靜態註冊：透過解析listene.ora檔案

動態註冊：由PMON程式動態註冊至監聽中

在沒有listener.ora配置檔案的情況下，如果啟動監聽，則監聽為動態註冊。用圖形化netca建立的監聽，預設也為動態註冊

1.靜態註冊

listener.ora檔案，監聽的配置檔案，靜態註冊讀取該檔案，動態註冊，不必要

可以透過netca工具建立，也可以手動編輯。典型的listener.ora檔案內容：

LISTENER_PHAMR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = phamrdb1-vip)(PORT = 1521))
)

SID_LIST_LISTENER_PHALR =
(SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (GLOBAL_DBNAME = phalr)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/product/11.2.0)
      (SID_NAME = phalr)
    )
)

listener.ora檔案兩大模組：

LISTENER模組：監聽名字、連線協議、監聽主機、監聽埠等基本配置資訊

SID_LIST_LISTENER模組：配置監聽的靜態註冊特性，包含資料庫服務名、ORACLE_HOME、例項名等資訊。

注意：SID_NAME，就是資料庫例項名，在Linux環境大小寫敏感

GLOBAL_DBNAME就是資料庫服務名,可以省略，預設和SID_NAME保持一致，也可以不一致。

ORACLE_HOME，預設和$ORACLE_HOME環境變數保持一致。Windows，該引數無效，取自注冊表。

靜態註冊，監聽不知道例項的具體狀態，所以監聽啟動之初檢視例項資訊，其狀態資訊顯示為UNKNOWN.例如：

oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> lsnrctl status LISTENER_PHAMR

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:17:37

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=phamrdb1-vip)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER_PHAMR
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                01-OCT-2016 14:12:51
Uptime                    47 days 3 hr. 4 min. 45 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/phamrdb1/listener_phamr/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.178.1.64)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "phamr" has 1 instance(s).     監聽狀態中的服務名
Instance "phamr", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service... 監聽狀態中的例項名
The command completed successfully

2，動態註冊
在動態註冊監聽的環境中，listener.ora檔案可以不包括當前資料庫的例項資訊，所以這個檔案不必要。

例項啟動時，會由Oracle PMON程式將資料庫例項資訊動態註冊至監聽上。

當Oracle例項關閉時，會再次由PMON程式自動從監聽裡面撤銷當前例項資訊。

所以，要實現動態註冊，資料庫的例項至少要處於nomount狀態

監聽動態註冊時的例項狀態：來自PMON程式動態註冊時的例項狀態，一般有3種狀態：READY、BLOCKED和RESTRICED

READY：表示資料庫例項已經處於mount或者open狀態，可以接受客戶端連線

BLOCKED：表示資料庫例項還處於nomount狀態或者該例項型別為ASM例項，不接受客戶端連線，如果這時候客戶端去連

接資料庫會報ora-12528錯誤

RESTRICED：表示資料庫處於RESTRICED模式，不接受普通許可權的遠端客戶端連線，如果這時候客戶端去連線資料庫會報

ora-12526錯誤

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 16:01:43

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 4 min. 19 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 15:58:47

Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 1 min. 23 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status BLOCKED, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

例項既可以動態註冊，同時靜態註冊，狀態分別顯示為READY和UNKNOWN

oracle@fsdata: /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin> lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 17-NOV-2016 17:50:14

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date                17-NOV-2016 15:57:23
Uptime                    0 days 1 hr. 52 min. 50 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/product/11.2.0/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fsdata/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fsdata)(PORT=1521)))
Services Summary...
Service "FSDATA" has 2 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "FSDATAXDB" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "FSDATA", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully

3.監聽的常用命令

lsnrctl start [listener_name]

lsnrctl stop [listener_name]

lsnrctl status [listener_name]

lsnrctl service [listener_name]

lsnrctl reload [listener_name]

4.監聽的別名

監聽預設名字是LISTENER，可以配置別名

oracle@fsdata: /dump> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr | grep -v grep
oracle 29598 1 0 15:57 ? 00:00:00 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit

oracle@phamrdb1: /home/oracle> ps -ef | grep tnslsnr| grep -v grep
oracle 38300 1 0 Oct01 ? 06:21:54 /oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER_PHAMR –inherit

Oracle監聽的靜態註冊和動態註冊

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