linux 核心升級步驟,kernel升級

dbasdk發表於2014-08-25

    linux版本 RHEL7.0



    下載核心 從以下網站

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    上傳kernel檔案到/usr/src/kernels/ 目錄下,此處也可以選擇其他目錄

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    解壓kernel檔案

    [root@apache kernels]# tar -xJvf linux-3.16.1.tar.xz



    安裝包 gcc、ncurses-devel

    [root@apache yum.repos.d]# yum -y install gcc ncurses-devel

    Failed to set locale, defaulting to C

    Loaded plugins: langpacks, product-id, subscription-manager

    This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.

    Repository 'y' is missing name in configuration, using id

    y | 4.1 kB 00:00:00

    Resolving Dependencies

    --&gt Running transaction check

    ---&gt Package gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Processing Dependency: cpp = 4.8.2-16.el7 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12 for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Processing Dependency: libmpc.so.3()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Processing Dependency: libmpfr.so.4()(64bit) for package: gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64

    ---&gt Package ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Running transaction check

    ---&gt Package cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 will be installed

    ---&gt Package glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-headers = 2.17-55.el7 for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Processing Dependency: glibc-headers for package: glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

    ---&gt Package libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 will be installed

    ---&gt Package mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Running transaction check

    ---&gt Package glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Processing Dependency: kernel-headers >= 2.2.1 for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Processing Dependency: kernel-headers for package: glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64

    --&gt Running transaction check

    ---&gt Package kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 will be installed

    --&gt Finished Dependency Resolution

    Dependencies Resolved

    ==================================================================================================================

    Package Arch Version Repository Size

    ==================================================================================================================

    Installing:

    gcc x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 16 M

    ncurses-devel x86_64 5.9-13.20130511.el7 y 713 k

    Installing for dependencies:

    cpp x86_64 4.8.2-16.el7 y 5.9 M

    glibc-devel x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 1.0 M

    glibc-headers x86_64 2.17-55.el7 y 650 k

    kernel-headers x86_64 3.10.0-121.el7 y 1.4 M

    libmpc x86_64 1.0.1-3.el7 y 51 k

    mpfr x86_64 3.1.1-4.el7 y 203 k

    Transaction Summary

    ==================================================================================================================

    Install 2 Packages (+6 Dependent packages)

    Total download size: 26 M

    Installed size: 61 M

    Downloading packages:

    ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Total 31 MB/s | 26 MB 00:00:00

    Running transaction check

    Running transaction test

    Transaction test succeeded

    Running transaction

    Installing : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 1/8

    Installing : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 2/8

    Installing : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 3/8

    Installing : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 4/8

    Installing : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 5/8

    Installing : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 6/8

    Installing : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8

    Installing : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 8/8

    Verifying : ncurses-devel-5.9-13.20130511.el7.x86_64 1/8

    Verifying : mpfr-3.1.1-4.el7.x86_64 2/8

    Verifying : glibc-headers-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 3/8

    Verifying : glibc-devel-2.17-55.el7.x86_64 4/8

    Verifying : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64 5/8

    Verifying : kernel-headers-3.10.0-121.el7.x86_64 6/8

    Verifying : gcc-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 7/8

    Verifying : cpp-4.8.2-16.el7.x86_64 8/8

    Installed:

    gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 ncurses-devel.x86_64 0:5.9-13.20130511.el7

    Dependency Installed:

    cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.2-16.el7 glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7 glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-55.el7

    kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-121.el7 libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7 mpfr.x86_64 0:3.1.1-4.el7

    Complete!



    執行make

    先檢視make幫助

    [root@apache linux-3.16.1]# make help

    Cleaning targets:

    clean                 - Remove most generated files but keep the config and

    enough build support to build external modules

    mrproper         - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files

    distclean         - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

    Configuration targets:

    config         - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program

    nconfig - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program

    menuconfig         - Update current config utilising a menu based program

    xconfig         - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end

    gconfig         - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end

    oldconfig         - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base

    localmodconfig - Update current config disabling modules not loaded

    localyesconfig - Update current config converting local mods to core

    silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps

    defconfig         - New config with default from ARCH supplied defconfig

    savedefconfig - Save current config as ./defconfig (minimal config)

    allnoconfig         - New config where all options are answered with no

    allyesconfig         - New config where all options are accepted with yes

    allmodconfig         - New config selecting modules when possible

    alldefconfig - New config with all symbols set to default

    randconfig         - New config with random answer to all options

    listnewconfig - List new options

    olddefconfig         - Same as silentoldconfig but sets new symbols to their default value

