oracle11gR2_64之ASM到檔案系統的rman異機恢復完整案例
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oracle11gR2_64之ASM到檔案系統的rman異機恢復完整案例
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Rman的異機恢復的作用很多，比如資料庫遷移，資料庫恢復，基於資料庫架構調整的還原恢復(比如從RAC-->>單例項，ASM-->>檔案系統)，有時候搭建測試環境也會用到，不過，這種情況下相信選擇資料庫複製方式比較方便。
這次做的是做基於ASM儲存的生產庫rman備份到普通檔案系統的還原恢復測試，我們原來的資料庫架構是基於普通檔案系統的單例項，後來改為基於ASM的單例項，所以這次的測試重要性不言而喻：一是測試備份的有效性，二是如果生產庫異常崩潰，且恢復時間不確定，又不希望影響業務太多時，可以將生產庫的備份還原恢復到以前的檔案系統庫上，i當然這屬於不完全恢復，有資料丟失，當然概率也很小.
下面是異機還原恢復完整案例:
FS->FS的異機rman恢復請參見我的另外一篇博文:http://blog.itpub.net/29119536/viewspace-1171894/
(1)環境明細:
|
|
源庫 |
目標庫 |
|
作業系統 |
Redhat5 64位 |
Redhat5 64位 |
|
主機名 |
Rac01 |
recover.com |
|
IP |
192.168.11.112 |
192.168.11.113 |
|
資料庫版本 |
oracle 11.2.0.1.0 |
oracle 11.2.0.1.0 |
|
儲存方式 |
ASM |
檔案系統 |
|
ORACLE_HOME |
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 |
|
ORACLE_SID |
bus |
bus |
|
|
|
|
(2)源庫備份明細:
------>>
備份週期為3天的rman的0級備份指令碼如下:
---------------------------------->>
$RMAN nocatalog target / log $RMAN_LOG_FILE append <
RUN {
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 DATABASE FORMAT '/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/db_level_0_%U_%T' skip inaccessible TAG='inc_level_0';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup FORMAT '/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/arch_%U_%T' skip inaccessible ARCHIVELOG ALL tag='bus_arch' DELETE ALL INPUT;
backup current controlfile tag='bus_ctl' format='/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/ctl_%U_%T';
backup spfile tag='bus_spfile' format='/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/spfile_%U_%T';
release channel c2;
release channel c1;
}
report obsolete;
delete noprompt obsolete;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
list backup summary;
EOF
-------->>備份出的檔案列表:
這裡選用的是20140522晚上2點開始的rman的0級備份，pfile是通過spfile生成，然後scp到本地的，沒有通過restore pfile from ‘’方式進行.
(3)還原恢復過程:
------->>修改scp過來的pfile檔案(這裡應該注意，源庫可能空間較大，關於sga,pga等酌情根據目標庫修改)然後startup 到nomount狀態，restorecontrolfile,
接著通過rman>catalog start with ‘’轉換備份目錄:
[oracle@recover admin]$ cat initbus.ora
bus.__db_cache_size=276824064
bus.__java_pool_size=4194304
bus.__large_pool_size=4194304
bus.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
bus.__pga_aggregate_target=339738624
bus.__sga_target=503316480
bus.__shared_io_pool_size=0
bus.__shared_pool_size=209715200
bus.__streams_pool_size=0
*.aq_tm_processes=1
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/bus/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_file_record_keep_time=14
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/control01.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_files=5000
*.db_name='bus'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=busXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=842006528
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=555
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
---------->>startup 到nomount狀態:
SQL>startup nomount;
> rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Nov 2 14:22:39 2008
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: bus(not mounted)
--恢復controlfile
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/ctl_sqp8u854_1_1_20140522';
Starting restore at 02-NOV-08
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/control01.ctl
Finished restore at 02-NOV-08
RMAN> sql 'alter database mount';
sql statement: alter database mount
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
[oracle@recover ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri May 23 18:58:06 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BUS (DBID=3983926832, not open)
RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
searching for all files that match the pattern /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/db_level_0_shp8ssd6_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/spfile_ssp8u85k_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/arch_smp8st1o_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/db_level_0_sip8ssdb_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/ctl_sqp8u854_1_1_20140522
Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/db_level_0_shp8ssd6_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/spfile_ssp8u85k_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/arch_smp8st1o_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/db_level_0_sip8ssdb_1_1_20140522
File Name: /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/ctl_sqp8u854_1_1_20140522
RMAN> run{
2> set newname for datafile 1 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/system.503.843163915';
3> set newname for datafile 2 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/sysaux.504.843163917';
4> set newname for datafile 3 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/undotbs1.505.843163917';
5> set newname for datafile 4 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/users.506.843163917';
6> set newname for datafile 5 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/example.263.843164031';
......
