新近剛上的FTP備份伺服器,例行檢查/var/log/secure日誌時,發現不少sshd和vsftpd失敗認證資訊,很明顯有人想用暴力破解工具竊取密碼,所以需要編寫一個安全指令碼防止。

指令碼需求如下:此SHELL指令碼放在crontab計劃任務裡,每隔6小時(此時間根據實際情況來定義)就去讀取/var/log/secure指令碼,取出裡面惡意猜測IP,如果單位時間內(一星期)的連線數是高於一個閥值,例如100(此閥值也可以根據實際情況來定義),則將其加進/etc/hosts.deny黑名單裡,如果低於此閥值,則無視此IP。

/var/log/secure裡認證失敗資訊如下:
Nov 28 10:18:08 centos2 sshd[7556]: Connection closed by 222.216.30.109
Nov 28 10:18:08 centos2 sshd[7557]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=222.216.30.109 user=root
Nov 28 10:18:09 centos2 sshd[7559]: pam_unix(sshd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ssh ruser= rhost=222.216.30.109 user=root
Nov 28 10:18:10 centos2 sshd[7551]: Failed password for root from 222.216.30.109 port 2391 ssh2
Nov 28 10:18:10 centos2 sshd[7552]: Connection closed by 222.216.30.109
Nov 28 10:18:10 centos2 sshd[7553]: Failed password for root from 222.216.30.109 port 2397 ssh2
Nov 28 10:18:10 centos2 sshd[7554]: Connection closed by 222.216.30.109
Nov 28 10:18:11 centos2 sshd[7557]: Failed password for root from 222.216.30.109 port 2401 ssh2
Nov 28 10:18:11 centos2 sshd[7558]: Connection closed by 222.216.30.109
Nov 28 10:18:11 centos2 sshd[7559]: Failed password for root from 222.216.30.109 port 2403 ssh2
Nov 28 10:18:11 centos2 sshd[7560]: Connection closed by 222.216.30.109
Nov 28 10:37:01 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov 28 10:37:01 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ftp ruser=hello rhost=centos1.cn7788.com
Nov 28 10:37:01 centos2 vsftpd: pam_succeed_if(vsftpd:auth): error retrieving information about user hello
Nov 28 10:37:19 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov 28 10:37:19 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ftp ruser=yhc rhost=centos1.cn7788.com
Nov 28 10:37:19 centos2 vsftpd: pam_succeed_if(vsftpd:auth): error retrieving information about user yhc
Nov 28 10:37:36 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov 28 10:37:36 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ftp ruser=yuhongchun rhost=centos1.cn7788.com
Nov 28 10:37:36 centos2 vsftpd: pam_succeed_if(vsftpd:auth): error retrieving information about user yuhongchun
Nov 28 10:42:44 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov 28 10:42:44 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ftp ruser=yuhongchun rhost=114.112.169.70
Nov 28 10:42:44 centos2 vsftpd: pam_succeed_if(vsftpd:auth): error retrieving information about user yuhongchun
Nov 28 10:42:56 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): check pass; user unknown
Nov 28 10:42:56 centos2 vsftpd: pam_unix(vsftpd:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=0 euid=0 tty=ftp ruser=andrewyu rhost=114.112.169.70
Nov 28 10:42:56 centos2 vsftpd: pam_succeed_if(vsftpd:auth): error retrieving information about user andrewyu

我們觀察下/var/log/secure檔案輪詢特徵,如下所示:

ls -lsart secure.*
512 -rw------- 1 root root 516379 11-04 01:31 secure.4
660 -rw------- 1 root root 668192 11-11 00:05 secure.3
304 -rw------- 1 root root 306589 11-17 10:33 secure.2
484 -rw------- 1 root root 488620 11-25 02:33 secure.1

基本上,/var/log/secure檔案是以星期為輪詢週期的,如果對安全要求嚴格的朋友還可以本著“一個不放過”的原則來抓取上面的舊secure的惡意IP,然後扔進/etc/hosts.deny檔案裡。下面我們就們就要想辦法高效的來抓取這些惡意IP,如果參考原始版本的SHELL指令碼寫法,,我們這裡要抓取secure日誌中的偵測vsftpd及sshd

服務的IP地址,我們可以用如下命令,命令如下所示:

cat /var/log/secure | awk `/Failed/{print $(NF-3)}`| sort| uniq -c| awk `{print $2"="$1;}`

很明顯,這樣是取不到vsftpd失敗的IP值的,sshd日誌失敗資訊跟vsftpd日誌失敗信息不一樣,我寫了幾種awk混合sed的方法,測試了效率,感覺用awk指令碼速度是最快的,大家也可以寫幾種,用time命令測試下;最後精簡了下程式碼,完成了整個指令碼,腳

本內容如下所示:

#!/bin/bash
awk `{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i ~ /rhost/)print substr($i,7)}}` /var/log/secure | sort | uniq    -c>/root/black.txt
DEFINE="100"
cat     /root/black.txt |    while read LINE
do
               NUM=`echo $LINE |awk `{print $1}``
               host=`echo $LINE    |awk `{print $2}``
               if [ $NUM -gt $DEFINE ];
               then
                grep $host    /etc/hosts.deny > /dev/null
                   if [ $? -gt 0 ];
                   then
                   echo "sshd:$host"     >> /etc/hosts.deny
                   echo "vsftpd:$host" >> /etc/hosts.deny
                   fi
               fi
done


指令碼執行一段時間後,我們可以觀察此指令碼涉及到的一些檔案,如/root/black.txt,結果如下所示:

cat /root/black.txt
               2 113.17.144.156
               4 114.112.51.208
               4 114.112.69.170
           169 118-163-227-50.hinet-ip.hinet.net
               8 119.188.7.200
               8 122.70.130.11
            61 124.248.32.246
            12 183.203.14.121
               3 189.26.255.11
            56 199.204.237.60
               3 199.30.53.220
               5 201.236.80.4
               6 220.172.191.31
            30 222.216.30.109
            60 222.253.159.111
            58 223.4.180.23
           166 58.221.42.178
               1 61.132.4.85
           152 61.142.106.34
            22 61.167.33.222
               7 85.126.166.83
           166 www.b-nets.com

/etc/hosts.deny指令碼內容如下:

sshd:124.248.32.246
vsftpd:124.248.32.246
sshd:199.204.237.60
vsftpd:199.204.237.60
sshd:222.253.159.111
vsftpd:222.253.159.111
sshd:223.4.180.23
vsftpd:223.4.180.23
sshd:58.221.42.178
vsftpd:58.221.42.178
sshd:61.142.106.34
vsftpd:61.142.106.34
sshd:118-163-227-50.hinet-ip.hinet.net
vsftpd:118-163-227-50.hinet-ip.hinet.net
sshd:www.b-nets.com
vsftpd:www.b-nets.com

最後,我們將此shell指令碼放進crontab 裡,每間隔六小時就執行一次,命令如下:

* */6 * * * root /bin/bash /root/hostsdeny.sh >> /dev/null 2>&1

由於/var/log/secure日誌是以星期為輪詢的,此指令碼執行頻率可自行設定,如果感覺伺服器被頻繁偵測,執行頻率間隔可設定短些,反之,可設定長些。附註:如果僅僅只是要防止SSH暴力破解,這個指令碼就沒必要更新了,可以採納我原先的SHELL指令碼(即原始版本),此更新指令碼適合部署在有FTP的公網機器上面,目前測試比較穩定,但感覺還是有不完美的地方,歡迎大家來信交流,撫琴煮酒(yuhognchun027@163.com)。