常用RMAN 備份命令

---SHOW 

SHOW RETENTION POLICY;
SHOW DEVICE TYPE;
SHOW DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE;
SHOW CHANNEL;
SHOW MAXSETSIZE;
SHOW ALL;

---LIST
RMAN> LIST ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 1;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP SUMMARY;
RMAN> LIST INCARNATION;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP BY FILE;
RMAN> LIST COPY OF DATABASE ARCHIVELOG ALL;
RMAN> LIST COPY OF DATAFILE 1, 2, 3;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATAFILE 11 SUMMARY;
RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF ARCHIVELOG FROM SEQUENCE 1437;
RMAN> LIST CONTROLFILECOPY "/tmp/cntrlfile.copy";
RMAN> LIST BACKUPSET OF DATAFILE 1;
RMAN> LIST FAILURE;
RMAN> LIST FAILURE 641231 detail;

---backup

Back up the database, and then the control file:
 (which contains a record of the backup)
 RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE;
 RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE;

Backup datafiles:
 RMAN> BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATAFILE
        'ORACLE_HOME/oradata/trgt/users01.dbf',
        'ORACLE_HOME/oradata/trgt/tools01.dbf'; 

Backup all datafiles in the database:
  (bit-for-bit copies, created on disk)
 RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY DATABASE;

Backup archive logs:
 RMAN> BACKUP ARCHIVELOG COMPLETION TIME BETWEEN  'SYSDATE-28' AND 'SYSDATE-7'; 

Backup tablespace:
 RMAN> BACKUP TABLESPACE system, users, tools; 

Backup controlfile:
 RMAN> BACKUP CURRENT CONTROLFILE TO '/backup/cntrlfile.copy'; 

Backup parameter file:
 RMAN> BACKUP SPFILE;

Backup everything:
 RMAN> BACKUP BACKUPSET ALL;

Create a consistent backup and keep the backup for 1 year:
 (exempt from the retention policy)
 RMAN> SHUTDOWN;
 RMAN> STARTUP MOUNT;
 RMAN> BACKUP DATABASE UNTIL 'SYSDATE+365' NOLOGS;

Backup Validation confirms that a backup could be run, by confirming that all database files exist and are free of physical and logical corruption, this does not generate any output.
Example:

 RMAN> BACKUP VALIDATE DATABASE ARCHIVELOG ALL;

---CONFIGURE 

  RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT '/tmp/%U';
Backup using a flash recovery area rather than disk
  RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT CLEAR;
Configure RMAN to back up the control file after each backup
   RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; 
By default, RMAN automatically names control file backups and stores them in the flash recovery area. 
To configure RMAN to write control file backups to the /cfilebackups directory:
( %F will generate a unique filename)
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT 
         FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/cfilebackups/cf%F';
Ensure that RMAN retains all backups needed to recover the database to any point in time in the last 7 days:
  RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;
Retain three backups of each datafile:
  RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;
Delete backups no longer required by the retention policy:
  RMAN> DELETE OBSOLETE
To override the configured retention policy for individual backups - use BACKUP.. KEEP (or CHANGE.. KEEP)
Configure backups to run in parallel by assigning two sbt channels:
  RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE sbt PARALLELISM 2;
Reset any CONFIGURE setting to its default by running the command with the CLEAR option
  RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt CLEAR; 
  RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY CLEAR;
---CROSSCHECK 
RMAN> CROSSCHECK BACKUP;
RMAN> CROSSCHECK COPY;
RMAN> CROSSCHECK backup of database; 
RMAN> CROSSCHECK backup of controlfile;
RMAN> CROSSCHECK archivelog all;

---DELETE
 RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE sbt;
 RMAN> CROSSCHECK BACKUP OF TABLESPACE user_data COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-14';
 RMAN> DELETE NOPROMPT EXPIRED BACKUP OF TABLESPACE user_data COMPLETED BEFORE 'SYSDATE-14';
 RMAN> DELETE BACKUP OF DATABASE LIKE '/tmp%';
 RMAN> DELETE ARCHIVELOG ALL BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DEVICE TYPE sbt;
 RMAN> DELETE BACKUPSET 101, 102, 103;
 RMAN> DELETE CONTROLFILECOPY '/tmp/cntrlfile.copy';
 RMAN> DELETE BACKUP OF SPFILE TABLESPACE users DEVICE TYPE sbt;
---RESTORE AND RECOVER
Restore and recover the whole Database:
 RMAN> STARTUP FORCE MOUNT;
 RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE;
 RMAN> RECOVER DATABASE;
 RMAN> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;
Restore and recover a Tablespace:
 RMAN> SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE users OFFLINE';
 RMAN> RESTORE TABLESPACE users;
 RMAN> RECOVER TABLESPACE users;
 RMAN> SQL 'ALTER TABLESPACE users ONLINE';
Restore and recover a Datafile:
 RMAN> SQL 'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 64 OFFLINE';
 RMAN> RESTORE DATAFILE 64;
 RMAN> RECOVER DATAFILE 64;
 RMAN> SQL 'ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 64 ONLINE';
Restore the Control file, (to all locations specified in the parameter file) then restore the database, using that control file:
STARTUP NOMOUNT;
RUN
{
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE sbt;
RESTORE CONTROLFILE;
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT;
RESTORE DATABASE;
}
Restore Validation confirms that a restore could be run, by confirming that all database files exist and are free of physical and logical corruption, this does not generate any output.
Example:
 RMAN> RESTORE DATABASE VALIDATE;


參考文件: