模組：https://docs.saltstack.com/en/2016.11/ref/states/all/index.html 

實戰架構圖：
SaltStack實戰

實驗環境設定：

主機名 IP地址 角色
linux-node1.example.com 192.168.56.11 Master、Minion、Haproxy+Keepalived、Nginx+PHP
linux-node2.example.com 192.168.56.12 Minion、Memcached、Haproxy+Keepalived、Nginx+PHP

SaltStack環境設定：

base環境用於存放初始化的功能，prod環境用於放置生產的配置管理功能

[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
file_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/salt/base
  dev:
    - /srv/salt/dev
  test:
    - /srv/salt/test
  prod:
    - /srv/salt/prod

pillar_roots:
  base:
    - /srv/pillar/base
  prod:
    - /srv/pillar/prod

1、系統初始化

當我們的伺服器上架並安裝好作業系統後，都會有一些基礎的操作，所以生產環境中使用SaltStack，建議將所有伺服器都會涉及的基礎配置或者軟體部署歸類放在base環境下。此處，在base環境下建立一個init目錄，將系統初始化配置的sls均放置到init目錄下，稱為“初始化模組”。

（1）需求分析和模組識別

初始化內容 模組使用 檔案
關閉SElinux file.managed /etc/selinux/config
關閉預設firewalld service.disabled
時間同步 pkg.installed
檔案描述符 file.managed /etc/security/limits.conf
核心優化 sysctl.present
SSH服務優化 file.managed、service.running
精簡開機系統服務 service.dead
DNS解析 file.managed /etc/resolv.conf
歷史記錄優化history file.append /etc/profile
設定終端超時時間 file.append /etc/profile
配置yum源 file.managed /etc/yum.repo.d/epel.repo
安裝各種agent pkg.installed 、file.managed、service.running
基礎使用者 user.present、group.present
常用基礎命令 pkg.installed、pkgs
使用者登入提示、PS1的修改 file.append /etc/profile

（2）需求實現

[root@linux-node1 base]# pwd
/srv/salt/base
[root@linux-node1 base]# mkdir init/files -p

1、關閉selinux
#使用了file模組的managed方法
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim selinux.sls 
selinux-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/selinux/config
    - source: salt://salt/init/files/selinux-config
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644
[root@linux-node1 init]# cp /etc/selinux/config files/selinux-config

2、關閉firewalld
#使用service模組的dead方法，直接關閉firewalld，並禁止開機啟動
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim firewalld.sls 
firewall-stop:
  service.dead:
    - name: firewalld.service
    - enable: False

3、時間同步
#先使用pkg模組安裝ntp服務，再使用cron模組加入計劃任務
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim ntp.sls 
ntp-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: ntpdate

cron-ntpdate:
  cron.present:
    - name: ntpdate time1.aliyun.com
    - user: root
    - minute: 5

4、修改檔案描述符
#使用file模組的managed方法
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim limit.sls 
limit-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/security/limits.conf
    - source: salt://init/files/limits.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644
[root@linux-node1 init]# cp /etc/security/limits.conf files/
[root@linux-node1 init]# echo "*               -       nofile          65535
" >> files/limits.conf 

5、核心優化
#使用sysctl模組的present方法,此處演示一部分，這裡沒有使用name引數，所以id就相當於是name
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim sysctl.sls 
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1

net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1

net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 600

6、SSH服務優化
#使用file.managed和service.running以及watch，對ssh服務進行優化配置
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim sshd.sls
sshd-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    - source: salt://init/files/sshd_config
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 0600
  service.running:
    - name: sshd
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - watch:
      - file: sshd-config
[root@linux-node1 init]# cp /etc/ssh/sshd_config files/
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim files/sshd_config 
Port 8022
UseDNS no
PermitRootLogin no
PermitEmptyPasswords no
GSSAPIAuthentication no

7、精簡開機啟動的系統服務
#舉例關閉postfix開機自啟動
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim thin.sls 
postfix:
  service.dead:
    - enable: False

8、DNS解析
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim dns.sls 
dns-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/resolv.conf
    - source: salt://init/files/resolv.conf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644
[root@linux-node1 init]# cp /etc/resolv.conf files/

9、歷史記錄優化history
#使用file.append擴充套件修改HISTTIMEFORMAT的值
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim history.sls 
history-config:
  file.append:
    - name: /etc/profile
    - text:
      - export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "
      - export HISTSIZE=5
      - export HISTFILESIZE=5

10、設定終端超時時間
#使用file.append擴充套件修改TMOUT環境變數的值
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim tty-timeout.sls 
ty-timeout:
  file.append:
    - name: /etc/profile
    - text:
      - export TMOUT=300

11、配置yum源
#拷貝yum源
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim yum-repo.sls 
/etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://init/files/epel.repo
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644

12、安裝各種agent（如安裝zabbix-agent）
#相當於一個軟體的安裝、配置、啟動，此處也使用了jinja模板和pillar
[root@linux-node1 base]# mkdir zabbix
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim zabbix/zabbix-agent.sls 
zabbix-agent:
  pkg.installed:
    - name: zabbix22-agent
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/zabbix_agentd.conf
    - source: salt://zabbix/files/zabbix_agentd.conf
    - template: jinja
    - defaults:
      ZABBIX-SERVER: {{ pillar[`zabbix-agent`][`Zabbix_Server`] }}
    - require:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
  service.running:
    - enable: True
    - watch:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
      - file: zabbix-agent
zabbix_agent.conf.d:
  file.directory:
    - name: /etc/zabbix_agentd.conf.d
    - watch_in:
      - service: zabbix-agent
    - require:
      - pkg: zabbix-agent
      - file: zabbix-agent
[root@linux-node1 srv]# vim pillar/base/zabbix.sls 
zabbix-agent:
  Zabbix_Server: 192.168.56.11

13、基礎使用者
#增加基礎管理使用者www，使用user.present和group.present
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim user-www.sls 
www-user-group:
  group.present:
    - name: www
    - gid: 1000

  user.present:
    - name: www
    - fullname: www
    - shell: /sbin/bash
    - uid: 1000
    - gid: 1000

14、常用基礎命令
#這裡因為各軟體包會依賴源，所以使用include講yum源包含進來，並在pkg.installed最後增加require依賴
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim pkg-base.sls 
include:
  - init.yum-repo
base-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - screen
      - lrzsz
      - tree
      - openssl
      - telnet
      - iftop
      - iotop
      - sysstat
      - wget
      - dos2unix
      - lsof
      - net-tools
      - mtr
      - unzip
      - zip
      - vim
      - bind-utils
    - require:
      - file: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

15、使用者登入提示、PS1的修改    
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim tty-ps1.sls 
/etc/bashrc:
  file.append:
    - text:
      - export PS1=` [u@h w]$ `

16、編寫一個總的狀態，並寫入top file中
#將所有初始化所需要的功能編寫完成，每個小功能都是一個sls檔案，統一放在init目錄下。此時再使用include把這些初始化的功能都包含進來。
[root@linux-node1 init]# vim init-all.sls 
include:
  - init.dns
  - init.yum-repo
  - init.firewalld
  - init.history
  - init.limit
  - init.ntp
  - init.pkg-base
  - init.selinux
  - init.sshd
  - init.sysctl
  - init.thin
  - init.tty-timeout
  - init.tty-ps1
  - init.user-www

#在top.sls裡面給Minion指定狀態並執行，強烈建議先測試，確定SaltStack會執行哪些操作然後再應用狀態到伺服器上
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls 
base:
  `*`:
    - init.init-all
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt `*` state.highstate test=True
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt `*` state.highstate

2、MySQL主從

1.需求分析：

配置MySQL主從的有以下步驟：

（1）MySQL安裝初始化—->mysql-install.sls

（2）MySQL的主配置檔案my.cnf配置不同的server_id–>mariadb-server-master.cnf、mariadb-server-slave.cnf

（3）建立主從同步使用者–>master.sls

（4）master獲取bin-log和post值–>通過指令碼實現

（5）slave上，change master && start slave–>slave.sls

2.需求實現：

(1)在prod環境下載建立modules和mysql目錄
[root@linux-node1 prod]# pwd
/srv/salt/prod
[root@linux-node1 prod]# mkdir modules/mysql

（2）配置安裝和配置狀態檔案install.sls
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cat install.sls 
mysql-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - pkgs:
      - mariadb
      - mariadb-server

mysql-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf
    - source: salt://modules/mysql/files/my.cnf
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 644
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cp /etc/my.cnf files/

（3）在主上配置mariadb-server.cnf,並更改server_id，以及建立主從使用者
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cat master.sls 
include:
  - modules.mysql.install

master-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
    - source: salt://modules/mysql/files/mariadb-server-master.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644

master-grant:
  cmd.run:
    - name: mysql -e "grant replication slave on *.* to repl@`192.168.56.0/255.255.255.0` identified by `123456`;flush privileges;"
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cp /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf files/mariadb-server-master.cnf 
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cp /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf files/mariadb-server-slave.cnf 

#修改主從的配置檔案的server_id和開啟主上的log-bin功能
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# vim files/mariadb-server-master.cnf 
[mysqld]
server_id=1111
log-bin=mysql-bin
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# vim files/mariadb-server-slave.cnf 
[mysqld]
server_id=2222

