052-part5 -ASM
1、ASM 3種關閉啟動方式
-----使用SQLPLUS 連線到SYSASM直接SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE，啟動直接STARTUP即可
-----使用SRVCTL 命令
[grid@tasm ~]$ srvctl stop diskgroup -g ARCH
[grid@tasm ~]$ srvctl stop diskgroup -g DATA
[grid@tasm ~]$ srvctl stop asm -o immediate
啟動使用srvctl start asm -o open 即可
-----使用ASMCMD命令
ASMCMD> shutdown -h
Unknown option: h
usage: shutdown [ --normal |--abort|--immediate ]
help: help shutdown
ASMCMD> startup -h
Unknown option: h
usage: startup [--nomount] [--restrict] [ --pfile pfile ]
help: help startup
2、
create diskgroup data normal redundancy
failgroup T1 disk
'/dev/raw/raw1' name d1
failgroup T2 disk
'/dev/raw/raw2' name d2;
CREATE DISKGROUP data2 External Redundancy DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm' = '11.2', 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.1'
High Redundancy
-----------------
drop diskgroup data including contents;
-----刪除磁碟組，如果磁碟組包含檔案必須使用INCLUDING CONTENTS。
SQL> alter diskgroup data add disk
2 '/dev/raw/raw8' name T3D ;
Diskgroup altered.
--------完成後進行平衡需要一定的時間
SQL> alter diskgroup data drop disk t3d;
Diskgroup altered.
--------完成後需要刪除磁碟需要一定的時間把AU進行平衡，如果是普通冗餘當你刪除倒數第二個磁碟時會報錯，因為最小2個失效組
SQL> select state,NAME,MODE_STATUS,FREE_MB,path,HEADER_STATUS from v$asm_disk;
STATE NAME MODE_STATUS FREE_MB PATH HEADER_STATUS
-------- ------------------------------ ----------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
NORMAL DATA_0000 ONLINE 816 /dev/raw/raw5 MEMBER
NORMAL DATA_0001 ONLINE 815 /dev/raw/raw6 MEMBER
NORMAL ARCH_0000 ONLINE 2642 /dev/raw/raw7 MEMBER
DROPPING T3D ONLINE 2759 /dev/raw/raw8 MEMBER
這裡狀態為DROPPING在DROPPING期間即可進行UNDROP，但是一個刪除完成就不可以了
SQL> alter diskgroup data undrop disks;
Diskgroup altered.
--------在還沒有刪除完成前可以進行回退操作
SQL> select state,NAME,MODE_STATUS,FREE_MB,path,HEADER_STATUS from v$asm_disk;
STATE NAME MODE_STATUS FREE_MB PATH HEADER_STATUS
-------- ------------------------------ ----------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
NORMAL DATA_0000 ONLINE 761 /dev/raw/raw5 MEMBER
NORMAL DATA_0001 ONLINE 761 /dev/raw/raw6 MEMBER
NORMAL ARCH_0000 ONLINE 2642 /dev/raw/raw7 MEMBER
NORMAL ONLINE 0 /dev/raw/raw8 FORMER
刪除完成後，狀態變為NORMAL，HEADER狀態變為FROMER，表示曾經使用過，
3、相容性
compatible.asm 管理者版本，管理ASM diskgroup的例項必須大於等於這個設定
compatible.rdbms 使用者版本，使用ASM diskgroup 的例項必須大於等於這個設定
而compatible.asm必須大於等於compatible.rdbms ，否則報錯如下：
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP data2 DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
2 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm' = '11.1', 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.2';
CREATE DISKGROUP data2 DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15234: target RDBMS compatibility (11.2.0.0.0) exceeds ASM compatibility
(11.1.0.0.0)
（SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP data2 DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
2 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm' = '11.2', 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.1';
CREATE DISKGROUP data2 DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15018: diskgroup cannot be created
ORA-15072: command requires at least 2 regular failure groups, discovered only
1
）
SQL> CREATE DISKGROUP data2 External Redundancy DISK '/dev/raw/raw8'
