on;

new RMAN configuration parameters:

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

控制檔案的恢復管理

控制檔案版本不一致的問題

用較新版本的控制檔案覆蓋舊版本的控制檔案

直接修改引數control_file

丟失問題

歸檔模式下

當歸檔日誌全的時候,先做全備,然後使用備份的控制檔案恢復即可

當歸檔日誌不全的時候,先做全備,然後建立新的控制檔案即可

非歸檔模式下

先做全備,然後建立新的控制檔案即可

新建控制檔案語句

資料庫處於mount及open狀態

執行alter database backup controlfile to trace as '

';得到建立語句

注意[no]archievelog [no]resetlogs 兩個引數的區別

版本不一致演示

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 88082196 bytes

Database Buffers 159383552 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

ORA-00214: control file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl' version

1051 inconsistent with file '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl'

version 1049

--處理辦法,用版本號高的控制檔案覆蓋版本號低的控制檔案

SQL> host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl;

SQL> host cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl;

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

--控制檔案部分丟失的演示，原本有兩個控制檔案，丟失一個

--處理辦法：

1.將存在的控制檔案複製到目的路徑並更改控制檔名字為正確的控制檔名稱

2.修改控控檔案引數將丟失的控制檔案去掉(一般不建議使用)

SQL> alter system set control_files = ' /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c ontrol01.ctl',

2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl' scope = spfile;

System altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 75499284 bytes

Database Buffers 171966464 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[oracle@robinson ~]$ tail -n 100 /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log

..........................

Tue Jun 8 19:03:42 2010

starting up 1 shared server(s) ...

MMON started with pid=11, OS id=4557

CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=4555

Tue Jun 8 19:03:44 2010

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT

Tue Jun 8 19:03:44 2010

ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/ /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c ontrol01.ctl'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

Tue Jun 8 19:03:47 2010

ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...

--從警告日誌中得知，檔名為c ontrol01.ctl的檔案不存在，故將其改為正確的檔名

SQL> alter system set control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl',

2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl' scope = spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 83887892 bytes

Database Buffers 163577856 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

非歸檔模式下，當所有的控制檔案都丟失，只能重建控制檔案來解決

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 79693588 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

[oracle@robinson ~]$tail -n 100 /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump/alert_orcl.log

ALTER DATABASE MOUNT

Thu Jul 15 12:13:15 2010

ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

--重建控制檔案主要有三個需要考慮的是

--搞清各個日誌檔案的大小及位置

--搞清各個資料檔案的位置

--設定正確的字符集

SQL> CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NOARCHIVELOG NORESTLOGS

2 MAXLOGFILES 16

3 MAXLOGMEMBER 3

4 MAXDATAFILES 20

5 MAXINSTANCES 8

6 MAXLOGHISTORY 3

7 LOGFILE

8 GROUP 1(

9 'u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo1.log',

10 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'

11 ) SIZE 50M,

12 GROUP 2(

13 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log',

14 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log'

15 ) SIZE 50M,

16 GROUP 3(

17 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log',

18 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log'

19 ) SIZE 100M

20 DATAFILE

21 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf',

22 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',

23 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',

24 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

25 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

26 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

27 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'

28 CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1;

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NOARCHIVELOG NORESTLOGS

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01967: invalid option for CREATE CONTROLFILE

SQL> save /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rectl.sql;

Created file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rectl.sql

SQL> ho vim /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rectl.sql

SQL> @/u01/app/oracle/oradata/rectl.sql

Control file created.

--下面給出正確執行後的語句內容

SQL> host cat /u01/app/oracle/oradata/rectl.sql

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "orcl" NOARCHIVELOG NORESETLOGS

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 20

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 3

LOGFILE

GROUP 1(

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log'

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 2(

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo2.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log'

) SIZE 50M,

GROUP 3(

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo3.log',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log'

) SIZE 100M

DATAFILE

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_2.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs1_1.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf',

'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'

CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1

/

--將資料庫切換到open 狀態

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from dual;

D

-

X

--檢視已經新產生了控制檔案

SQL> host ls $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/orcl/control* -l --可以看到新增了控制檔案control01.ctl和control02.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6012928 Jul 15 12:58 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

-rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 7389184 Jul 15 12:04 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl.bak

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6012928 Jul 15 12:58 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

歸檔模式下控制檔案全部丟失的處理

--首先將資料庫切換到歸檔模式

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 79693588 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open ;

Database altered.

--檢視歸檔的狀態

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 1

Next log sequence to archive 3

Current log sequence 3

--備份控制檔案

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rectl.bak';

Database altered.

SQL> create table tb_temp(id int,col1 varchar2(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into tb_temp select 1,'Robinson' from dual;

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile; --切換日誌

System altered.

SQL> archive log list; --日誌切換後sequence由變成

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 2

Next log sequence to archive 4

Current log sequence 4

--模擬控制檔案全部丟失

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 79693588 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info

SQL> show parameter control

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

control_file_record_keep_time integer 7

control_files string /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/c

ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/

oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

--檢視物理控制檔案是否存在

SQL> ho ls /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/contr*

ls: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/contr*: No such file or directory

--建議先對資料庫作備份再將備份的控制檔案複製到引數檔案中指定的位置

SQL> ho cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rectl.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

SQL> ho cp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rectl.bak /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

SQL> alter database mount;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

alter database open

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 251658240 bytes

Fixed Size 1218796 bytes

Variable Size 79693588 bytes

Database Buffers 167772160 bytes

Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from dual;

D

-

X

SQL> select * from tb_temp; --表成功被恢復

ID COL1

---------- --------------------

1 Robinson

SQL> drop table tb_temp purge;

Table dropped.

SQL> archive log list; --日誌的sequence號被置為

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence 1

Next log sequence to archive 1

Current log sequence 1

Oracle 控制檔案(CONTROLFILE)

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