android Gradle的神奇之處

許佳佳233發表於2016-04-24
AndroidGradle

轉載請註明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/crazy1235/article/details/50465885

Google I/O 2013大會上釋出了AS，如今已經發展到2.0-beta版本。相信已經大部分人做Android開發的都已經由Eclipse IDE轉為AS IDE。

隨著AS版本的更迭，也帶來不少為為開發者提供便利的工具。比如這篇blog所描述的：http://blog.csdn.net/crazy1235/article/details/49747141

本人從AS1.2版本開始使用，如今也用了大半年了。現將使用過程中的一些經驗分享給大家。

 

 

gradle的基本配置

<code class="hljs rust has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">apply plugin: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.application'</span>

android {
    compileSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span>
    buildToolsVersion <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"23.0.2"</span>

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.jacksen.multichannel"</span>
        minSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">14</span>
        targetSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">23</span>
        versionCode <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>
        versionName <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span>
    }
    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-android.txt'</span>), <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-rules.pro'</span>
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    compile fileTree(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">dir</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'libs'</span>, include: [<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'*.jar'</span>])
    testCompile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'junit:junit:4.12'</span>
    compile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.1.1'</span>
    compile <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.support:design:23.1.1'</span>
}
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li></ul>

上面的就是一個專案gradle的基本配置。

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">apply plugin: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.android.application'</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

表示該module是一個app module，應用了com.android.application外掛，也就是主程式。如果是一個第三方library，則應該是app plugin: ‘com.android.library’

buildTypes { } 表示構建型別。包括release和debug兩種。可以在這裡面配置啟用混淆、zipAlign、簽名資訊等。

dependencies { } 裡面是專案的依賴資訊，包括jar包和第三方庫等資訊。

ApplicationId與PackageName的區別：

此前使用eclipse進行開發的時候，應用程式的包名是由manifest檔案的package屬性決定的：

<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><manifest xmlns:android=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"</span>
    <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">package</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.xxx.xxxx"</span>
    android:versionCode=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1"</span>
    android:versionName=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span> ></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li></ul>

然而在使用gradle構建的時候卻多了一個applicationId。通常gradle中的applicationId和Manifest中的package是一樣的。其實可以使二者一致。

官方解釋說是：applicationId是你的應用在商店的唯一標識。而package是引用資源的路徑名，也就是R檔案的包名。

上面我們說到二者可以不一致，我們可以通過對不同的Flavor設定不同的applicationId，從而可以匯出不同“包名”的apk，而不需要修改其他的程式碼。後面會仔細說明。

gradle的簽名配置

關於簽名的概念不懂得，可以參考這篇blog：Android從零單排之簽名打包

我們通常執行專案都是使用debug的簽名。不過有些使用到第三方sdk的時候，需要用到正式版的簽名，通過打包正式簽名的方式又不好除錯。不過我們可以在gradle裡面配置正式版的簽名。

<code class="hljs livecodeserver has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">android {
    signingConfigs {
        config_release {
            keyAlias <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'releaseKey'</span>
            keyPassword <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'123456'</span>
            storePassword <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'123456'</span>
            storeFile <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">file</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'key/releaseKey.jks'</span>)
        }

        config_debug {
            keyAlias <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'debugKey'</span>
            keyPassword <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'123456'</span>
            storePassword <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'123456'</span>
            storeFile <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">file</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'key/debugKey.jks'</span>)
        }
    }
    .....<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">.//省略其他配置</span>
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>

這裡配置了兩個簽名。jsk都放在app下面的key資料夾中。所以使用的是相對路徑。

這裡寫圖片描述

之前有人問我是怎麼知道keyAlias 、keyPassword這些語法的。其實在專案的【Project Structure】中都可以找到。

這裡寫圖片描述

配置buildTypes

一般在buildTypes{ }裡面配置兩個（release和debug）：

<code class="hljs nginx has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">buildTypes</span> {
        <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">release</span> {
            <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">minifyEnabled</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-android.txt'</span>), <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'proguard-rules.pro'</span>
            shrinkResources <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span> //移除無效的resource檔案，必須允許ProGuard才能生效
            zipAlignEnabled <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>
            buildConfigField <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"boolean"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"APP_TYPE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>
            manifestPlaceholders = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name_release"</span>]
            signingConfig signingConfigs.config
        }
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">debug</span> {
            <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">buildConfigField</span> <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"boolean"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"APP_TYPE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"false"</span>
//            manifestPlaceholders = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name_debug"</span>]
            applicationIdSuffix <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'debug'</span>
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li></ul>