2 ATTRIBUTE 'compatible.asm' = '11.2', 'compatible.rdbms' = '11.1';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select * from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME SECTOR_SIZE BLOCK_SIZE ALLOCATION_UNIT_SIZE STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB HOT_USED_MB COLD_USED_MB REQUIRED_MIRROR_FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB OFFLINE_DISKS COMPATIBILITY DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY VOTING_FILES
------------ ------------------------------ ----------- ---------- -------------------- ----------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ----------------------- -------------- ------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------
1 ARCH 512 4096 1048576 CONNECTED EXTERN 2870 2642 0 228 0 2642 0 11.2.0.0.0 10.1.0.0.0 N
2 DATA 512 4096 1048576 CONNECTED NORMAL 5740 1502 0 4238 0 751 0 11.2.0.0.0 11.2.0.0.0 N
3 DATA2 512 4096 1048576 MOUNTED EXTERN 2870 2818 0 52 0 2818 0 11.2.0.0.0 11.1.0.0.0 N
4、檢視屬性
SQL> SELECT dg.name AS diskgroup, t.name, t.stripe, t.redundancy, t.primary_region, t.mirror_region
2 FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP dg, V$ASM_TEMPLATE t
3 WHERE dg.group_number = t.group_number and dg.name = 'DATA' ORDER BY t.name;
DISKGROUP NAME STRIPE REDUNDANCY PRIMARY_REGION MIRROR_REGION
------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------ ---------- -------------- -------------
DATA ARCHIVELOG COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA ASMPARAMETERFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA AUTOBACKUP COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA BACKUPSET COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA CHANGETRACKING COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA CONTROLFILE FINE HIGH COLD COLD
DATA DATAFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA DATAGUARDCONFIG COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA DUMPSET COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA FLASHBACK COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA FLASHFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA OCRFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA ONLINELOG COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA PARAMETERFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA TEMPFILE COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
DATA XTRANSPORT COARSE MIRROR COLD COLD
SQL> SELECT dg.name AS diskgroup, SUBSTR(a.name,1,18) AS name,
2 SUBSTR(a.value,1,24) AS value, read_only FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP dg,
3 V$ASM_ATTRIBUTE a WHERE dg.name = 'DATA'
4 AND dg.group_number = a.group_number and a.NAME NOT LIKE 'template%';
DISKGROUP NAME VALUE READ_ONLY
------------------------------ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------
DATA disk_repair_time 3.6h N
DATA au_size 1048576 Y
DATA sector_size 512 Y
DATA compatible.asm 11.2.0.0.0 N
DATA compatible.rdbms 11.2.0.0.0 N
DATA cell.smart_scan_ca FALSE N
DATA access_control.ena FALSE N
DATA access_control.uma 066 N
alter diskgroup data offline disk DATA_0000 drop after 0.5m; 可以指定disk_repair_time的時間，本列30秒後刪除DISK。
SQL> select * from v$asm_disk;
GROUP_NUMBER DISK_NUMBER COMPOUND_INDEX INCARNATION MOUNT_STATUS HEADER_STATUS MODE_STATUS STATE REDUNDANCY LIBRARY OS_MB TOTAL_MB FREE_MB HOT_USED_MB COLD_USED_MB NAME FAILGROUP LABEL PATH UDID PRODUCT CREATE_DATE MOUNT_DATE REPAIR_TIMER READS WRITES READ_ERRS WRITE_ERRS READ_TIME WRITE_TIME BYTES_READ BYTES_WRITTEN PREFERRED_READ HASH_VALUE HOT_READS HOT_WRITES HOT_BYTES_READ HOT_BYTES_WRITTEN COLD_READS COLD_WRITES COLD_BYTES_READ COLD_BYTES_WRITTEN VOTING_FILE SECTOR_SIZE FAILGROUP_TYPE
