11g oracle database installation with oracle grid infrastructure on linux(文件)
11g oracle database installation with oracle grid infrastructure on linux
一、預裝oracle database 準備
安裝11g oracle database所需的linux軟體包
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel 4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#i1011296
yum install binutils compat-libstdc++ elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibcglibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh-20060214 libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++- libstdc++-devel make-3.81 sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
(unixODBC,unixODBC-devel是ODBC的支援包;ODBC更多解釋:http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/ODBC)
安裝cvuqdisk包(Cluster Verification Utility find shared disks)
[root@doudou-32bit tmp]# cd /opt/grid/rpm/
[root@doudou-32bit rpm]# export CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall
[root@doudou-32bit rpm]# rpm -iv cvuqdisk-1.0.7-1.rpm
建立oracle產品組,root使用者
vi /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
DNS解析,直接配置hosts檔案
vi /etc/hosts
192.168.1.217 doudou doudou
磁碟要求,請看附表
記憶體和SWAP要求
--oracle database--
Minimum: 1 GB of RAM
Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more
SWAP建議
RAM |
Swap Space |
Between 1 GB and 2 GB |
1.5 times the size of the RAM |
Between 2 GB and 16 GB |
Equal to the size of the RAM |
More than 16 GB |
16 GB |
--Oracle grid infrastructure--
RAM>=1.5G oracle grid
RAM>=2.5G oracle grid + oracle database
RAM>=4G oracle grid + oracle rac
SWAP建議
Available RAM |
Swap Space Required |
Between 2.5 GB and 32 GB |
Equal to the size of RAM |
More than 32 GB |
32 GB of RAM |
檢視當前swap
grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
檢視當前shmfs
df -h /dev/shm
注:oracle 11g AMM 使用記憶體需要通過更多的共享記憶體
(如需增加/dev/shm請看附表增加/dev/shm)
建立組
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 501 oinstall
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper
/usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba
建立使用者
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 501 -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracle
/usr/sbin/useradd -u 8001 -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,dba grid
修改密碼
passwd oracle
passwd grid
注:具體組和使用者含義請看附表Overview of Groups and Users
使用者環境變數
--oracle---
vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:
umask 022
--grid--
vi .bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:
umask 022
注:tmp空間不足時,新增TMPDIR;可以看附表增大tmp
建立目錄
--oracle database--
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
--oracle grid infrastructure--
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01
注:具體目錄含義請看附表Overview of directories
安裝使用者資源限制
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
對預設的shell啟動檔案進行更改,以便oracle安裝所有者的 ulimit設定
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ /$USER = "oracle" ] || [ /$USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ /$SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
umask 022
fi
更改核心引數值
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 524288
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
執行sysctl -p 立即生效
注: shmall and shmmax解釋請看附表 shmall and shmmax
二、ASM DISK(openfiler模擬儲存伺服器)
1、 使用udev製作ASM DISK
2、 使用asmlib製作 ASM DISK
製作partitions
具體制作partition具體步驟如下:
fdisk /dev/sda
n
p
1
回車
回車
w
partprobe /dev/sda1
其他分割槽省略
1、 使用udev製作ASM DISK
製作完分割槽後,使用udev固化iscsi磁碟裝置名稱
檢視儲存磁碟scsi_id(scsi_id具有唯一性)
[root@localhost rules.d]# scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sdb
14f504e46494c4500764a6b65714e2d416b5a432d314d6753
[root@localhost rules.d]# scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sdc
14f504e46494c45004532476568362d566f35702d35303470
建立新的 vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
[root@localhost rules.d]# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="14f504e46494c4500764a6b65714e2d416b5a432d314d6753", NAME="asm_data-1", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="14f504e46494c45004532476568362d566f35702d35303470", NAME="asm_data-2", WNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
[root@doudou ~]# start_udev start
啟動 udev:[確定]
[root@localhost rules.d]# ls -l /dev/asm*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 16 05-03 17:58 /dev/asm_data-1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 05-03 17:58 /dev/asm_data-2
OK到此我們使用udev製作的ASM DISK完成
注:個人推薦使用udev製作ASM DISK
至於什麼不使用asmlib?可以看看maclean liu的見解
http://www.askmaclean.com/archives/why-asmlib-and-why-not.html
2、使用asmlib製作 ASM DISK
2-1.檢視作業系統版本
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# uname -rm
2.6.18-348.3.1.el5 i686
2-2.下載相關的asmlib包
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html
oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5debug-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5PAE-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasm-2.6.18-348.3.1.el5xen-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
oracleasm-support-2.1.8-1.el5.i386.rpm
安裝包過程省略
2-3.配置oracleasm
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
2-4.使用oracleasm建立ASM DISK
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sda1
其餘省略
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks
DISK1
DISK2
DISK3
DISK4
DISK5
DISK6
DISK7
DISK8
OK到此使用asmlib製作ASM DISK完成
安裝oracle grid infrastructure
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# su – grid
[grid@doudou-32bit ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.25:0.0
[grid@doudou-32bit grid]$ ./runInstaller
圖形安裝過程省略
External redundancy --1個ASM DISK即可(磁碟有raid支援情況下)每個磁碟無大小要求
Normal redundancy --2個ASM DISK必須(沒有raid建議使用)EACH ASM DISK SIZE 1:1
High redundancy --3個ASM DISK必須(沒有raid建議使用) EACH ASM DISK SIZE 1:1:1
[grid@doudou-32bit grid]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Apr 18 14:26:05 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option
SQL> select name,state,type,total_mb,free_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
---------- ----------- ------ ---------- ---------- --------------
DATA MOUNTED NORMAL 30708 30529 15234 --為可用空間
REDO MOUNTED EXTERN 511 459 459
注:USABLE_FILE_MB 為ASM DISK 磁碟組真實可用空間
安裝oracle database
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@doudou-32bit ~]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.1.25:0.0
[oracle@doudou-32bit database]$ ./runInstaller
圖形安裝過程省略
需要注意的是:database 字符集的選擇
附表
11g Oracle Database installation with Oracle grid infrastructure
磁碟要求
oracle database磁碟最小需求
The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86:
Installation Type |
Requirement for Software Files (GB) |
Enterprise Edition |
3.95 |
Standard Edition |
3.88 |
Installation Type |
Disk Space for Data Files (GB) |
Enterprise Edition |
1.7 |
Standard Edition |
1.5 |
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId12
oracle grid infrastructure磁碟最小要求
At least 5.5 GB of disk space.
