32位Linux下安裝Oracle 10g

一、Checking the Hardware Requirements

1、At least 1024 MB of physical RAM

    [root@localhost proc]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo

MemTotal:      1034564 kB

2、The relationship between installed RAM and the

configured swap space requirement.

RAM	Swap Space
Between 1024 MB and 2048 MB	1.5 times the size of RAM
Between 2049 MB and 8192 MB	Equal to the size of RAM
More than 8192 MB	0.75 times the size of RAM

 

[root@localhost proc]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

SwapTotal:     1048568 kB

3、400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory

    [root@localhost /]# df -k /tmp

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

                       9127580   2993472   5670444  35% /

4、Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on the installation type.

[root@localhost /]# df -k

Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on

/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00

                       9127580   2993472   5670444  35% /

/dev/sda1               101086     13291     82576  14% /boot

none                    517280         0    517280   0% /dev/shm

5、1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured  database that uses file system storage (optional)

6、Additional disk space, either on a file system or in an Automatic Storage Management disk group, is required for the flash recovery area if you choose to configure automated backups.

 

二、Checking the Software Requirements

Item	Requirement
Operating system	One of the following operating system versions: ■ Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS/ES 3.0 (Update 4 or later) ■ Red Hat Linux 4.0 ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0 with SP 2 or later ■ Asianux 1.0 ■ Asianux 2.0 Kernel version The system must be
Kernel version	The system must be runn ing the following kernel version (or a later version): Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0: 2.4.21-27.EL Note: This is the default kernel version. Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0: 2.6.9-5.EL SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9.0: 2.6.5-7.201
Packages	The following packages (or  later versions) must be installed: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3.0 and Asianux 1.0: make-3.79.1 gcc-3.2.3-34 glibc-2.3.2-95.20 compat-db-4.0.14-5 compat-gcc-7.3-2.96.128 compat-gcc-c++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-7.3-2.96.128 compat-libstdc++-devel-7.3-2.96.128 openmotif21-2.1.30-8 setarch-1.3-1 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4.0 and Asianux 2.0: binutils-2.15.92.0.2-13.EL4 compat-db-4.1.25-9 compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-132.7.2 control-center-2.8.0-12 gcc-3.4.3-22.1.EL4 gcc-c++-3.4.3-22.1.EL44 glibc-2.3.4-2.9 glibc-common-2.3.4-2.9 gnome-libs-1.4.1.2.90-44.1 libstdc++-3.4.3-22.1 libstdc++-devel-3.4.3-22.1 make-3.80-5 pdksh-5.2.14-30 sysstat-5.0.5-1 xscreensaver-4.18-5.rhel4.2 setarch-1.6-1 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 9: binutils-2.15.90.0.1.1-32.5 gcc-3.3.3-43.24 gcc-c++-3.3.3-43.24 glibc-2.3.3-98.28 gnome-libs-1.4.1.7-671.1 make-3.80-184.1 libstdc++-3.3.3-43.24 libstdc++-devel-3.3.3-43.24 pdksh-5.2.14-780.1 sysstat-5.0.1-35.1 xscreensaver-4.16-2.6
Oracle Messaging Gateway	Oracle Messaging Gateway support s the integration of Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) with the following software: ■ IBM WebSphere MQ V5.3, client  and server, with corrective service diskette 5 (CSD05) or later: MQSeriesClient MQSeriesServer MQSeriesRuntime ■ TIBCO Rendezvous 7.2
PL/SQL native compilation, Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, Oracle XML Developer’s Kit (XDK)	The version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed previously for the distribution are supported  for use with these products. Notes:  Intel C++ Compiler v7.1.0.28 or later is also supported, however it is not required for installation. On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3, OCCI is supported with both version 2.96-128 and version 3.2 of the GNU C++ compiler, however, version 3.2 is the default compiler version. OCCI is also supported with Intel Compiler v8.0 with gcc 3.2.3 standard template libraries. Intel C++ Compiler v7 does not support OCCI.
Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers	You can use the following optional JDK version with the Oracle JDBC/OCI drivers; however, it is  not required for the installation: ■ Sun JDK 1.4.2_08 with the JNDI extension Note: JDK 1.4.2 is installed with this release.

 

1、           To determine which distribution and version of Linux is installed.

      [root@localhost etc]# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 4 (Nahant Update 6)

Kernel \r on an \m      

2、           To determine whether the required kernel is installed.

      [root@localhost etc]# uname -r

2.6.9-67.ELsmp

3、   To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following:

      # rpm -q package_name

 

三、Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

    

1、           Creating the Oracle Inventory Group

The Oracle Inventory group ( oinstall )

You must create this group the first time you install Oracle software on the system. The usual name chosen for this group is  oinstall . This group owns the Oracle inventory, which is a catalog of all Or acle software installed on the system.

