Oracle_UNDO 壞塊測試和修復

UNDO段頭塊損壞測試與修復

本次案例透過 BBED 工具模擬UNDO 段頭壞塊，並在沒有備份情況下啟動資料庫；

1 檢視UNDO 段頭塊位置

select header_file, header_block

from dba_segments

where segment_name like '_SYSSMU%'

order by 2;

2 透過BBED 工具，破壞UNDO 某一段的段頭塊(file=3 block=280)

破壞的方式是直接將其他的資料塊覆蓋段頭塊

[oracle11@primary ~]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par

Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sat Jul 30 18:00:26 2016

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> copy dba 1,1 to dba 3,280

BBED> sum apply;

Check value for File 3, Block 280:

current = 0x599e, required = 0x599e

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/ undotbs01.dbf

BLOCK = 280

Block 280 is corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00400118 (file 0, block 280)

Bad header found during verification

Data in bad block:

type: 11 format: 2 rdba: 0x00400001

last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

consistency value in tail: 0x00000b01

check value in block header: 0xc8c7

computed block checksum: 0x0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1

Total Blocks Influx : 0

Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

--- 透過 BBED 和 DBV 檢查結果都是 file3,block 280 損壞

[oracle11@primary orcl11]$ dbv file=undotbs01.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sat Jul 30 18:01:38 2016

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf

Page 280 is marked corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00c00118 ( file 3, block 280)

Bad header found during dbv:

Data in bad block:

type: 11 format: 2 rdba: 0x00400001

last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

consistency value in tail: 0x00000b01

check value in block header: 0xc8c7

computed block checksum: 0x0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 392

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0

Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 0

Total Pages Failing (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 45

Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 23

Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Empty : 346

Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1

Total Pages Influx : 0

Total Pages Encrypted : 0

Highest block SCN : 1283208 (0.1283208)

--- 模擬異常斷電

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

--- 啟動資料庫，報錯 ORA-01578

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2257352 bytes

Variable Size 515903032 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2596864 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced

ORA-01578 : ORACLE data block corrupted ( file # 3, block # 280)

ORA-01110: data file 3: '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf'

Process ID: 8265

Session ID: 1 Serial number: 5

通常UNDO 損壞，在沒有備份的情況下，可以透過以下方式啟動資料庫

#*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1' ---- 註釋原UNDO 表空間

#*.undo_management=AUTO ----UNDO 管理方式改為手動

*.undo_management='MANUAL'

*.undo_tablespace='SYSTEM' --- 將UNDO 表空間改成SYSTEM

*._corrupted_rollback_segments= 損壞的回滾段 --- 遮蔽損壞的UNDO 段

建立新的回滾段:

create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs02.dbf' size 1M autoextend on;

刪除舊的回滾段:

drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

*.undo_management=AUTO

但是在 mount 狀態下無法查詢 ( 建立或刪除 ) 回滾段

SQL> select * from v$rollname;

select * from v$rollname

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01219: database not open: queries allowed on fixed tables/views only

無法建立新的UNDO 表空間

SQL> create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs02.dbf' size 1M autoextend on;

create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs02.dbf' size 1M autoextend on

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01109: database not open

無法刪除舊的UNDO 表空間

SQL> drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01109: database not open

在資料庫不能 OPEN 情況下，有兩種方式可以查詢資料庫部分資訊；

1 ：strings 命令可以查詢所有的UNDO 回滾段名，包括已經刪除的回滾段；

[oracle11@primary orcl11]$ strings system01.dbf | grep _SYSSMU | cut -d $ -f 1 | sort -u > listSMU

[oracle11@primary orcl11]$ vim listSMU

_SYSSMU20_3293637928$

_SYSSMU20_379396250$

_SYSSMU13_811223436$

........

2 ：BBED 工具也可以查詢UNDO 段名；

BBED> set file 1 block 225 -----Oracle 11g 版本， undo$ 表資訊一般位於 1 號檔案第 225 個資料塊中

FILE# 1

BLOCK# 225

BBED> map

File: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/system01.dbf (1)

Block: 225 Dba:0x004000e1

------------------------------------------------------------

KTB Data Block (Table/Cluster)

struct kcbh, 20 bytes @0

struct ktbbh, 48 bytes @20

struct kdbh, 14 bytes @68

struct kdbt[1], 4 bytes @82

sb2 kdbr[25] @86 ------- 含有25 個UNDO 段

ub1 freespace[6402] @136

ub1 rowdata[1650] @6538

ub4 tailchk @8188

BBED> p kdbr

sb2 kdbr[0] @86 8078

sb2 kdbr[1] @88 8011

sb2 kdbr[2] @90 7944

......