（4）編寫shell指令碼獲取bin-log值和pos值
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cat files/start-slave.sh 
#!/bin/bash
for i in `seq 1 10`
do
    mysql -h 192.168.56.11 -urepl -p123456 -e "exit"
    if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
        Bin_log=`mysql -h 192.168.56.11 -urepl -p123456 -e "show master status;"|awk  `NR==2{print $1}``
        POS=`mysql -h 192.168.56.11 -urepl -p123456 -e "show master status;"|awk  `NR==2{print $2}``
    mysql -e "change master to master_host=`192.168.56.11`, master_user=`repl`, master_password=`123456`, master_log_file=`$Bin_log`, master_log_pos=$POS;start slave;"
    exit;
    else
        sleep 60;
    fi
done

（5）從庫上配置slave，並啟動
[root@linux-node1 mysql]# cat slave.sls 
include:
  - modules.mysql.install

slave-config:
  file.managed:
    - name: /etc/my.cnf.d/mariadb-server.cnf
    - source: salt://modules/mysql/files/mariadb-server-slave.cnf
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 0644

start-slave:
  file.managed:
    - name: /tmp/start-slave.sh
    - source: salt://modules/mysql/files/start-slave.sh
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: /bin/bash /tmp/start-slave.sh

3、HAproxy+Keepalived

（1）pkg配置管理

[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir pkg
[root@linux-node1 pkg]# vim pkg-init.sls 
pkg-init:
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - gcc
      - gcc-c++
      - glibc
      - make
      - autoconf
      - openssl
      - openssl-devel
[root@linux-node1 pkg]# salt `linux-node1*` state.sls modules.pkg.pkg-init saltenv=prod test=True

（2）haproxy配置管理

[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir haproxy/files -p
[root@linux-node1 haproxy]# cat haproxy.sls 
include:
  - pkg.pkg-init

haproxy-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.5.3.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/haproxy/files/haproxy-1.5.3.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar -zxvf haproxy-1.5.3.tar.gz && cd haproxy-1.5.3 && make TARGET=linux26 PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy && make install PREFIX=/usr/local/haproxy
    - unless: test -d /usr/local/haproxy
    - require:
      - pkg: pkg-init
      - file: haproxy-install

/etc/init.d/haproxy:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://modules/haproxy/files/haproxy.init
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
    - require:
      - cmd: haproxy-install

net.ipv4.ip_nonlocal_bind:
  sysctl.present:
    - value: 1

haproxy-config-dir:
  file.directory:
    - name: /etc/haproxy
    - mode: 755
    - user: root
    - group: root

haproxy-init:
  cmd.run:
    - name: chkconfig --add haproxy
    - unless: chkconfig --list | grep haproxy
    - require:
      - file: /etc/init.d/haproxy
[root@linux-node1 haproxy]# cp /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.5.3.tar.gz files/
[root@linux-node1 haproxy]# cp /usr/local/src/haproxy-1.5.3/examples/haproxy.init files/
[root@linux-node1 haproxy]# tree 
.
├── files
│   ├── haproxy-1.5.3.tar.gz
│   └── haproxy.init
└── install.sls

（3）Keepalived配置管理

[root@linux-node1 keepalived]# vim install.sls 
include:
  - pkg.pkg-init

keepalived-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/keepalived/files/keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/locall/src && tar -zxf keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz && cd keepalived-1.2.17 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --disable-fwmark && make && make install
    - unless: test -d /usr/local/keepalived
    - require:
      - pkg: pkg-init
      - file: keepalived-install

/etc/sysconfig/keeplived:
  file.managed:
    - source: salt://modules/keepalived/files/keepalived-sysconfig
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 644

/etc/init.d/keepalived:
  file.managed:
    - sourcd: salt://modules/keepalived/files/keepalived.init
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755

keepalive-init:
  cmd.run:
    - name: chkconfig --add keepalived
    - unless: chkconfig --list | grep keepalived
    - require:
      - file: /etc/init.d/keepalived

/etc/keepalived:
  file.directory:
    - user: root
    - group: root
[root@linux-node1 keepalived]# cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz files/
[root@linux-node1 init.d]# pwd
/usr/local/src/keepalived-1.2.17/keepalived/etc/init.d
[root@linux-node1 init.d]# cp keepalived.init /srv/salt/prod/modules/keepalived/files/
[root@linux-node1 init.d]# cp keepalived.sysconfig /srv/salt/prod/modules/keepalived/files/
[root@linux-node1 keepalived]# tree 
.
├── files
│   ├── keepalived-1.2.17.tar.gz
│   ├── keepalived.init
│   └── keepalived.sysconfig
└── install.sls

