環境說明：
版本 version 5.6.25-log
主1庫ip: 10.219.24.25
主2庫ip: 10.219.24.22
從1庫ip：10.219.24.26
os 版本： centos 6.7
已安裝熱備軟體：xtrabackup
防火牆已關

雙主一從架構圖

補充：
主從複製原理： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72972701
mysql 5.6安裝：http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/53608554
xtrabackup 安裝： http://blog.csdn.net/zhang123456456/article/details/72836184

整個流程：先搭建一主一從，然後反向搭建雙活，最後搭建一主一從

1、主庫引數調整
-- 停止主庫mysql
[root@mysql02 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql02 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 主庫建立relay log目錄
[root@mysql02 full]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[root@mysql02 full]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/relaylog
-- 調整 my.cnf 引數
[root@mysql02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql02 full]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=25
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_slave_updates = 1
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
binlog_format = mixed
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:12M:autoextend
auto_increment_increment = 10
auto_increment_offset = 1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

說明：
a、主庫必須配置的引數
server-id （主從的server-id必須不同）、log_bin、binlog_format、relay-log、relay-log-index、relay_log_purge、relay_log_purge
auto-increment-offset、auto-increment-increment

b、log-slave-updates 意思是，中繼日誌執行之後，這些變化是否需要計入自己的binarylog。當你的B伺服器需要作為另外一個伺服器的主伺服器的時候需要開啟。就是雙主互相備份，或者多主迴圈備份。我們這裡需要，所以開啟。

c、auto-increment-offset、auto-increment-increment 兩個引數用於在雙主（多主迴圈）互相備份。因為每臺資料庫伺服器都可能在同一個表中插入資料，如果表有一個自動增長的主鍵，那麼就會在多伺服器上出現主鍵衝突。解決這個問題的辦法就是讓每個資料庫的自增主鍵不連續。上圖說是，我假設需要將來可能需要10臺伺服器做備份，所以auto-increment-increment 設為10. 而 auto-increment-offset=1 表示這臺伺服器的序號。從1開始，不超過auto-increment-increment。這樣做之後，我在這臺伺服器上插入的第一個id就是 1，第二行的id就是 11了，而不是2.（同理，在第二臺伺服器上插入的第一個id就是2，第二行就是12，這個後面再介紹）這樣就不會出現主鍵衝突了。後面我們會演示這個id的效果。

-- 啟動主庫
[root@mysql02 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
2、從庫引數調整
-- 停止從庫mysql
[root@mysql01 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql01 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606
-- 調整 my.cnf 引數
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=22
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_slave_updates = 1
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
auto_increment_increment = 10
auto_increment_offset = 2
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8

說明：從庫必須配置的引數
server-id、log_bin、relay-log、relay_log_purge、auto-increment-offset、auto-increment-increment、relay_log_purge

3、主庫備份
-- 主庫備份目錄
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
-- 主庫 innobackupex 備份
[root@mysql02 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/
170610 17:50:23 Backup created in directory '/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000010', position '120'
....
170610 17:50:23 completed OK!
-- 檢視備份 binlog編號與截止 position
[root@mysql02 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
binlog.000010 120

4、從庫建立與主庫相同的備份目錄
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、主庫將備份 scp 到從庫
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql02 full]# scp -r 2017-06-10_17-50-19 10.219.24.22:/xtrabackup/full
6、從庫檢視scp過來的備份
[root@mysql01 ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
[root@mysql01 2017-06-10_17-50-19]# ll
total 12320
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 419 Jun 10 18:01 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 10 18:01 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 10 18:01 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 113 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 482 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 Jun 10 18:01 xtrabackup_logfile

7、主庫建立同步使用者
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave25'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、從庫恢復主庫資料
-- 從庫將原有datadir資料夾重新命名到新位置，並建立原資料夾
[root@mysql01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
-- innobackupex apply-log
[root@mysql01 ~]# innobackupex --apply-log --user=oracle \
--password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/
-- innobackupex copy 恢復的檔案到原來的資料位置
[root@mysql01 mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root \
--copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-10_17-50-19/