sb2 kdbr[22] @130 6603

sb2 kdbr[23] @132 6537

sb2 kdbr[24] @134 6470

BBED> x /rnc *kdbr[0] ---- 檢視0 號UNDO 段名稱

col 1[6] @8151: SYSTEM

BBED> x /rnc *kdbr[1] ---- 檢視1 號UNDO 段名稱

col 1[20] @8085: _SYSSMU1_4115952380$

如果UNDO 段特別多，可以透過EXECL ，自動生成多個x /rnc *kdbr[0]......*kdbr[n] 命令，再將命令複製貼上到BBED 中，同時獲取多個UNDO 段名；

x /rnc *kdbr[0]

x /rnc *kdbr[1]

x /rnc *kdbr[2]

x /rnc *kdbr[3]

......

x /rnc *kdbr[24]

如果不能判斷具體哪個回滾段出現問題，可以跳過所有的回滾段

*. _corrupted_rollback_segments='_SYSSMU1_4115952380$','_SYSSMU2_3882698531$','_SYSSMU3_1780844141$','_SYSSMU4_1137450214$','_SYSSMU5_2972601029$','_SYSSMU6_2318781079$','_SYSSMU7_1865616030$','_SYSSMU8_4279519761$','_SYSSMU9_1551968587$','_SYSSMU10_2324134815$','_SYSSMU11_2069826877$','_SYSSMU12_2242918609$','_SYSSMU13_811223436$','_SYSSMU14_1093125402$','_SYSSMU15_2825991097$','_SYSSMU16_252471872$','_SYSSMU17_3347133763$','_SYSSMU18_1765883319$','_SYSSMU19_1005333767$','_SYSSMU20_3293637928$','_SYSSMU21_3641740596$','_SYSSMU22_3421614834$','_SYSSMU23_138031739$'

引數檔案：

#*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

#*.undo_management=AUTO

*.undo_tablespace='SYSTEM'

*.undo_management='MANUAL'

*._corrupted_rollback_segments='_SYSSMU1_4115952380$','_SYSSMU2_3882698531$','_SYSSMU3_1780844141$','_SYSSMU4_1137450214$','_SYSSMU5_2972601029$','_SYSSMU6_2318781079$','_SYSSMU7_1865616030$','_SYSSMU8_4279519761$','_SYSSMU9_1551968587$','_SYSSMU10_2324134815$','_SYSSMU11_2069826877$','_SYSSMU12_2242918609$','_SYSSMU13_811223436$','_SYSSMU14_1093125402$','_SYSSMU15_2825991097$','_SYSSMU16_252471872$','_SYSSMU17_3347133763$','_SYSSMU18_1765883319$','_SYSSMU19_1005333767$','_SYSSMU20_3293637928$','_SYSSMU21_3641740596$','_SYSSMU22_3421614834$','_SYSSMU23_138031739$'

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2257352 bytes

Variable Size 515903032 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2596864 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

建立新的UNDO 表空間

create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs02.dbf' size 1M autoextend on;

刪除舊的UNDO 表空間

drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

修改引數檔案

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS2'

*.undo_management=AUTO

#*.undo_tablespace='SYSTEM'

#*.undo_management='MANUAL'

#*._corrupted_rollback_segments='_SYSSMU1_4115952380$','_SYSSMU2_3882698531$','_SYSSMU3_1780844141$','_SYSSMU4_1137450214$','_SYSSMU5_2972601029$','_SYSSMU6_2318781079$','_SYSSMU7_1865616030$','_SYSSMU8_4279519761$','_SYSSMU9_1551968587$','_SYSSMU10_2324134815$','_SYSSMU11_2069826877$','_SYSSMU12_2242918609$','_SYSSMU13_811223436$','_SYSSMU14_1093125402$','_SYSSMU15_2825991097$','_SYSSMU16_252471872$','_SYSSMU17_3347133763$','_SYSSMU18_1765883319$','_SYSSMU19_1005333767$','_SYSSMU20_3293637928$','_SYSSMU21_3641740596$','_SYSSMU22_3421614834$','_SYSSMU23_138031739$'

SQL> shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2257352 bytes

Variable Size 515903032 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2596864 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter undo

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

undo_management string AUTO

undo_retention integer 900

undo_tablespace string UNDOTBS2

BBED 修改資料塊是比較危險的操作，如果某個修改操作有誤，可以透過 revert 或 undo 命令回退BBED 的修改操作；

例如：BBED 回退3,280 塊上所有修改

BBED> revert dba 3,280

All changes made to this block will be rolled back. Proceed? (Y/N) y

Reverted file '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf', block 280