set newname for datafile 68 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201410.dbf';
set newname for datafile 69 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201411.dbf';
set newname for datafile 70 to '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201412.dbf';
restore database;
switch datafile all;
Recover database;
67> 68> 69> 70> 71> 72> 73> 74> recover database;
75> }
executing command: SET NEWNAME
......
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting restore at 23-MAY-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=21 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
......
channel ORA_DISK_2: restoring datafile 00070 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201412.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: reading from backup piece /archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/db_level_0_shp8ssd6_1_1_20140522
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/db_level_0_sip8ssdb_1_1_20140522 tag=INC_LEVEL_0
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:13:29
channel ORA_DISK_2: piece handle=/archive/backup/rman_bus_dest/db_level_0_shp8ssd6_1_1_20140522 tag=INC_LEVEL_0
channel ORA_DISK_2: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_2: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:19:41
Finished restore at 23-MAY-14
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=72 STAMP=848344761 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/system.503.843163915
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=73 STAMP=848344762 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/sysaux.504.843163917
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=74 STAMP=848344762 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/undotbs1.505.843163917
......
datafile 69 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=140 STAMP=848344772 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201411.dbf
datafile 70 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=141 STAMP=848344772 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201412.dbf
Starting recover at 23-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
starting media recovery
Oracle Error:
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 2 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/sysaux.504.843163917'
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 05/23/2014 19:19:38
RMAN-06053: unable to perform media recovery because of missing log
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17274 and starting SCN of 1110262216 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17273 and starting SCN of 1110253282 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17272 and starting SCN of 1110247467 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17271 and starting SCN of 1110088491 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17270 and starting SCN of 1109910387 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17269 and starting SCN of 1109902919 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17268 and starting SCN of 1109895456 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17267 and starting SCN of 1109887730 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17266 and starting SCN of 1109751780 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17265 and starting SCN of 1109621814 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17264 and starting SCN of 1109617341 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17263 and starting SCN of 1109614193 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17262 and starting SCN of 1109608876 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17261 and starting SCN of 1109470180 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17260 and starting SCN of 1109384256 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17259 and starting SCN of 1109379300 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17258 and starting SCN of 1109374673 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17257 and starting SCN of 1109370814 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17256 and starting SCN of 1109299231 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17255 and starting SCN of 1109214476 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17254 and starting SCN of 1109208769 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17253 and starting SCN of 1109204568 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17252 and starting SCN of 1109199506 found to restore
RMAN>
------>>此時資料庫啟動到mount狀態，但由於controlfile裡日誌路徑還是源庫基於ASM的設定，所以恢復找不到路徑，這裡通過重建controlfile來處理。注:源庫沒有catalog輔助庫，rman設定及備份資訊都是儲存在controlfile裡面，為了減少出錯概率，這裡忽略了rman的設定，其實意義也不大，畢竟相關目錄存在差異.
-------------->>recreate ctl:
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "BUS" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 3804
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0101',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0102'
) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0201',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0202'
) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0301',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0302'
) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 4 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0401',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0402'
) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 5 (
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0501',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/redo0502'
) SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/system.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/sysaux.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/undotbs1.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/users.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/example.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/fltidx.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_data.dbf',
......