At least 1 GB of space in the /tmp directory.
Overview of Groups and Users
功能 |
作業系統組名 |
備註 |
Oracle Inventory Group |
oinstall |
|
OSDBA Group for Database Installations |
dba |
|
OSOPER Group for Database Installations |
oper |
|
asmadmin |
連線Oracle ASM 例項 |
|
OSDBA Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management |
asmdba |
必須組 |
OSOPER Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management |
asmoper |
可選組 |
*********************************************** |
************ |
******************* |
功能 |
作業系統使用者 |
備註 |
Oracle Software Owner User |
oracle |
|
Oracle grid infrastructure Software Owner User |
grid |
|
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#BABHHEJD
下面是oracle技術文件中的解釋更為詳細精準
Description |
OS Group Name |
OS Users Assigned to this Group |
Oracle Privilege |
Oracle Group Name |
Oracle Inventory and Software Owner |
oinstall |
grid, oracle |
|
|
Oracle Automatic Storage Management Group |
asmadmin |
grid |
SYSASM |
OSASM |
ASM Database Administrator Group |
asmdba |
grid, oracle |
SYSDBA for ASM |
OSDBA for ASM |
ASM Operator Group |
asmoper |
grid |
SYSOPER for ASM |
OSOPER for ASM |
Database Administrator |
dba |
oracle |
SYSDBA |
OSDBA |
Database Operator |
oper |
oracle |
SYSOPER |
OSOPER |
Overview of directories
目錄名 |
模版 |
建立的目錄 |
Oracle base directory |
/mount_point/app/software_owner |
/u01/app/oracle |
Oracle inventory directory |
ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory |
/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory |
Oracle home directory |
ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 |
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 |
************************* |
*********************************** |
**************** |
Oracle Grid Infrastructure base directory |
/mount_point/app/software_owner |
/u01/app/grid |
Oracle Grid Infrastructure inventory directory |
ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory |
/u01/app/grid/oraInventory |
Oracle Grid Infrastructure home directory |
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid |
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid |
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId52
增加/dev/shm
共享記憶體的標準:The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer.
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# df -h /dev/shm
檔案系統 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
tmpfs 990M 154M 836M 16% /dev/shm
如果/dev/shm太小,我們可以新增/dev/shm
①暫時新增/dev/shm方法:mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2g /dev/shm
②永久新增/dev/shm方法:vi /etc/fstab
尾部新增一行 shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=2g 0
我使用的永久新增方法,可以不重啟機器直接mount –a 立即生效/etc/fstab的內容
[root@doudou-32bit grid]# mount –a
增大/dev/shm的結果展示
[root@doudou-32bit ~]# df -h /dev/shm
檔案系統 容量 已用 可用 已用% 掛載點
shmfs 2.0G 0 2.0G 0% /dev/shm
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId10
shmall and shmmax
shmall:physical memory/PAGESIZE
shmmax:Recommended: More than half the physical memory
這個shmmax引數是限制shared memory segments (mos 567506.1),可不要認為這個引數是限制SGA或memory_max_target
官檔地址:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e24321/pre_install.htm#autoId50
增大tmp
mkdir -p /u01/tmp
chmod -R a+wr /u01/tmp
使用者環境變數
export TMPDIR=/u01/tmp
線上增加swap
1、建立交換分割槽目錄
mkdir -p /opt/image
2、建立swap所需檔案(以2G為例)
dd if=/dev/zero f=/opt/image/swap bs=1024 count=2048000
3、建立交換空間,使用命令nkswap
nkswap /opt/image/swap
4、啟動新增交換空間,使用命令swapon
swapon /opt/image/swap
5、檢視是否新增成功
free -m
6、修改/etc/fstab檔案,設定永久型swap即開機自動掛載
vi /etc/fstab
尾部新增
/opt/image/swap swap swap defaults 0 0
7、不重啟,直接掛載驗證/etc/fstab修改結果
mount -a
free -m
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