BBED> sum apply;

Check value for File 3, Block 280:

current = 0x3f90, required = 0x3f90

UNDO非段頭(檔案頭)塊損壞測試與修復

undo 非段頭( 檔案頭) 損壞，資料庫可以正常啟動，在沒有備份的情況下，可以透過alert 報錯資訊，找到並刪除受損的回滾段

SQL> insert into t values(1); ----- 插入一條資料，不提交

SQL> select usn,status,xacts from v$rollstat;

USN STATUS XACTS

---------- --------------- ----------

0 ONLINE 0

8 ONLINE 0

9 ONLINE 1 ----9 號回滾段存在活動事物

10 ONLINE 0

11 ONLINE 0

12 ONLINE 0

24 ONLINE 0

25 ONLINE 0

26 ONLINE 0

27 ONLINE 0

28 ONLINE 0

11 rows selected.

--- 檢視回滾段頭塊位置

SQL> SET LINE 100

SQL> col segment_name for a30

SQL> select segment_name,header_file,header_block from dba_segments where segment_name like '_SYSSMU%' order by 3;

SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK

------------------------------ ----------- ------------

_SYSSMU8_4161384913$ 3 8

_SYSSMU9_1458183674$ 3 24

_SYSSMU10_2644453179$ 3 40

_SYSSMU11_4737420$ 3 56

_SYSSMU12_392022772$ 3 72

_SYSSMU24_4044825012$ 3 88

_SYSSMU25_2098992521$ 3 104

_SYSSMU26_2158116475$ 3 120

_SYSSMU27_4048022843$ 3 136

_SYSSMU28_1413754230$ 3 152

10 rows selected.

透過BBED 工具，手動破壞9 號回滾段非頭塊；

[oracle11@primary ~]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par

Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sat Aug 13 22:35:38 2016

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> copy dba 1,1 to dba 3,25

BBED> sum apply;

Check value for File 3, Block 25:

current = 0xae9a, required = 0xae9a

BBED> verify

DBVERIFY - Verification starting

FILE = /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf

BLOCK = 25

Block 25 is corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00400019 (file 3, block 25)

Bad header found during verification

Data in bad block:

type: 11 format: 2 rdba: 0x00400001

last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

consistency value in tail: 0x00000b01

check value in block header: 0xae9a

computed block checksum: 0x0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Blocks Examined : 1

Total Blocks Processed (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Failing (Data) : 0

Total Blocks Processed (Index): 0

Total Blocks Failing (Index): 0

Total Blocks Empty : 0

Total Blocks Marked Corrupt : 1

Total Blocks Influx : 0

Message 531 not found; product=RDBMS; facility=BBED

[oracle11@primary orcl11]$ d bv file=undotbs01.dbf

DBVERIFY: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Wed Aug 17 11:39:35 2016

DBVERIFY - Verification starting : FILE = /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf

Page 25 is marked corrupt

Corrupt block relative dba: 0x00c00019 (file 3, block 25)

Bad header found during dbv:

Data in bad block:

type: 11 format: 2 rdba: 0x00400001

last change scn: 0x0000.00000000 seq: 0x1 flg: 0x04

spare1: 0x0 spare2: 0x0 spare3: 0x0

consistency value in tail: 0x00000b01

check value in block header: 0xae9a

computed block checksum: 0x0

DBVERIFY - Verification complete

Total Pages Examined : 208

Total Pages Processed (Data) : 0

Total Pages Failing (Data) : 0

Total Pages Processed (Index): 0

Total Pages Failing (Index): 0

Total Pages Processed (Other): 88

Total Pages Processed (Seg) : 10

Total Pages Failing (Seg) : 0

Total Pages Empty : 119

Total Pages Marked Corrupt : 1

Total Pages Influx : 0

Total Pages Encrypted : 0

Highest block SCN : 1570655 (0.1570655)

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2257352 bytes

Variable Size 515903032 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2596864 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

資料庫可以正常啟動，後臺 alert 日誌也沒有報錯，透過 dbv 或者 bbed 工具檢查出壞塊後，可以手動刪除壞塊對應的 undo 段：

(1) ：select * from dba_extents where file_id=xx and xxx between block_id and block_id+blocks-1;

(2) ：DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT rollback_segment;

或者直接新建UNDO 表空間：

(1) ：建立新的UNDO 表空間

create undo tablespace UNDOTBS2 datafile '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs02.dbf' size 1M autoextend on;

(2) ：刪除舊的UNDO 表空間

drop tablespace UNDOTBS1 including contents and datafiles;