     [root@localhost /]# groupadd oinstall

 

2、           Creating the OSDBA Group

      The OSDBA group ( dba )

      You must create this group the first time you install Oracle Database software on the system. It identifies operating syst em user accounts that have database administrative privileges (the SYSDBA privilege). The default name for this group is  dba.

      [root@localhost /]# groupadd dba

3、           Creating an OSOPER Group (Optional)

      The OSOPER group (oper)

      This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of database administrative privileges (the SYSOPER privilege). By  default, members of the OSDBA group also have the SYSOPER privilege. For most installations, it is sufficient to create only the OSDBA group.

      [root@localhost /]# groupadd oper

 

4、           Creating the Oracle  Software Owner User

      The Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle )

      You must create this user the first time you install Oracle software on the system. This user owns all of the software installed during the installation. This user must have the Oracle Inventory group as its primary group. It must also have the OSDBA and OSOPER groups as secondary groups.

   [root@localhost /]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle

 

l          The  -g option specifies the primary group, which must be the Oracle Inventory group

l          The  -G option specifies the secondary groups, which must include the OSDBA group and if required, the OSOPER group.

 

 

5、           Verifying that the User nobody Exists

      Verify that the unprivileged user nobody exists on the system. The nobody user must own the external jobs (extjob) executable after the installation.

      [root@localhost /]# id nobody

uid=99(nobody) gid=99(nobody) groups=99(nobody)

 

 

四、Configuring Kernel Parameters

1、Verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the recommended value shown.

Parameter	Value	File
semmsl	250	/proc/sys/kernel/sem
semmns	32000
semopm	100
semmni	128
shmall	2097152	/proc/sys/kernel/shmall
shmmax	Half the size of physical memory (in bytes)	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax
shmmni	4096	/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni
file-max	65536	/proc/sys/fs/file-max
ip_local_port_range	Minimum:1024 Maximum: 65000	/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range
rmem_default	1048576	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default
rmem_max	1048576	/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max
wmem_default	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default
wmem_max	262144	/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max

 

 

（1）、view the current values of the kernel parameters:

   

Parameter	Command
semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed
shmall, shmmax, and shmmni	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm This command displays the details of the shared memory segment sizes.
file-max	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max This command displays the maximum number of file handles.
ip_local_port_range	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range This command displays a range of port numbers.
rmem_default	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default
rmem_max	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max
wmem_default	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default
wmem_max	# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max

 

 

（2）、If the value of any kernel parameter is  different from the recommended value,then create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf  file, and add or edit lines similar to the following:

   kernel.shmall = 2097152

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

fs.file-max = 65536

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000

net.core.rmem_default = 1048576

net.core.rmem_max = 1048576

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 262144

 

By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist when you restart the system.

 

2、           Setting Shell Limits for the oracle User

To improve the performance of the software on Linux systems, you must increase the following shell limits for the oracle user:

Shell Limit	Item in limits.conf	Hard Limit
Maximum number of open file descriptors	nofile	65536
Maximum number of processes available to a single user	nproc	16384

 

（1）、Add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

     oracle              soft    nproc   2047

oracle              hard    nproc   16384

oracle              soft    nofile  1024

oracle              hard    nofile  65536

（2）、Add or edit the following line in the /etc/pam.d/login file, if it does not already exist:

     session    required     /lib/security/pam_limits.so

session    required     pam_limits.so

 

（3）、Depending on the oracle  user's default shell, make the following changes to the default shell start-up file:

For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the following lines to the /etc/profile file.

 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then

       if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then

       ulimit -p 16384

       ulimit -n 65536

  else

       ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536

  fi

fi

 

 

 

五、Creating Directories

1、Oracle Base Directory

   [root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /app/oracle

 

   [root@localhost /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /app/oracle

[root@localhost /]# chmod -R 775 /app/oracle

 

2、           Oracle Inventory Directory

The Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory) stores an inventory of all software installed on the system. Oracle recommends that you choose the following path:

oracle_base/oraInventory

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /app/oracle/oraInventory

 

3、           Oracle Home Directory

[root@localhost /]# mkdir -p /app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1

 

 

4、           Directories for Placing Oracle Database Files and Recovery Files on a File System

  

Database file directory:

[root@localhost /]# mkdir /app/oradata

[root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall /app/oradata

[root@localhost /]# chmod 775 /app/oradata

 

  

   Recovery file directory (flash recovery area):

   [root@localhost /]# mkdir /app/flash_recovery_area

[root@localhost /]# chown oracle:oinstall /app/flash_recovery_area

[root@localhost /]# chmod 775 /app/flash_recovery_area

 

 

六、Configuring the oracle User’s Environment

 

  [oracle@localhost ~]$ vi .bash_profile

 

#Oracle Settings

ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME

ORACLE_SID=tsid; export ORACLE_SID

PATH=/usr/sbim:$PATH; export PATH

PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH

 

 

 

 

 

 

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