----標準DataGuard引數設定------------------------------
alter system set log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=ta_std REOPEN=300 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) db_unique_name=ta_std';
alter system set fal_server='ta_std';
alter system set fal_client='ta';

alter system set fal_server='ta';
alter system set fal_client='ta_std';

----利用ssh tunnel的DataGuard引數設定------------------------------
alter system set log_archive_dest_2 = 'SERVICE=ta_ssh NOREOPEN VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) db_unique_name=ta_std alternate=log_archive_dest_3';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2= enable;
--注意：log_archive_dest_2需要設定noreopen或者reopen=0屬性，否則無法迅速切換到備用路徑。

alter system set log_archive_dest_3 = 'SERVICE=ta_std REOPEN=300 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) db_unique_name=ta_std';
alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3=alternate;
--注意：當歸檔目標log_archive_dest_2不能正常歸檔時，資料庫切換歸檔目標到log_archive_dest_3，即使log_archive_dest_2歸檔目標恢復正常，也不會再自動切換回去，需要手工重新修改路徑狀態引數：
--alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2= enable;
--alter system set log_archive_dest_state_3= alternate;

alter system set fal_server = 'ta_ssh';
alter system set fal_client = 'ta';

測試
tnsping ta tnsing ta_std tnsing ta_ssh

------------------------------------------------------
p170a: ssh -L 15210:p170b:1521 -C -N p170b
p170b: ssh -L 15210:p170a:1521 -C -N p170a

redhat1: ssh -L 15210:redhat2:1521 -C -N redhat2
redhat2: ssh -L 15210:redhat1:1521 -C -N redhat1

----DataGuard 中註冊日誌檔案------------------------------
alter database register OR replace logfile '/data/arch_ta/1_515_673519034.dbf';

註冊日誌檔案
catalog archivelog '....';

ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT TIMESTAMP,MESSAGE FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATUS;

SELECT * FROM (SELECT THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY FIRST_CHANGE# DESC) WHERE ROWNUM<20;

一、PRIMARY DATABASE

1、設定DB FORCE_LOGGING為YES
SELECT FORCE_LOGGING FROM V$DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE FORCE LOGGING;
ALTER DATABASE NO FORCE LOGGING;

2、設定保護模式
SELECT OPEN_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE,SWITCHOVER_STATUS,PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL FROM V$DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PROTECTION;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE AVAILABILITY;
ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE;

3、設定歸檔目標
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='location=/app/oracle/arch';
ALTER SYSTEM set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ta_std REOPEN=300 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES)';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2=defer;

ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server=ta_std;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client=fmp;

ALTER SYSTEM set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='fmpdb','fmpdb' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='fmpdb','fmpdb' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management=auto;

二、STANDBY DATABASE

1、建目錄結構
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\flash_recovery_area
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\fmpdb
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\fmpdbarch

2、copy
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\PWDfmpdb.ora
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\SPFILEFMPDB.ORA
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\listener.ora 需修改IP
D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\tnsnames.ora

C:\> ORADIM -NEW -sid fmpdb
C:\> orapwd file=D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\database\PWDfmpdb.ora password=oracle force=y
--password必須與PRIMARY保持一致

starup nomount
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='location=D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\fmpdbarch';
ALTER SYSTEM set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE= REOPEN=300 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES)';
--ALTER SYSTEM reset LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2 scope=spfile sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_1=defer;

ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server=fmp;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client=fmp_std;

三、PRIMARY DATABASE

RMAN 備份：
rman target /
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;

BACKUP format 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\backup\%d_STBY_%T_%s_%p' current controlfile for standby;
BACKUP format 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\backup\%d_FULL_%T_%s_%p' database MAXSETSIZE 2G;
SQL 'alter system archive log current';
BACKUP format 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\backup\%d_ARCH_%T_%s_%p' archivelog all MAXSETSIZE 2G;
exit;

四、STANDBY DATABASE
1、copy 主D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\backup\*.*至備
2、
RMAN target
connect auxiliary
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
[dorecover];

五、PRIMARY DATABASE
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

六、STANDBY DATABASE
startup mount
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

--啟動了MRP0程式(Managed Standby Recovery)
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

七、檢查
--查詢尚未APPLIED的archived log(STANDBY端)
SELECT * FROM (SELECT THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE#,APPLIED FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG ORDER BY FIRST_CHANGE# DESC) WHERE ROWNUM<20;

--察看從資料庫已經歸檔的redo
SELECT REGISTRAR,CREATOR,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,APPLIED,FIRST_CHANGE#,NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$ARCHIVED_LOG;

--察看從資料庫已經應用的redo
SELECT THREAD#, SEQUENCE#, FIRST_CHANGE#, NEXT_CHANGE# FROM V$LOG_HISTORY;

