易錯點：
1.listener.ora & tnsnames.ora 的配置，注意寫對sid_name和service_name。
2.密碼檔案要重新建立，並傳到主備庫每個節點上
準備主庫：
SQL> select member from v$logfile;
MEMBER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo09_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo09_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo10_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo10_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo11_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo11_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo12_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo12_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo13_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo13_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo14_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo14_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo15_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo15_b.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/redo16_a.log
+LOGDG/ppm/redo_b/redo16_b.log
1.建立Standby Redo Log
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 17 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo17.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 18 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo18.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 19 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo19.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 20 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo20.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 21 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo21.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 22 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo22.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 23 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo23.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 24 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo24.log') SIZE 500M;
ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE GROUP 25 ('+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a/standby_redo25.log') SIZE 500M;
用以下語句確認建立成功
SELECT GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM gv$STANDBY_LOG;
2.在主庫上tnsnames.ora修改備庫的連線串，並傳到備庫上
PPM =
(DESCRIPTION =
(LOAD_BALANCE = no)
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(LOAD_BALANCE = off)
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.155)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.157)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ppm)
)
)

PPM1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.155)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ppm)
(INSTANCE_NAME = ppm1)
)
)
PPM_standby =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.137)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = ppm)
)
)
3.grid使用者到備庫的$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin(/oracle/app/grid/11.2.0/network/admin)下修改listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(SID_NAME = ppm)
(ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 83.19.14.137)(PORT = 1521)(QUEUESIZE=300))
)
)
)
4.修改主庫的引數檔案
alter system set standby_file_management=auto;
alter system set archive_lag_target=1200;
alter system set fal_client='PPM';
alter system set fal_client='PPM_standby';
alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=+LOGDG/ppm/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=ppm';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PPM_standby ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) reopen=60 db_unique_name=ppm_standby';
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string +DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
5.開始rman備份
準備好指令碼
$ cat ppm.sh
rman target / cmdfile=ppm.rcv log=ppm.log
$ cat ppm.rcv
run{
allocate channel d1 type disk;
allocate channel d2 type disk;
setlimit channel d1 kbytes 20480000;
setlimit channel d2 kbytes 20480000;
backup incremental level 0 format '/mnt/ppmdg/arch_%t_%s_%U.arc' database include current controlfile for standby;
sql "alter system archive log current";
release channel d1;
release channel d2;
}
在後臺執行
sh ppm.sh &
耗時7小時。

準備備庫：

1. hdisk2-6 hdisk12-16 磁碟組名：DATA_DG     hdisk11 磁碟組名：LOGDG
brw------- 1 root system 18, 0 Oct 31 09:15 hdisk0
brw------- 1 root system 18, 1 Nov 02 01:42 hdisk1
brw------- 1 root system 18, 4 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk10
brw------- 1 root system 18, 3 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk11
brw------- 1 root system 18, 7 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk12
brw------- 1 root system 18, 12 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk13
brw------- 1 root system 18, 5 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk14
brw------- 1 root system 18, 11 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk15
brw------- 1 root system 18, 16 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk16
brw------- 1 root system 18, 2 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk2
brw------- 1 root system 18, 9 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk3
brw------- 1 root system 18, 13 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk4
brw------- 1 root system 18, 10 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk5
brw------- 1 root system 18, 14 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk6
brw------- 1 root system 18, 8 Dec 24 05:20 hdisk7
brw------- 1 root system 18, 15 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk8
brw------- 1 root system 18, 6 Dec 24 04:41 hdisk9
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk02 c 18 2;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk03 c 18 9;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk04 c 18 13;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk05 c 18 10;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk06 c 18 14;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk12 c 18 7;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk13 c 18 12;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk14 c 18 5;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk15 c 18 11;
mknod /dev/orcl/datadisk16 c 18 16;
mknod /dev/orcl/logdg c 18 3;
2. asmca有部分盤看不到，dd乾淨
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk2 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk3 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk4 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk5 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk6 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk11 count=100
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/hdisk12 count=100
再重新asmca建DATA_DG和LOGDG
3.asmcmd進入後照著主庫的目錄結構建立目錄

4.修改備庫的引數檔案initppm.ora：
*.fal_client='PPM_standby'
*.fal_server='PPM'
*.db_unique_name=ppm_standby
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=+LOGDG/ppm/arch VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) db_unique_name=ppm_standby'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=PPM ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) reopen=60 db_unique_name=ppm'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='enable'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
log_file_name_convert='+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a','+LOGDG/ppm/redo_a'
5.生成spfile檔案：
create spfile='+DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora' from pfile;
shutdown immediate;
mv initppm.ora initppm.ora.bak20131227
vi initppm.ora
spfile='+DATA_DG/ppm/spfileppm.ora'
startup nomount
6.在主庫備控制檔案
backup device type disk format '/mnt/ppmdg/ctl%U' current controlfile for standby;
7.然後在備庫恢復
restore standby controlfile from '/mnt/dmp/ppmdg/ctl2eot2556_1_1';
startup mount
8.恢復資料檔案
run {
restore database ;
switch datafile all;
}
9.等了8個小時恢完之後在主備庫分別執行
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable;
10.並開啟實時應用，看到備庫沒有歸檔檔案傳過來。日誌報錯：
------------------------------------------------------------
FAL[client, USER]: Error 16191 connecting to PPM for fetching gap sequence
Sat Dec 28 07:58:43 2013
Error 1017 received logging on to the standby
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the primary and standby are using a password file
and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE,
and that the SYS password is same in the password files.
returning error ORA-16191
------------------------------------------------------------
11.密碼檔案沒統一。在主庫一節點重新生成一遍3個密碼檔案，並傳到二節點和備庫上。重啟備庫。開啟實時應用
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
12.看到歸檔傳ing ，最終兩邊查到的最大歸檔號一致。切個日誌兩邊同步。
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$log_history;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
4787
done

主庫RAC,備庫單節點ASM的dataguard搭建

準備備庫：

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