------------ ----------- -------------- ----------- ------------ ------------- ----------- -------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ----------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------------- -------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- -------------- ----------------- ---------- ----------- --------------- ------------------ ----------- ----------- --------------
2 1 33554433 3940853700 CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL UNKNOWN System 2870 2870 751 0 2119 DATA_0001 DATA_0001 /dev/raw/raw6 2013/8/13 2 2013/8/25 1 0 12399 15727 0 0 305.731401 384.269159 2402186240 2244893696 U 559735068 0 0 0 0 9428 5562 141222912 155028480 N 512 REGULAR
1 0 16777216 3940853698 CACHED MEMBER ONLINE NORMAL UNKNOWN System 2870 2870 2642 0 228 ARCH_0000 ARCH_0000 /dev/raw/raw7 2013/8/14 0 2013/8/25 1 0 8593 14440 0 0 37.040936 79.919776 136900608 163531776 797869928 0 0 0 0 8094 9978 132796416 145255424 N 512 REGULAR
2 0 33554432 3940853699 MISSING UNKNOWN OFFLINE FORCING UNKNOWN System 0 2870 751 0 2119 _DROPPED_0000_DATA DATA_0000 2013/8/13 2 2013/8/25 1 0 U 1316795825 N 0 REGULAR
刪除後NAME更名為_DROPPED_0000_DATA，狀態均有變化，這裡實際上是如果出現磁碟讀寫錯誤，ASM會自動的設定DISK為OFFLINE
SQL> select state,NAME,MODE_STATUS,FREE_MB,path,HEADER_STATUS from v$asm_disk;
STATE NAME MODE_STATUS FREE_MB PATH HEADER_STATUS
-------- ------------------------------ ----------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------
NORMAL DATA_0001 ONLINE 751 /dev/raw/raw6 MEMBER
NORMAL ARCH_0000 ONLINE 2642 /dev/raw/raw7 MEMBER
FORCING _DROPPED_0000_DATA OFFLINE 751 UNKNOWN
NORMAL ONLINE 0 /dev/raw/raw8 FORMER
NORMAL ONLINE 0 /dev/raw/raw5 MEMBER ---這裡是原始的磁碟
這種狀態下沒有辦法恢復了，只有重新鍵入磁碟
SQL> alter diskgroup data add disk '/dev/raw/raw5' force;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> r
1* select state,NAME,MODE_STATUS,FREE_MB,path,HEADER_STATUS,GROUP_NUMBER from v$asm_disk
STATE NAME MODE_ST FREE_MB PATH HEADER_STATU GROUP_NUMBER
-------- ------------------------------ ------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
NORMAL ONLINE 0 /dev/raw/raw8 FORMER 0
FORCING _DROPPED_0000_DATA OFFLINE 1108 UNKNOWN 2
NORMAL DATA_0001 ONLINE 751 /dev/raw/raw6 MEMBER 2
NORMAL DATA_0002 ONLINE 2511 /dev/raw/raw5 MEMBER 2
NORMAL ARCH_0000 ONLINE 2642 /dev/raw/raw7 MEMBER 1
DATA_0002 free_mb不斷減少，_DROPPED_0000_DATA free_mb不斷增多,實際上_DROPPED_0000_DATA並不是一塊真實的盤而是一個佔位而已表示曾經的DATA_0000磁碟出現了故障OFFLINE刪除了，並且
如果需要新增盤的話，需要多少空間而已，當然這個特性只能在高冗餘或者普通冗餘有用，當你新加入盤後資料會從健康的盤同步到新的盤中，同步完成後會自動消失，因為磁碟組又恢復到正常狀態，
及普通冗餘有2個失效組，高冗餘有3個失效組。
SQL> r
1* select state,NAME,MODE_STATUS,FREE_MB,path,HEADER_STATUS,GROUP_NUMBER from v$asm_disk
STATE NAME MODE_ST FREE_MB PATH HEADER_STATU GROUP_NUMBER
-------- ------------------------------ ------- ---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------ ------------
NORMAL ONLINE 0 /dev/raw/raw8 FORMER 0
NORMAL DATA_0001 ONLINE 751 /dev/raw/raw6 MEMBER 2
NORMAL DATA_0002 ONLINE 751 /dev/raw/raw5 MEMBER 2
NORMAL ARCH_0000 ONLINE 2642 /dev/raw/raw7 MEMBER 1
最後恢復完成
來自 “ ITPUB部落格 ” ，連結：http://blog.itpub.net/7728585/viewspace-769375/，如需轉載，請註明出處，否則將追究法律責任。
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