--DATAGUARD 狀態
ALTER SESSION SET nls_date_format = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT TIMESTAMP,MESSAGE FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATUS;

--從資料庫端察看RFS(Remote File Service)接收日誌情況和MRP應用日誌同步主資料庫情況
COL STATUS FORMAT A15
SELECT PROCESS,STATUS,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,BLOCK#,BLOCKS FROM V$MANAGED_STANDBY;

--察看從資料庫是否和主資料庫同步
COL DEST_NAME FORMAT A20
SELECT DEST_NAME,ARCHIVED_THREAD#, ARCHIVED_SEQ#, APPLIED_THREAD#, APPLIED_SEQ# FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS;

col DESTINATION format a50
SELECT DEST_NAME,DESTINATION, STATUS, ARCHIVED_THREAD#, ARCHIVED_SEQ# FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS WHERE STATUS <> 'DEFERRED' AND STATUS <> 'INACTIVE';

--GAP
SELECT * FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP;

第二部分主資料庫正常切換

一人工干預主資料庫正常切換

1 在主資料庫端檢驗資料庫可切換狀態
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO STANDBY
1 row selected

SWITCHOVER_STATUS:TO STANDBY表示可以正常切換.
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為SESSIONS ACTIVE,表示當前有會話處於ACTIVE狀態

2 開始主資料庫正常切換 IP:172.16.75.35
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為TO STANDBY 則:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY;
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為SESSIONS ACTIVE 則:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
成功執行這個命令後，主資料庫被修改為從資料庫

3 重啟先前的主資料庫
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP MOUNT;

4 在從資料庫端驗證可切換狀態 IP:172.16.75.30
SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;
SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-----------------
TO_PRIMARY
1 row selected

5 將目標從資料庫轉換為主資料庫 IP:172.16.75.30
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為TO STANDBY 則:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;
如果SWITCHOVER_STATUS的值為SESSIONS ACTIVE 則:
SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
成功執行這個命令後，從資料庫被修改為主資料庫

6 重啟目標從資料庫
SQL> SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE;
SQL> STARTUP;

7 先前主資料庫啟動日誌傳送程式
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;

============================================================================
--ALTER SYSTEM set log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(testdb,testdb2)';

ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS 'D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\boston\CONTROL01.CTL';

--啟動了MRP0程式(Managed Standby Recovery)
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE;
ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

SET PAGESIZE 200
SELECT * FROM V$PROCESS;
SELECT * FROM V$BGPROCESS WHERE PADDR<>'00';

SELECT USERNAME,TERMINAL,PROGRAM FROM V$PROCESS;
SELECT * FROM V$BGPROCESS WHERE PADDR<>'00';
COL USERNAME FORMAT A15
COL MACHINE FORMAT A30
SELECT USERNAME,MACHINE,TERMINAL,PROGRAM FROM V$SESSION;

-------

rman nocatalog target
run {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK CONNECT format '/app/oracle/backup/rac1_%U';
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE DISK CONNECT format '/app/oracle/backup/rac2_%U';
sql 'alter system archive log current';
backup filesperset 3 archivelog all delete all input;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

rman nocatalog target
run {
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1 DEVICE TYPE DISK CONNECT ;
ALLOCATE CHANNEL c2 DEVICE TYPE DISK CONNECT ;
BACKUP FORMAT '/app/oracle/backup/%t_%U' DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
BACKUP FORMAT '/app/oracle/backup/%t_%U' CURRENT CONTROLFILE FOR STANDBY;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
}

-----RAC環境下，交叉驗證-----------------------------------------
allocate channel for maintenance device type DISK connect ;
allocate channel for maintenance device type DISK connect ;
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete noprompt expired archivelog all;
release channel;

crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete;
release channel;
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

RMAN>
catalog archivelog '/arch/ora92/2_1.dbf';
list archivelog all;

scp -p -r oracle@192.168.192.71:/app/oracle/backup /app/oracle
scp -p -r oracle@192.168.192.72:/app/oracle/backup /app/oracle

orapwd file=/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapwta password=oracle force=y

ALTER SYSTEM set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ta','ta' SCOPE=SPFILE;
ALTER SYSTEM set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='ta','ta' SCOPE=SPFILE;

rman target
connect auxiliary
duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;

--primary
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config='dg_config=(ta,ta_std)' sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_1='location=/app/oracle/arch' sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ta_std REOPEN=300 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLES) db_unique_name=ta_std' sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_1=enable sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2=defer sid='*';
ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management=auto sid='*'

--standby
ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_config='dg_config=(ta,ta_std)';
ALTER SYSTEM SET standby_file_management=auto;
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_server='ta1','ta2';
ALTER SYSTEM SET fal_client='ta_std';

