前言:
關於多級別選單欄或者許可權系統中部門上下級的樹形遍歷,oracle中有connect by來實現,mysql沒有這樣的便捷途徑,所以MySQL遍歷資料表是我們經常會遇到的頭痛問題,下面通過儲存過程來實現。
1,建立測試表和資料:
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DROP TABLE IF EXISTS csdn.channel; CREATE TABLE csdn.channel ( id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, cname VARCHAR(200) DEFAULT NULL, parent_id INT(11) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) ) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8; INSERT INTO channel(id,cname,parent_id) VALUES (13,'首頁',-1), (14,'TV580',-1), (15,'生活580',-1), (16,'左上幻燈片',13), (17,'幫忙',14), (18,'欄目簡介',17); DROP TABLE IF EXISTS channel; |
2,利用臨時表和遞迴過程實現樹的遍歷(mysql的UDF不能遞迴呼叫):
2.1,從某節點向下遍歷子節點,遞迴生成臨時表資料
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-- pro_cre_childlist DELIMITER DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS csdn.pro_cre_childlist CREATE PROCEDURE csdn.pro_cre_childlist(IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT) BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE b INT; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT id FROM channel WHERE parent_id=rootId; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12; INSERT INTO tmpLst VALUES (NULL,rootId,nDepth); OPEN cur1; FETCH cur1 INTO b; WHILE done=0 DO CALL pro_cre_childlist(b,nDepth+1); FETCH cur1 INTO b; END WHILE; CLOSE cur1; END |
2.2,從某節點向上追溯根節點,遞迴生成臨時表資料
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-- pro_cre_parentlist DELIMITER DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS csdn.pro_cre_parentlist CREATE PROCEDURE csdn.pro_cre_parentlist(IN rootId INT,IN nDepth INT) BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE b INT; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT parent_id FROM channel WHERE id=rootId; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12; INSERT INTO tmpLst VALUES (NULL,rootId,nDepth); OPEN cur1; FETCH cur1 INTO b; WHILE done=0 DO CALL pro_cre_parentlist(b,nDepth+1); FETCH cur1 INTO b; END WHILE; CLOSE cur1; END |
2.3,實現類似Oracle SYS_CONNECT_BY_PATH的功能,遞迴過程輸出某節點id路徑
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-- pro_cre_pathlist DELIMITER USE csdn DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS pro_cre_pathlist CREATE PROCEDURE pro_cre_pathlist(IN nid INT,IN delimit VARCHAR(10),INOUT pathstr VARCHAR(1000)) BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE parentid INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT t.parent_id,CONCAT(CAST(t.parent_id AS CHAR),delimit,pathstr) FROM channel AS t WHERE t.id = nid; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12; OPEN cur1; FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr; WHILE done=0 DO CALL pro_cre_pathlist(parentid,delimit,pathstr); FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr; END WHILE; CLOSE cur1; END DELIMITER ; |
2.4,遞迴過程輸出某節點name路徑
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-- pro_cre_pnlist DELIMITER USE csdn DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS pro_cre_pnlist CREATE PROCEDURE pro_cre_pnlist(IN nid INT,IN delimit VARCHAR(10),INOUT pathstr VARCHAR(1000)) BEGIN DECLARE done INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE parentid INT DEFAULT 0; DECLARE cur1 CURSOR FOR SELECT t.parent_id,CONCAT(t.cname,delimit,pathstr) FROM channel AS t WHERE t.id = nid; DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = 1; SET max_sp_recursion_depth=12; OPEN cur1; FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr; WHILE done=0 DO CALL pro_cre_pnlist(parentid,delimit,pathstr); FETCH cur1 INTO parentid,pathstr; END WHILE; CLOSE cur1; END DELIMITER ; |
2.5,呼叫函式輸出id路徑
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-- fn_tree_path DELIMITER DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS csdn.fn_tree_path CREATE FUNCTION csdn.fn_tree_path(nid INT,delimit VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS VARCHAR(2000) CHARSET utf8 BEGIN DECLARE pathid VARCHAR(1000); SET pathid=CAST(nid AS CHAR); CALL pro_cre_pathlist(nid,delimit,pathid); RETURN pathid; END |
2.6,呼叫函式輸出name路徑
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-- fn_tree_pathname -- 呼叫函式輸出name路徑 DELIMITER DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS csdn.fn_tree_pathname CREATE FUNCTION csdn.fn_tree_pathname(nid INT,delimit VARCHAR(10)) RETURNS VARCHAR(2000) CHARSET utf8 BEGIN DECLARE pathid VARCHAR(1000); SET pathid=''; CALL pro_cre_pnlist(nid,delimit,pathid); RETURN pathid; END DELIMITER ; |
2.7,呼叫過程輸出子節點
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-- pro_show_childLst DELIMITER -- 呼叫過程輸出子節點 DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS pro_show_childLst CREATE PROCEDURE pro_show_childLst(IN rootId INT) BEGIN DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst (sno INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,id INT,depth INT); CALL pro_cre_childlist(rootId,0); SELECT channel.id,CONCAT(SPACE(tmpLst.depth*2),'--',channel.cname) NAME,channel.parent_id,tmpLst.depth,fn_tree_path(channel.id,'/') path,fn_tree_pathname(channel.id,'/') pathname FROM tmpLst,channel WHERE tmpLst.id=channel.id ORDER BY tmpLst.sno; END |
2.8,呼叫過程輸出父節點