這裡可配置的資訊很多，比如：是否可以是debug模式、簽名配置、混淆檔案等。

圖片名稱

配置productFlavor

多渠道打包，關鍵就在於定義多個productFlavor。

在一個flavor裡面可配置的資訊很多。

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">productFlavors {
        flavor_release {
            buildConfigField <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"boolean"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"APP_TYPE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"false"</span>
            applicationId <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.jacksen.multichannel.release'</span>
            signingConfig signingConfigs.config_release
            minSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">9</span>
            targetSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">15</span>
            versionCode <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>
            versionName <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'2.0.1'</span>
        }
        flavor_debug {
            minSdkVersion <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">10</span>
            applicationId <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'com.jacksen.multichannel.debug'</span>
            signingConfig signingConfigs.config_debug
            versionCode <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">5</span>
            versionName <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'5.0'</span>
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul>

最主要的是可以在這裡配置applicationId，就是我們上面一開始說的打包多個不同“包名”的apk。

這樣有一個應用場景就是，我們一般通過debug版本進行測試之後，在進行release版本的測試。不過同一個applicationId的apk在一個測試機上只能存在一個。現在我們通過配置多個flavor對應多個applicationId，就可以在測試機上執行測試版和正式版兩個apk了。

圖片名稱

productFlavors{ } 與 buildTypes{ }裡面的配置是多對多的關係。 
比如：

<code class="hljs r has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">buildTypes {
    release {<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>}
    debug {<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>}
}
productFlavors {
    flavor_1 {<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>}
    flavor_2 {<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>}
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

此時的配置可以打包出四個apk，分別是： 
這裡寫圖片描述

我們在使用as的打包工具時，可以選擇打包某一個Build type的某一個或多個Flavors:

圖片名稱

如果在gradle裡面配置了簽名資訊，那麼在【Generate Signed APK】的第一步填寫的簽名資訊是以在gradle裡面配置並引用的為準。

我們還可以藉助gradlew命令來打包： 
比如打包flavor_1對應的release和debug版本:

這裡寫圖片描述

圖片名稱

打包flavor_2對應的release版本：

這裡寫圖片描述

實際上，我們不用再記住這些命令。AS裡面的gradle外掛就可以實現。 
在AS的右側會有【Gradle】tab頁面。開啟之後，先重新整理一下。會看到如下圖示：

圖片名稱

通過雙擊右邊的命令打包不同的版本。

除了build下面的命令，還有其他的命令，大家都可以嘗試一下，根據名字應該就能知道什麼意思，這裡不多介紹了。

manifest佔位符

在打包多個版本的時候，會遇到修改應用名稱等需求。不同的flavor有要求不通的名稱。此時可以在Manifest檔案中使用佔位符，然後在build.gradle中替換佔位符就行了。

首先定義佔位符：

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box;">application</span>
        android:allowBackup=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>
        android:icon=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"@mipmap/ic_launcher"</span>
        android:label=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"${APP_NAME}"</span>
        android:supportsRtl=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>
        android:theme=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"@style/AppTheme"</span>>
        <activity
            android:<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".LoginActivity"</span>
            android:label=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"${APP_NAME}"</span>>
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android.intent.action.MAIN"</span> />
                <category android:<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android.intent.category.LAUNCHER"</span> />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
    </<span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box;">application</span>></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>

在build.gradle中替換：

<code class="hljs nginx has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">buildTypes</span> {
        <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">release</span> {
            <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">manifestPlaceholders</span> = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name1"</span>]
        }
        <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(155, 133, 157); box-sizing: border-box;">debug</span> {
            <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">manifestPlaceholders</span> = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name1"</span>]
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>
<code class="hljs perl has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"> productFlavors {
        flavor_1 {
            manifestPlaceholders = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name1"</span>]
        }
        flavor_2 {
            manifestPlaceholders = [APP_NAME: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<span class="hljs-variable" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">@string</span>/app_name2"</span>]
        }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

如果在productFlavors和buildTypes裡面都進行了替換，那麼是以productFlavors裡面的為準。

如果不區分productFlavors和buildTypes的話，也可以在defaultConfig裡進行替換：

<code class="hljs haskell has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-default" style="box-sizing: border-box;">defaultConfig {</span>
        manifestPlaceholders = [<span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">APP_NAME</span>: <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"@string/app_name_release"</span>]
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li></ul>