    Other generic targets:

    all                 - Build all targets marked with [*]

    * vmlinux         - Build the bare kernel

    * modules         - Build all modules

    modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)

    firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH

    (default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)

    dir/ - Build all files in dir and below

    dir/file.[oisS] - Build specified target only

    dir/file.lst - Build specified mixed source/assembly target only

    (requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))

    dir/file.ko - Build module including final link

    modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules

    tags/TAGS         - Generate tags file for editors

    cscope         - Generate cscope index

    gtags - Generate GNU GLOBAL index

    kernelrelease         - Output the release version string

    kernelversion         - Output the version stored in Makefile

    image_name         - Output the image name

    headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH

    (default: ./usr)

    Static analysers

    checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs

    namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel

    versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage

    includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files

    export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols

    headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers

    headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

    coccicheck - Check with Coccinelle.

    Kernel packaging:

    rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages

    binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package

    deb-pkg - Build the kernel as a deb package

    tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball

    targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball

    tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

    tarxz-pkg - Build the kernel as a xz compressed tarball

    perf-tar-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar source tarball

    perf-targz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.gz source tarball

    perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.bz2 source tarball

    perf-tarxz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.xz source tarball

    Documentation targets:

    Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:

    htmldocs - HTML

    pdfdocs - PDF

    psdocs - Postscript

    xmldocs - XML DocBook

    mandocs - man pages

    installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs

    cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files

    Architecture specific targets (x86):

    * bzImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)

    install - Install kernel using

    (your) ~/bin/installkernel or

    (distribution) /sbin/installkernel or

    install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

    fdimage - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

    fdimage144 - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

    fdimage288 - Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

    isoimage - Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)

    bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:

    FDARGS="..." arguments for the booted kernel

    FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel

    kvmconfig        - Enable additional options for guest kernel support

    x86_64_defconfig - Build for x86_64

    i386_defconfig - Build for i386

    make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build

    make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target

    make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config

    make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)

    make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

    make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections

    make W=n [targets] Enable extra gcc checks, n=1,2,3 where

    1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often

    2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant

    3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored

    Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123

    Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]

    For further info see the ./README file

    [root@apache linux-3.16.1]#



    執行 make menuconfig命令 出現圖形

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    save

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    生成.config檔案

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    退出

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    提示執行make繼續或檢視幫助

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    執行 make命令,根據環境編譯kernel,生成模組檔案。等待一段時間



    執行make all 生成核心檔案 和 模組檔案

    [root@dns linux-3.16.1]# make all

    CHK include/config/kernel.release

    CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

    CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h

    CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh

    CHK include/generated/compile.h

    CERTS kernel/x509_certificate_list

    - Including cert signing_key.x509

    AS kernel/system_certificates.o

    LD kernel/built-in.o

    CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

    LINK vmlinux

    LD vmlinux.o

    MODPOST vmlinux.o

    GEN .version

    CHK include/generated/compile.h

    UPD include/generated/compile.h

    CC init/version.o

    LD init/built-in.o

    KSYM .tmp_kallsyms1.o

    KSYM .tmp_kallsyms2.o

    LD vmlinux

    SORTEX vmlinux

    SYSMAP System.map

    TEST posttest

    Succeed: decoded and checked 1702020 instructions

    TEST posttest

    arch/x86/tools/insn_sanity: Success: decoded and checked 1000000 random instructions with 0 errors (seed:0x769ca218)

    VOFFSET arch/x86/boot/voffset.h

    OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin

    GZIP arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz

    MKPIGGY arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.S

    AS arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.o

    LD arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux

    ZOFFSET arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h

    AS arch/x86/boot/header.o

    CC arch/x86/boot/version.o

    LD arch/x86/boot/setup.elf

    OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/setup.bin

    OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin

    BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage

    Setup is 17104 bytes (padded to 17408 bytes).

    System is 5064 kB

    CRC 67447bac

    Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#2)

    Building modules, stage 2.

    MODPOST 2161 modules

    [root@dns linux-3.16.1]#



    執行 make modules_install 安裝模組

    執行 make install

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    重啟

    shutdown -r 0

    選擇新的kernel啟動

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    檢視當前kernel,uname -r

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    升級核心完成

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