170610 18:25:11 completed OK!
-- 建立binlog目錄與 relaylog 目錄並賦權
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、從庫配置與檢測
-- 從庫啟動
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
-- 從庫指定與主庫同步的基本資訊
mysql>
change master to
master_host='10.219.24.25',
master_port=3306,
master_user='slave25',
master_password='oracle',
master_log_file='binlog.000010',
master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

引數解釋：
MASTER_HOST : 設定要連線的主伺服器的ip地址
MASTER_USER : 設定要連線的主伺服器的使用者名稱
MASTER_PASSWORD : 設定要連線的主伺服器的密碼
MASTER_LOG_FILE : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的日誌名稱
MASTER_LOG_POS : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的記錄位置

-- 啟動slave 狀態(開始監聽msater的變化)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-- 檢視slave的狀態.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.25
Master_User: slave25
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000017
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 217
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 377
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000017
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 217
Relay_Log_Space: 540
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 25
Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100:1-4
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

10、主從同步檢查
-- 主庫
mysql> create database repl;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use repl
Database changed
mysql> create table repl (id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into repl values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

##################################################
#至此A到B的複製已經配置完成，下面配置從B到A的複製。#
##################################################

宣告> 下面操作中新主庫即為原從庫（10.219.24.22）新從庫為原主庫（10.219.24.25）

11、新主庫建立同步使用者
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave22'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

12、新主庫檢視 binlog 檔案號與 position 點
mysql> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
| binlog.000010 | 120 | | | 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100:1-4 |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

13、新從庫指定與主庫同步的基本資訊
mysql>
change master to
master_host='10.219.24.22',
master_port=3306,
master_user='slave22',
master_password='oracle',
master_log_file='binlog.000010',
master_log_pos=120;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

14、新從庫開啟 slave 複製功能
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
15、新從庫檢測同步複製狀態
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.22
Master_User: slave22
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000010
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 280
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000010
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 120
Relay_Log_Space: 443
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 22
Master_UUID: 70023652-4dc7-11e7-9360-000c2944297a
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100:1-4
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

-- 新從庫測試資料同步狀態
mysql> create database mm_repl;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use mm_repl;
Database changed
mysql> create table mm_repl(id int auto_increment,name varchar(10), primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into mm_repl(name) values("andy"),("taoYe");
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mm_repl;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | andy |
| 11 | taoYe |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 新主庫測試資料同步狀態
mysql> select * from mm_repl;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | andy |
| 11 | taoYe |
+----+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into mm_repl(name) values("andy"),("taoYe");
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from mm_repl;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | andy |
| 11 | taoYe |
| 12 | andy |
| 22 | taoYe |
+----+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
-- 新從庫檢查同步複製
mysql> select * from mm_repl;
+----+-------+
| id | name |
+----+-------+
| 1 | andy |
| 11 | taoYe |
| 12 | andy |
| 22 | taoYe |
+----+-------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec) >主主同步測試成功

##################################################
#至此雙主複製已經配置完成，下面配置主A到從C的複製。#
##################################################

主1從1搭建：

1、停止從庫mysql
[root@mysql01 ~]# service mysql stop
[root@mysql01 ~]# netstat -nltp|grep mysql|grep 3606

2、從庫引數調整
-- 調整 my.cnf 引數
[root@mysql01 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[root@mysql03 mysql]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[client]
password = oracle
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
server-id=26
port = 3306
socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock
character_set_server = utf8
character_set_client = utf8
collation-server=utf8_general_ci
lower_case_table_names = 1
max_connections = 1000
datadir = /data/mysql
log_bin = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binarylog/binlog
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay-log-index = /data/mysql/relaylog/relay
relay_log_purge = on
read-only = 1
[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8
說明：從庫必須配置的引數
server-id、log_bin、relay-log、read-only