ALTER SYSTEM SET log_archive_dest_state_2=enable sid='*';

ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;
recover managed standby database finish;

透過故障切換實現角色轉換
1、查詢備用資料中v$archive_gap檢視來定位備用資料庫中的日誌缺失。
2、在備用資料庫中透過下面的命令對歸檔日誌進行註冊
   alter database register physical logfile '......';
3、alter database recover managed standby database finish;
   alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;
4、alter database commit to switchover to primary;
5、shutdown immediate;
   startup;

fmpdb =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.1)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.2)(PORT = 1521))
      (LOAD_BALANCE = yes)
    )
    (CONNECT_DAfmpdb =
      (SERVICE_NAME = fmpdb)
       (FAILOVER_MODE =
        (TYPE = SELECT)
        (METHOD = BASIC)
        (RETRIES = 180)
        (DELAY = 5)
      )
    )
)

fmpdb1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DAfmpdb =
      (SERVICE_NAME = fmpdb)
    )
)

fmpdb2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.20.2)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DAfmpdb =
      (SERVICE_NAME = fmpdb)
    )
)

fmpdb_std =
(DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 172.18.0.11)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DAfmpdb =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = fmpdb)
    )
)

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
http://hi.baidu.com/dbaeyes/blog/item/740c3bfb3e0d5361034f568e.html

standby 管理和維護2008年07月13日星期日 00:31管理：

查詢庫狀態：
SQL> select name,SWITCHOVER_STATUS,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE
from v$database;

驗證archive log是否接收和 applied.
SQL> alter session set nls_datE_format='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';

select SEQUENCE#,DEST_ID,ARCHIVED,APPLIED,DELETED,
STATUS,FIRST_TIME from v$archived_log order by SEQUENCE#;

啟動到管理模式:
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
----------

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

10g以後，採用聯機日誌的傳遞傳遞方式，
SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

啟動到只讀模式：
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup nomount
SQL> alter database mount standby database
SQL> alter databae open read only;

在管理模式恢復到只讀模式：
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open read only

在只讀模式可以給資料庫新增臨時資料檔案（在rman備份是沒有備份的），想讓standby提供只讀服務或者切換成主庫，最好先增加鏈式檔案
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile 'C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\oradata\dgtest\temp02.dbf' size 100m;

只讀模式到管理模式
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

在備庫進行備份
1.停止應用程式，跳轉到 read only模式，同坐backup database命令來備份資料庫，這樣資料庫處於一致性模式
2. 備份完成後，備份控制檔案
SQL> ALTER DATABASE BACKUP CONTROLFILE TO 'FILE NAME';

主備切換

正常切換 (switchover)
切換準備: 準備引數檔案，平時應該備好，注意引數 fal_server，fal_client

先確認能否轉換：
SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

主 -> 備
$lsnrclt stop
殺光程式或者重啟資料庫
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup nomount pfile ='';
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect;

備 -> 主
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary with session shutdown;
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup pfile =''

如果考慮在主備庫來回切換，要保證資料庫版本一致，引數compatible一致

失敗切換 (Failover)
主伺服器不能使用情況下

在備庫
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

--如果在備用庫上有備用庫日誌檔案，參考命令
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish; -- [force|wait|nowait] 10g or later
--沒有備庫日誌檔案[10gR2之前]
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;

--切換備庫到主庫
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
-- open
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup pfile=''

如果還有為傳遞的歸檔日誌或者主庫的聯機日誌
SQL>alter database register logfile 'c:\...'
SQL>recover standby database;

強行切換（啟用）
啟用備用伺服器，在重啟資料庫時，備庫會resetlog。
SQL>alter system archive log current;
SQL>recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL>alter database activate standby database;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup pfile=''

-----
apply 主庫redolog並強制切換
SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;
--選定redolog恢復
SQL> recover standby database until cancel;

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/oradata/dgtest/redo02.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.

recovery 完成之後就要failover了。

SQL>alter database activate standby database;
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup pfile=''
-- http://hi.baidu.com/wa0362/blog/item/33e52912a91eadcbc2fd78b9.html
-- http://zf_wu.itpub.net/

-- 參考來源：《oracle高可用環境》

--http://www.oracleblog.cn/study-note/reduce-the-data-loss-of-data-guard-when-failover/

相關檢視

v$archive_dest
v$archive_dest_status
v$log_history
v$archvied_log
v$managed_standby
v$archive_gap

-- EOF --

啟用備庫到read/write狀態
SQL> alter database activate standby database;
資料庫已更改。
SQL> alter database open;
資料庫已更改。

轉換成備庫
SQL> alter database convert to physical standby;
資料庫已更改。

-- EOF --

---------&gt>轉載於:http://www.cnitblog.com/lichanggu/articles/62976.html

DG常用命令集

相關文章