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-- pro_show_parentLst DELIMITER -- 呼叫過程輸出父節點 DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `pro_show_parentLst` CREATE PROCEDURE `pro_show_parentLst`(IN rootId INT) BEGIN DROP TEMPORARY TABLE IF EXISTS tmpLst; CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE IF NOT EXISTS tmpLst (sno INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,id INT,depth INT); CALL pro_cre_parentlist(rootId,0); SELECT channel.id,CONCAT(SPACE(tmpLst.depth*2),'--',channel.cname) NAME,channel.parent_id,tmpLst.depth,fn_tree_path(channel.id,'/') path,fn_tree_pathname(channel.id,'/') pathname FROM tmpLst,channel WHERE tmpLst.id=channel.id ORDER BY tmpLst.sno; END |
3,開始測試:
3.1,從根節點開始顯示,顯示子節點集合:
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mysql> CALL pro_show_childLst(-1); +----+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | 13 | --首頁 | -1 | 1 | -1/13 | 首頁/ | | 16 | --左上幻燈片 | 13 | 2 | -1/13/16 | 首頁/左上幻燈片/ | | 14 | --TV580 | -1 | 1 | -1/14 | TV580/ | | 17 | --幫忙 | 14 | 2 | -1/14/17 | TV580/幫忙/ | | 18 | --欄目簡介 | 17 | 3 | -1/14/17/18 | TV580/幫忙/欄目簡介/ | | 15 | --生活580 | -1 | 1 | -1/15 | 生活580/ | +----+-----------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.05 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) |
3.2,顯示首頁下面的子節點
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CALL pro_show_childLst(13); mysql> CALL pro_show_childLst(13); +----+---------------------+-----------+-------+----------+-------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+---------------------+-----------+-------+----------+-------------------------+ | 13 | --首頁 | -1 | 0 | -1/13 | 首頁/ | | 16 | --左上幻燈片 | 13 | 1 | -1/13/16 | 首頁/左上幻燈片/ | +----+---------------------+-----------+-------+----------+-------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> |
3.3,顯示TV580下面的所有子節點
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CALL pro_show_childLst(14); mysql> CALL pro_show_childLst(14); +----+--------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+--------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | 14 | --TV580 | -1 | 0 | -1/14 | TV580/ | | 17 | --幫忙 | 14 | 1 | -1/14/17 | TV580/幫忙/ | | 18 | --欄目簡介 | 17 | 2 | -1/14/17/18 | TV580/幫忙/欄目簡介/ | +----+--------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> |
3.4,“幫忙”節點有一個子節點,顯示出來:
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CALL pro_show_childLst(17); mysql> CALL pro_show_childLst(17); +----+------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | 17 | --幫忙 | 14 | 0 | -1/14/17 | TV580/幫忙/ | | 18 | --欄目簡介 | 17 | 1 | -1/14/17/18 | TV580/幫忙/欄目簡介/ | +----+------------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.03 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) mysql> |
3.5,“欄目簡介”沒有子節點,所以只顯示最終節點:
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mysql> CALL pro_show_childLst(18); +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | 18 | --欄目簡介 | 17 | 0 | -1/14/17/18 | TV580/幫忙/欄目簡介/ | +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.36 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.36 sec) mysql> |
3.6,顯示根節點的父節點
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CALL pro_show_parentLst(-1); mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(-1); Empty set (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> |
3.7,顯示“首頁”的父節點
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CALL pro_show_parentLst(13); mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(13); +----+----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ | 13 | --首頁 | -1 | 0 | -1/13 | 首頁/ | +----+----------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> |
3.8,顯示“TV580”的父節點,parent_id為-1
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CALL pro_show_parentLst(14); mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(14); +----+---------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+---------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ | 14 | --TV580 | -1 | 0 | -1/14 | TV580/ | +----+---------+-----------+-------+-------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) |
3.9,顯示“幫忙”節點的父節點
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mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(17); mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(17); +----+-----------+-----------+-------+----------+---------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+-----------+-----------+-------+----------+---------------+ | 17 | --幫忙 | 14 | 0 | -1/14/17 | TV580/幫忙/ | | 14 | --TV580 | -1 | 1 | -1/14 | TV580/ | +----+-----------+-----------+-------+----------+---------------+ 2 rows in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> |
3.10,顯示最低層節點“欄目簡介”的父節點
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CALL pro_show_parentLst(18); mysql> CALL pro_show_parentLst(18); +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | id | NAME | parent_id | depth | path | pathname | +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ | 18 | --欄目簡介 | 17 | 0 | -1/14/17/18 | TV580/幫忙/欄目簡介/ | | 17 | --幫忙 | 14 | 1 | -1/14/17 | TV580/幫忙/ | | 14 | --TV580 | -1 | 2 | -1/14 | TV580/ | +----+----------------+-----------+-------+-------------+----------------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> |
參考網址:
http://jan.kneschke.de/projects/mysql/sp/sp_tree.sql
http://blog.csdn.net/ylqmf/article/details/5172901