Linux下Oracle 11g靜默安裝
Linux下Oracle 11g靜默安裝
1 作業系統及Oracle版本
Linux版本:Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 update 3
Oracle版本:Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1.0) for Linux x86-64
2 硬體環境檢查
2.1 記憶體要求
實體記憶體要求:
至少4G,檢視實體記憶體命令:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
虛擬記憶體要求:
實體記憶體4-8G,要求虛擬記憶體為2倍實體記憶體;
實體記憶體8-32G,要求虛擬記憶體為1.5倍實體記憶體;
實體記憶體32G,要求虛擬記憶體為32G;
檢視虛擬記憶體命令:
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
增加虛擬記憶體示例:
# dd if=/dev/zero f=/swapadd bs=1024 count=2006424
# mkswap /swapadd
# swapon /swapadd
2.2 儲存空間要求
/tmp目錄下需至少1G空間
# df -h /tmp
如果不足1G需設定oracle使用者的TMP和TMPDIR環境變數。
對資料庫安裝目錄,需至少4.35G空間,對資料檔案目錄,需至少1.68G空間。
3 軟體環境檢查
2.1 核心版本要求
需滿足:2.6.18 or later
檢查命令:
# uname -r
2.2 系統包要求
以下系統包或以上版本(32個)必須滿足:
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)
libgcc-4.1.2
libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)
libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
make-3.81
numactl-devel-0.9.8.x86_64
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit)
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
kernel-headers-2.6.18
libgomp-4.1.2
檢查命令:
# rpm -q package_name
安裝包目錄:
安裝命令示例:
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
SCB UPRR check情況如下:
命令 |
結果 |
是否滿足 |
rpm -q binutils |
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-8.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 |
not installed |
|
rpm -q compat-libstdc++-33 |
not installed |
|
rpm -q elfutils-libelf |
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q gcc |
not installed |
|
rpm -q gcc-c++ |
not installed |
|
rpm -q glibc |
glibc-2.5-31 |
滿足 |
rpm -q glibc |
glibc-2.5-31 |
滿足 |
rpm -q glibc-common |
glibc-common-2.5-31 |
滿足 |
rpm -q glibc-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q glibc-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q glibc-headers |
not installed |
|
rpm -q ksh |
ksh-20080202-2.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libaio |
libaio-0.3.106-3.2 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libaio |
libaio-0.3.106-3.2 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libaio-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q libaio-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q libgcc |
libgcc-4.1.2-44.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libgcc |
libgcc-4.1.2-44.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libstdc++ |
libstdc++-4.1.2-44.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libstdc++ |
libstdc++-4.1.2-44.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libstdc++-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q make |
make-3.81-3.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q numactl-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q sysstat |
not installed |
|
rpm -q unixODBC |
not installed |
|
rpm -q unixODBC |
not installed |
|
rpm -q unixODBC-devel |
not installed |
|
rpm -q elfutils-libelf-devel-static |
not installed |
|
rpm -q kernel-headers |
kernel-headers-2.6.18-120.el5 |
滿足 |
rpm -q libgomp |
not installed |
|
經檢查,SCB UPRR生產環境需安裝以下補丁包:
# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh glibc-headers-2.5-34.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-34.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.5-34.i386.rpm --nodeps --force
# rpm -ivh gcc-4.1.2-44.el5.x86_64.rpm libgomp-4.3.2-7.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-44.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh numactl-devel-0.9.8-7.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm
# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.x86_64.rpm
# rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.1.2-48.el5.x86_64.rpm --nodeps --force
4 建立組及使用者
# /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
# /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
# /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
5 配置核心引數
5.1 檢查核心引數
下表為需要檢查的核心引數、最小值、檢查命令、及引數檔案路徑:
引數 |
最小值 |
檢查命令 |
檔案路徑 |
semmsl |
250 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem |
/proc/sys/kernel/sem |
semmns |
32000 |
||
semopm |
100 |
||
semmni |
128 |
||
shmall |
2097152 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmall |
shmmax |
4GB-1byte或實體記憶體的一半,兩者最小值. Default: 536870912 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmax |
|
shmmni |
4096 |
/proc/sys/kernel/shmmni |
|
file-max |
6815744 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max |
/proc/sys/fs/file-max |
ip_local_port_range |
Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range |
/proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range |
rmem_default |
262144 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default |
rmem_max |
4194304 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max |
/proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max |
wmem_default |
262144 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default |
wmem_max |
