Spring 整合 Hibernate

這篇文章將展示如何使用 Hibernate 在 Spring框架進行 MySQL 資料庫的資料處理工作(插入，選擇，更新和刪除)。由IOC容器來管理Hibernate的SessionFactory，讓Hibernate使用上Spring的宣告式事務。
1. 建立表結構

CREATE TABLE `article` (
	`id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
        `title` varchar(100) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
	`content` text,
	PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
);

2. 建立專案spring-hibernate

3. pom.xml配置檔案新增jar依賴

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>com.angelia</groupId>
	<artifactId>spring-hibernate</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

	<name>spring-hibernate</name>
	<url>http://www.example.com</url>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<spring.version>5.0.9.RELEASE</spring.version>
		<hibernate.version>5.2.1.Final</hibernate.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>

		<!-- spring需要的jar包依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
			<version>${spring.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- hibernate的jar包依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
			<version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>

		<!-- mysql的jar包依賴 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>8.0.12</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
			<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
			<version>1.4</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.11</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<!-- AspectJ依賴jar -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.aspectj/aspectjtools -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjtools</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.0</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
			<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
			<version>1.9.0</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

4. 建立實體類，資料訪問物件和業務物件

業務物件(Service)和資料訪問物件(DAO)模式是有助於清楚地識別層。

public class Article {
	private int id;
	private String title;
	private String content;	
	
        // getters and setters
}

public interface ArticleDao {
	public void insert(Article article);
	public void update(Article article);
	public void delete(Article article);
	
	public List<Article> getArticles();
	public Article getArticleById(int id);
}

public class ArticleDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements ArticleDao {

	public void insert(Article article) {
		getHibernateTemplate().save(article);
	}
	public void update(Article article) {
		getHibernateTemplate().update(article);
	}
	public void delete(Article article) {
		getHibernateTemplate().delete(article);
	}
	public List<Article> getArticles() {
		//from 類名（Article），注意大小寫
		return (List<Article>) getHibernateTemplate().find("from Article");
	}
	public Article getArticleById(int id) {
		List articles = getHibernateTemplate().find("from Article where id = ?", id);
		return (Article) articles.get(0);
	}
}

public interface ArticleService {
	public void save(Article article);
	public void update(Article article);
	public void remove(Article article);
	
	public List<Article> findArticles();
	public Article findArticleById(int id);
}
public class ArticleServiceImpl implements ArticleService {
	private ArticleDao articleDao;
	public void setArticleDao(ArticleDao articleDao) {
		this.articleDao = articleDao;
	}
	public void save(Article article) {
		articleDao.insert(article);
	}
	public void update(Article article) {
		articleDao.update(article);
	}
	public void remove(Article article) {
		articleDao.delete(article);
	}
	public List<Article> findArticles() {
		return articleDao.getArticles();
	}
	public Article findArticleById(int id) {
		return articleDao.getArticleById(id);
	}
}

5. 資源配置

建立 Article 的 Hibernate 對映檔案 Article.hbm.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
          "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
          "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="com.angelia.sh.model.Article" table="article" >
        <id name="id">
            <column name="id" />
            <generator class="increment"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="title" type="string">
            <column name="title" length="100" not-null="true" />
        </property>
        <property name="content" type="string">
            <column name="content"/>
        </property>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

建立Hibernate配置檔案Hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <!-- 配置Hibernate的基本屬性 -->
        <!-- 1.資料來源配置到IOC容器中 -->
        <!-- 2.關聯的.hbm.xml也在IOC容器配置SessionFactory例項 -->
        <!-- 3.配置Hibernate的基本屬性：方言，SQL顯示及格式化，生成資料表的策略以及二級快取 -->
        <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</property>
        <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
        
        <mapping resource="Article.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

建立Spring的資料來源配置檔案 database.properties， Spring-Datasource.xml

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring_hibernate?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=root

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">

	<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
		<property name="location">
			<value>database.properties</value>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
		destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
	</bean>

	<bean id="sessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<!-- 注入datasource，給sessionfactoryBean內setdatasource提供資料來源 -->
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<!-- 載入hibernate配置檔案 -->
		<property name="configLocation" value="Hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
	</bean>

	<!-- 配置Spring宣告式事務 -->
	<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<!-- <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" /> -->

	<!-- 配置事務事務屬性 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="txManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="remove*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="insert*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
			<tx:method name="*" read-only="true" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>

	<!-- 配置事務切點，並把切點和事務屬性關聯起來 -->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(public * com.angelia.sh.service.ArticleServiceImpl*.*(..))" id="txPointcut" />
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut" />
	</aop:config>

</beans>

 常見Beans配置檔案Spring-Bean.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<bean id="articleService" class="com.angelia.sh.service.ArticleServiceImpl">
		<property name="articleDao" ref="articleDao" />
	</bean>

	<!-- Article Data Access Object -->
	<bean id="articleDao" class="com.angelia.sh.dao.ArticleDaoImpl">
		<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
	</bean>
</beans>

匯入所有的Spring bean配置檔案合併為一個檔案(Spring-Hibernate-All-Cfg.xml)。

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
	http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">

	<!-- Database Configuration -->
	<import resource="Spring-Datasource.xml" />
	<!-- Beans Declaration -->
	<import resource="Spring-Bean.xml" />
</beans>

6. 建立測試類，執行它。

public class SpringHibernateTest {
	@Test
	public void shouldAnswerWithTrue() {
		ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Spring-Hibernate-All-Cfg.xml");
		ArticleService articleService = (ArticleService) context.getBean("articleService");

		/** save **/
		Article article = new Article();
		article.setTitle("Spring 整合 Hibernate");
		article.setContent("Spring 整合 Hibernate 詳解");
		articleService.save(article);

		/** select **/
		Article article2 = articleService.findArticleById(1);
		System.out.println(article2);
		/** update **/
		article2.setContent("Spring 整合 Hibernate 詳解 被更新了。。。");
		articleService.update(article2);
		/** remove **/
		articleService.remove(article2);
		
		System.out.println(articleService.findArticles());
	}
}

 程式碼連結: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1U2YEoGzovhB9UjdOvgMW_w 密碼: jdr4