UNDO檔案頭塊損壞測試與修復

UNDO 檔案頭損壞，無法正常open 資料庫；

SQL> shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 784998400 bytes

Fixed Size 2257352 bytes

Variable Size 515903032 bytes

Database Buffers 264241152 bytes

Redo Buffers 2596864 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01122: database file 3 failed verification check

ORA-01110: data file 3: '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf'

ORA-01210: data file header is media corrupt

在沒有備份的情況下，需要透過BBED 工具進行修復損壞的檔案頭；

修復的方式是透過複製其他資料檔案頭，並手動修改檔案頭中相關資訊；

1 、修改資料的DBA,rdba_kcbh

2 、修改檔案的大小，kccfhfsz

3 、修改檔案號，kccfhfno

4 、修改檔案建立時SCN ，kcvfhcrs

5 、修改檔案建立時間，kcvfhcrt

6 、修改表空間號，kcvfhtsn

7 、修改相對檔案號，kcvfhrfn

8 、修改表空間的名稱， kcvfhtnm

9 、修改表空間的長度，kcvfhtln

10 、修改檢查點的SCN ，kcvfhckp

11 、修改檢查點的時間，kcvcptim

12 、修改檢查點的計數器，kcvfhcpc

13 、修改檢查點的控制檔案備份的計數器， kcvfhccc

14 、如果你修改是1 號檔案的1 號塊，他的root rdba 的地針是指向了bootstrap$

透過BBED 修復UNDO 檔案頭壞塊過程比較複製，並且BBED 工具並不對外公開，也不提供技術支援，使用過程中很容易出現問題，建議在正式環境儘量避免使用BBED 工具；

可以透過下面網站檢視具體修改過程；

http://blog.csdn.net/guoyjoe/article/details/31018075

BBED工具的安裝

Oracle 11g 版本和以後的版本已經不提供bbed 工具了，11g 資料庫如果需要使用bbed 工具，可以複製10g 或之前版本資料庫上的三個檔案:

[oracle11@primary ~]$ ll -rth bbed_install/

total 20K

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8.5K Sep 8 2012 bbedus.msb

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.9K Sep 8 2012 sbbdpt.o

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Sep 8 2012 ssbbded.o

將檔案複製到指定目錄

[oracle11@primary ~]$ cp /home/oracle11/bbed_install/bbedus.msb /u02/app/oracle/

product/11.2.0/rdbms/mesg/

[oracle11@primary ~]$ cp /home/oracle11/bbed_install/ssbbded.o /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/rdbms/lib/

[oracle11@primary ~]$ cp /home/oracle11/bbed_install/sbbdpt.o /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/rdbms/lib/

編譯

[oracle11@primary ~]$ make -f /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms

.mk BBED=$ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed $ORACLE_HOME/bin/bbed

bbed 預設密碼" blockedit"

[oracle11@primary ~]$ bbed

Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sat Jul 30 14:22:17 2016

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED>

使用BBED 工具之前需要建立filelist 檔案

SQL> set linesize 100

SQL> col name for a45

SQL> spool /home/oracle11/filelist.txt

SQL> select file#,name,bytes from v$datafile order by 1;

FILE# NAME BYTES

---------- --------------------------------------------- ----------

1 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/system01.dbf 775946240

2 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/sysaux01.dbf 545259520

3 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/undotbs01.dbf 73400320

4 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/users01.dbf 5242880

5 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/chen01.dbf 1048576

SQL> spool off

[oracle11@primary ~]$ touch bbed.par

[oracle11@primary ~]$ vim bbed.par

blocksize=8192

listfile=/home/oracle11/filelist.txt

mode=edit

[oracle11@primary ~]$ bbed parfile=bbed.par

Password:

BBED: Release 2.0.0.0.0 - Limited Production on Sat Jul 30 14:36:34 2016

************* !!! For Oracle Internal Use only !!! ***************

BBED> show

FILE# 1

BLOCK# 1

OFFSET 0

DBA 0x00400001 (4194305 1,1)

FILENAME /u02/app/oracle/oradata/orcl11/system01.dbf

BIFILE bifile.bbd

LISTFILE /home/oracle11/filelist.txt

BLOCKSIZE 8192

MODE Edit

EDIT Unrecoverable

IBASE Dec

OBASE Dec

WIDTH 80

COUNT 512

LOGFILE log.bbd

SPOOL No

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Oracle_UNDO壞塊測試和修復(BBED)

Oracle_UNDO壞塊測試和修復(BBED)

UNDO段頭塊損壞測試與修復

UNDO非段頭(檔案頭)塊損壞測試與修復

UNDO檔案頭塊損壞測試與修復

BBED工具的安裝

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