1048576 |
# /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max |
/proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max |
aio-max-nr |
Maximum: 1048576 |
# cat /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
/proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr |
對於需要修改的引數,要在/etc/sysctl.conf(如果沒有該檔案則建立)中修改。如果該檔案中存在引數配置,直接修改,否則增加新行。
以下是對SCB UPRR生產環境的分析:
Oracle推薦設定 /etc/sysctl.conf是否需修改,如何修改
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 ##修改,增加本行
kernel.shmall = 2097152 ##滿足,無需增加或修改
kernel.shmmax = 536870912 ##滿足,無需增加或修改
kernel.shmmni = 4096 ##滿足,無需增加或修改
fs.file-max = 6815744 ##修改,增加本行
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 ##修改,增加本行,
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 ##修改,增加本行
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586 ##修改,增加本行
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 ##修改,增加本行
5.2 修改核心引數
經上述分析,SCB UPRR生產環境在/etc/sysctl.conf中無引數修改,但有引數增加,增加內容如下:
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
修改後,使設定生效:
# /sbin/sysctl -p
執行生效命令後,再次檢查確認引數設定:
# /sbin/sysctl -a
6 使用者限制設定
6.1使用者檔案限制檢查
切換到安裝使用者oracle
# su - oracle
檢查以下引數是否在推薦的範圍內
Type |
Item |
Recommended Ranges |
Command |
soft |
nofile |
at least 1024 |
$ ulimit -Sn |
hard |
nofile |
at least 65536 |
$ ulimit -Hn |
soft |
nproc |
at least 2047 |
$ ulimit -Su |
hard |
nproc |
at least 16384 |
$ ulimit -Hu |
soft |
stack |
at least 10240 KB |
$ ulimit -Ss |
hard |
stack |
at least 10240 KB at most 32768 KB |
$ ulimit -Hs |
6.2修改使用者限制
$ su - root
在檔案/etc/security/limits.conf中加入以下內容:
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
在/etc/pam.d/login中增加以下內容:
vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile中加入以下內容:
# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
7 關閉SELinux
# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
#SELINUX=enforcing
SELINUX=disabled
8 建立安裝目錄
# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/
9 設定環境變數
# su - oracle
$ vi ~/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_BASE=
export ORACLE_SID=uprr
$ source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
$ unset ORACLE_HOME
$ unset TNS_ADMIN
注意,除了ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_SID,( /etc/profile和.bash_profile中)不設定任何oracle相關環境變數(ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH等)。
檢查環境變數:
$ env | more
檢查使用者檔案許可權掩碼:
$ umask
10 靜默安裝軟體
10.1 建立oraInst.loc
$ su - root
# vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
# chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
# chmod 664 /etc/oraInst.loc
10.2 建立響應檔案
# su - oracle
僅安裝Oracle軟體的響應檔案UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=build001
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
建立資料庫的響應檔案UPRR_DBCA.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "uprr"
SID = "uprr"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION = "/u01/app/oracle/oradata"
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION= "/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area"
CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK"
NATIONALCHARACTERSET= "AL16UTF16"
NET配置的響應檔案使用Oracle預設即可,無需修改,該檔案在Oracle安裝包的路徑:
$cp database/response/netca.rsp /home/oracle/UPRR_NETCA.rsp
$ su - root
# chmod 700 /home/oracle/UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
10.3 安裝Oracle
安裝:
# su - oracle
$ cd database
$ ./runInstaller -silent -debug -force -responseFile /home/oracle/UPRR_INSTALL_DB_SWONLY.rsp
備註:(可選引數-noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs)
出現類似如下提示表示安裝完成:
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
...
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------
安裝期間檢視安裝日誌資訊瞭解安裝進度
$ cd $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory/logs
$ tail -100f installActions*.log
root執行$ORACLE_HOME下的root.sh來建立oratab,dbhome,oraenv,coraenv檔案, 如果提示則一直回車:
$ su - root
# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
# more /etc/oratab
設定環境變數
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
Sqlplus測試
$ sqlplus /nolog
11 靜默配置網路
$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /home/oracle/UPRR_NETCA.rsp
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_6/srvm/admin/getcrshome 沒有可執行許可權?
12 靜默安裝資料庫
# su - oracle
$
安裝期間檢視日誌資訊瞭解進度:
$ tail -100f $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/dbca/$ORACLE_SID/$ORACLE_SID.log
建庫後例項檢查
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep | wc -l
$ ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
建庫後監聽檢查
$ lsnrctl status
如果使用歸檔日誌
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database flashback on; (如果要啟用資料庫閃回功能則執行)
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> execute utl_recomp.recomp_serial(); (重新編譯所有可能失效物件)
SQL> alter system archive log current; (手工歸檔測試)
預設安裝的資料庫使用者檢查
SQL> set lines 256 pages 500
SQL> select USER_ID,USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS,DEFAULT_TABLESPACE from dba_users order by 1;
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