3、主庫備份
-- 主庫備份目錄
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
-- 主庫 innobackupex 備份
[root@mysql02 ~]# innobackupex --user=root --password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/
170611 23:55:25 Backup created in directory '/xtrabackup/full/2017-06-11_23-55-20/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000017', position '980'
....
170611 23:55:25 completed OK!
-- 檢視備份 binlog編號與截止 position
[root@mysql02 2017-06-11_23-55-20]# cat xtrabackup_binlog_info
binlog.000017 980

4、從庫建立與主庫相同的備份目錄
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql01 ~]# chown -R mysql:mysql /xtrabackup/full/

5、主庫將備份 scp 到從庫
[root@mysql02 full]# pwd
/xtrabackup/full
[root@mysql02 full]# scp -r 2017-06-11_23-55-20 10.219.24.26:/xtrabackup/full
6、從庫檢視scp過來的備份
[root@mysql03 ~]# cd /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-11_23-55-20/
[root@mysql03 2017-06-11_23-55-20]# ll
total 12328
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 419 Jun 11 23:57 backup-my.cnf
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 12582912 Jun 11 23:57 ibdata1
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 23:57 mm_repl
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 23:57 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 23:57 performance_schema
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 23:57 repl
drwxr-x---. 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 23:57 test
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 18 Jun 11 23:57 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 113 Jun 11 23:57 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 482 Jun 11 23:57 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 2560 Jun 11 23:57 xtrabackup_logfile

7、主庫建立同步使用者
mysql> GRANT replication slave ON *.* TO 'slave26'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

8、從庫恢復主庫資料
-- 從庫將原有datadir資料夾重新命名到新位置，並建立原資料夾
[root@mysql01 ~]# mv /data/mysql /data/mysqlbak
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql
-- innobackupex apply-log
[root@mysql01 ~]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --apply-log --user=oracle \
--password=oracle --port=3606 /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-11_23-55-20/
-- innobackupex copy 恢復的檔案到原來的資料位置
[root@mysql01 mysql]# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=root \
--copy-back /xtrabackup/full/2017-06-11_23-55-20/
170610 18:25:11 completed OK!
-- 建立binlog目錄與 relaylog 目錄並賦權
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binarylog
[root@mysql01 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog/
[root@mysql01 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql

9、從庫配置與檢測
-- 從庫啟動
[root@mysql01 mysql]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &
-- 從庫指定與主庫同步的基本資訊
mysql>
change master to
master_host='10.219.24.25',
master_port=3306,
master_user='slave26',
master_password='oracle',
master_log_file='binlog.000017',
master_log_pos=980;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.04 sec)

引數解釋：
MASTER_HOST : 設定要連線的主伺服器的ip地址
MASTER_USER : 設定要連線的主伺服器的使用者名稱
MASTER_PASSWORD : 設定要連線的主伺服器的密碼
MASTER_LOG_FILE : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的日誌名稱
MASTER_LOG_POS : 設定要連線的主伺服器的bin日誌的記錄位置
-- 啟動slave 狀態(開始監聽msater的變化)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
-- 檢視slave的狀態.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.219.24.25
Master_User: slave26
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: binlog.000017
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 980
Relay_Log_File: relay.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 280
Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000017
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 980
Relay_Log_Space: 443
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 25
Master_UUID: 29d68531-4cf9-11e7-8e1f-000c297c4100
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

ERROR:
No query specified

10.2 主2 建立資料，看其他複製同步情況
-- 主2 建立
mysql> use m1;
Database changed
mysql> create table andy(id int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into andy values(1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
-- 主1 檢視
mysql> use m1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from andy;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
-- 從1 檢視
mysql> use m1;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from andy;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec) >成功，雙主一從搭建成功！

mysql之 mysql 5.6不停機雙主一從搭建（活躍雙主一從基於日誌點複製）

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