4、Nginx+PHP

（1）Nginx配置管理

[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir pcre
[root@linux-node1 pcre]# cat init.sls 
pcre-install:
  pkg.installed:
    - names: 
      - pcre
      - pcre-devel
[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir user
[root@linux-node1 user]# cat www.sls 
www-user-group:
  group.present:
    - name: www
    - gid: 1000

  user.present:
    - name: www
    - fullname: www
    - shell: /sbin/nologin
    - uid: 1000
    - gid: 1000
[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir nginx/files -p
[root@linux-node1 nginx]# cp /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz files/
[root@linux-node1 nginx]# tree 
.
├── files
│   └── nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
└── install.sls
[root@linux-node1 nginx]# cat install.sls 
include:
  - modules.pcre.init
  - modules.user.www
  - modules.pkg.pkg-init

nginx-source-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/nginx/files/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name : cd /usr/local/src && tar -zxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz && cd nginx-1.12.2 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-file-aio --with-http_dav_module && make && make install && chown -R www.www /usrl/local/nginx
    - unless: test -d /usr/local/nginx
    - require:
      - user: www-user-group
      - file: nginx-source-install
      - pkg: pcre-install
      - pkg: pkg-init
[root@linux-node1 nginx]# salt `linux-node1*` state.sls modules.nginx.install saltenv=prod test=True

（2）PHP配置管理

[root@linux-node1 modules]# mkdir php/files -p
[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.9/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm files/
[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf.default files/
[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.9/php.ini-production files/
[root@linux-node1 php]# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.9.tar.gz files/
[root@linux-node1 php]# tree 
.
├── files
│   ├── init.d.php-fpm
│   ├── php-5.6.9.tar.gz
│   ├── php-fpm.conf.default
│   └── php.ini-production
└── install.sls
[root@linux-node1 php]# cat install.sls 
include:
  - modules.user.www

pkg-php:
  pkg.installed:
    - names:
      - mysql-devel
      - openssl-devel
      - swig
      - libjpeg-turbo
      - libjpeg-turbo-devel
      - libpng
      - libpng-devel
      - freetype
      - freetype-devel
      - libxml2
      - libxml2-devel
      - zlib
      - zlib-devel
      - libcurl
      - libcurl-devel

php-source-install:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/src/php-5.6.9.tar.gz
    - source: salt://modules/php/files/php-5.6.9.tar.gz
    - user: root
    - gourp: root
    - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: cd /usr/local/src && tar -zxf php-5.6.9.tar.gz && cd php-5.6.9 && ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php -with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-mysql=mysqlnd --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --enable-xml  --with-libxml-dir --with-curl --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem  --enable-inline-optimization --enable-mbregex --with-openssl --enable-mbstring --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-gettext=/usr/lib64 --enable-sockets --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap --disable-debug --enable-opcache --enable-zip --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php-fastcgi/etc --enable-fpm --with-fpm-user=www --with-fpm-group=www && make && make install
    - require:
      - file: php-source-install
      - user: www-user-group
    - unless: test -d /user/local/php

php-ini:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
    - source: salt://modules/php/files/php.ini-production
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

php-fpm:
  file.managed:
    - name: /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
    - source: salt://modules/php/files/php-fpm.conf.default
    - user: root
    - group: root
    - mode: 644

php-service:
  file.managed:
   - name: /etc/init.d/php-fpm
   - source: salt://modules/php/files/init.d.php-fpm
   - user: root
   - group: root
   - mode: 755
  cmd.run:
    - name: chkconfig --add php-fpm
    - unless: chkconfig --list | grep php-fpm
    - require:
      - file: php-service
  service.running:
    - name: php-fpm
    - enable: True
    - reload: True
    - require:
      - file: php-ini
      - file: php-fpm
      - file: php-service
      - cmd: php-service

統一使用的功能都抽象成一個模組，如安裝以及基本配置（nginx中包含include，php中包含的include，那麼就可以將nginx.conf放在功能模組，而虛擬主機配置檔案，可以放在業務模組）。

其它配置和服務啟動可以抽象在一個業務模組，每一個業務都是使用不同的配置檔案。

服務全部使用www使用者，統一id，只開放8080埠，對於web服務只開放ssh的8022埠以及web的8080埠。其餘不用的埠一律不開啟

這裡將nginx，php都抽象成一個模組，把安裝和基礎配置都放在了modules中，在nginx衍生的業務模組web目錄下，做一個bbs的虛擬主機。

[root@linux-node1 base]# vim top.sls 
prod:
  `*`:
    - web.bbs
[root@linux-node1 base]# salt `*` state.highstate