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201410.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201411.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/flt_report_data_201412.dbf'
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
;
---------------------->>recover database
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 27-MAY-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=17250
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=17251
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/arch_smp8st1o_1_1_20140522
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/arch_smp8st1o_1_1_20140522 tag=BUS_ARCH
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_17250_843164019.dbf thread=1 sequence=17250
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/arch/1_17251_843164019.dbf thread=1 sequence=17251
unable to find archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=17252
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 05/27/2014 10:18:51
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 17252 and starting SCN of 1109199506
----------------->>open resetlogs
[oracle@recover ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue May 27 10:27:12 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: BUS (DBID=3983926832, not open)
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
database opened
RMAN>
----->>temp,undo表空間處理，收集統計資訊:
SQL> show parameters undo;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
undo_management string AUTO
undo_retention integer 900
undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS1
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where contents='UNDO';
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
UNDOTBS1
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY';
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
TEMP
SQL> create temporary tablespace TEMP1 tempfile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bus/temp01.dbf' size 500M autoextend off;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter database default temporary tablespace TEMP1;
Database altered.
SQL> drop tablespace TEMP including contents and datafiles;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> select tablespace_name from dba_tablespaces where contents='TEMPORARY';
TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------
TEMP1
SQL> begin
2 dbms_stats.gather_schema_stats(ownname => 'FLT',
3 estimate_percent => dbms_stats.auto_sample_size,
4 method_opt => 'for all columns size repeat',
5 degree => 7);
6 end;
7 /
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
------->>修改listener.ora,tnsnames.ora
[oracle@recover admin]$ more listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.113)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@recover admin]$ more tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
BUS =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.11.113)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = bus)
)
)
(4)驗證恢復庫資料有效性:
-------->>資料結構物件對比:
---------- 源庫------------------- ----------目標恢復庫---------
SQL> select t.object_type,count(object_name) from user_objects t group by t.object_
OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(OBJECT_NAME) OBJECT_TYPE COUNT(OBJECT_NAME)
------------------- ------------------ ------------------- ------------------
CLUSTER 3 CLUSTER 3
DATABASE LINK 1 DATABASE LINK 1
FUNCTION 7 FUNCTION 7
INDEX 119 INDEX 119
INDEX PARTITION 72 INDEX PARTITION 72
PACKAGE 15 PACKAGE 15
PACKAGE BODY 15 PACKAGE BODY 15
PROCEDURE 1 PROCEDURE 1
SEQUENCE 47 SEQUENCE 47
SYNONYM 40 SYNONYM 40
TABLE 143 TABLE 143
TABLE PARTITION 98 TABLE PARTITION 98
TABLE SUBPARTITION 850 TABLE SUBPARTITION 850
TRIGGER 38 TRIGGER 38
TYPE 3 TYPE 3
VIEW 13 VIEW 13
-------------------->>通過last_gps_position表資料驗證資料的有效性,因為備份是有5月22號晚上2點進行，所以該表中資料插入日期應該在5月22號2點左右:
select TO_CHAR(t1.GATHER_DATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss') from last_gps_position t1
where t1.GATHER_DATE>TO_DATE('2014-05-22 00:00:00','YYYY-MM-DD hh24:mi:ss')
order by 1;
------->>
(5)遇到問題及解決方法:
A1.由於源庫recovery_area_usage較大(5G),測試庫空間不足，recovery_area_usage設定較小，導致在做RMAN> catalog start with '/home/oracle/back_dest/archbak/'時進行到中終，異常退出,最後通過在pfile中註釋掉db_recovery_file_dest 和db_recovery_file_dest_size才得以通過.
A2.做restore database時VirtualBox中目標庫空間不足，異常退出，最後通過新增虛擬硬碟，重新restore database完成還原操作;
A3.在做recover database時由於儲存方式不同，導致不能應用到archivelog進行recovery,所以通過recreate controlfile來進行解決.
(6)鳴謝，最後真誠感謝cuug-王楠的幫助，那傢伙很厲害！當然，這案例中相信有很多不足和值得優化的地方，希望感興趣的朋友多多交流溝通，謝謝！
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/29119536/viewspace-1171236/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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