其實defaultConfig也是productFlavors的一個子集。

新增自定義欄位

Gradle在generateSources階段為每一個flavor生成兩個BuildConfig.Java檔案（對應在release和debug資料夾下）。

BuildConfig類預設會提供一些常量欄位。

<code class="hljs java has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-class" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">class</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">BuildConfig</span> {</span>
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">boolean</span> DEBUG = Boolean.parseBoolean(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>);
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String APPLICATION_ID = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.jacksen.multichannel"</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String BUILD_TYPE = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"debug"</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String FLAVOR = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">int</span> VERSION_CODE = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
  <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">public</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">final</span> String VERSION_NAME = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"1.0"</span>;
}</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li></ul>

雖然通過上面的操作，我們可以同時打包出一個debug版本和一個release版本。但是我們還需要執行的時候有不同的表現。比如，release版本不顯示一些控制元件。

令人驚奇的是，我們可以通過buildConfigField在gradle裡面自定義一些欄位。

<code class="hljs bash has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">buildConfigField <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"String"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"APP_TYPE"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"debug"</span>
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

我們可以檢視buildConfigField的原始碼：

<code class="hljs applescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">/**
     * Adds a new field <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">to</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> generated BuildConfig <span class="hljs-type" style="box-sizing: border-box;">class</span>.
     *
     * <p>The field <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> generated <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">as</span>: <code>&lt;type&gt; &lt;<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>&gt; = &lt;value&gt;;</code>
     *
     * <p>This means each <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> these must have valid Java content. If <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> type <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">is</span> a String, <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">then</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span>
     * value should include quotes.
     *
     * @param type <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> type <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> field
     * @param <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> field
     * @param value <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> value <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">of</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">the</span> field
     */
    public void buildConfigField(
            @NonNull String type,
            @NonNull String <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>,
            @NonNull String value) {
        ClassField alreadyPresent = getBuildConfigFields().<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">get</span>(<span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>);
        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (alreadyPresent != null) {
            logger.info(
                    <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"BuildType(${getName()}): buildConfigField '$name' value is being replaced: ${alreadyPresent.value} -> $value"</span>);
        }
        addBuildConfigField(AndroidBuilder.createClassField(type, <span class="hljs-property" style="box-sizing: border-box;">name</span>, value));
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>

註釋寫的很詳細。該方法就是新增一個field到BuildConfig類中。三個引數都是不可為空的。

新增完畢之後，就可以在程式碼中使用了：

<code class="hljs avrasm has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">textView<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.setText</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"BuildConfig.APP_TYPE : "</span> + BuildConfig<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); box-sizing: border-box;">.APP</span>_TYPE)<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">;</span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li></ul>

自定義匯出APK的名稱

我直接上程式碼吧。

<code class="hljs coffeescript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">/*applicationVariants.all {
        variant<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> -></span>
            variant.outputs.each {
                output<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> -></span>
                    def outputFile = output.outputFile
                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (outputFile != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> && outputFile.name.endsWith(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.apk'</span>)) {
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>                        def fileName = outputFile.name.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".apk"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"-${defaultConfig.versionName}.apk"</span>)
                        def apkType = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>
                        <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (variant.flavorName.equals(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"releaseFlavor"</span>)){
                            apkType = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"release"</span>
                        }<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span>(variant.flavorName.equals(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"debugFlavor"</span>)){
                            apkType = <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"debug"</span>
                        }
                        def fileName = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(output.outputFile.getParent(), <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"app-"</span> + apkType + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"-${variant.versionName}.apk"</span>)
<span class="hljs-regexp" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//</span>                        output.outputFile = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(outputFile.parent, fileName)
                        output.outputFile = fileName
                    }
            }
    }*/

    applicationVariants.all {
        variant<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> -></span>
            variant.outputs.each {
                output<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"> -></span>
                    def outputFile = output.outputFile
                    <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (outputFile != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> && outputFile.name.endsWith(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'.apk'</span>)) {
                        def fileName = outputFile.name.replace(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">".apk"</span>, <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"-${defaultConfig.versionCode}-${defaultConfig.versionName}.apk"</span>)
                        output.outputFile = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> File(outputFile.parent, fileName)
                    }
            }
    }</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li></ul>

這裡有兩種方式，大家執行一下測試一下就明白了。

以上就是我對gradle的一些認識~~~

Demo下載

https://github.com/crazy1235/MultiChannel

歡迎star~~

參考： 
http://tech.meituan.com/mt-apk-adaptation.html 
http://www.jayfeng.com/2015/11/07/Android%E6%89%93%E5%8C%85%E7%9A%84%E9%82%A3%E4%BA%9B%E4%BA%8B/ 
http://www.jcodecraeer.com/a/anzhuokaifa/Android_Studio/2015/0810/3281.html

此篇blog到此結束~ 
感謝大家支援！如有錯誤，請指出~ 
謝謝~

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