DBA強化實戰系列第一期：centos6.4安裝oracle11.2.0.4單例項asm

最近有不少朋友說在linux6.4上安裝oracle11.2.0.4失敗，所以特別測試一下，網路首發，轉載請註明出處
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1、確定作業系統

[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# uname -a
Linux mytest 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Feb 22 00:31:26 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# free -m
             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:         48269       1192      47077          0         43        328
-/+ buffers/cache:        819      47450
Swap:        40959          0      40959

[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 mytest mytest mytest.localdomain mytest4 mytest4.localdomain4
::1 mytest mytest.localdomain mytest6 mytest6.localdomain6
192.168.92.161 mytest
注意，這裡要編輯，否則在配置監聽的時候會報錯，vip服務無法註冊

2、建使用者授權

[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# groupadd oinstall
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# groupadd dba
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password:
BAD PASSWORD: it is based on your username
Retype new password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# mkdir /u01
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# mkdir /u02
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# cd /u01
[root@mytest u01]# chmod 777 /u02

3、編輯使用者環境變數
[root@mytest u01]# su - oracle
[oracle@mytest ~]$ vi .bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin
TMP=/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db1; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=oradb; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS"; export NLS_DATE_FORMAT
NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK;export NLS_LANG
export PATH
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
         ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
        umask 022
fi
".bash_profile" 32L, 968C written

4、設定系統環境變數

[root@mytest u01]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 8388608 --注意，我這裡的記憶體比較大，所以要大一點，否則會報錯
kernel.shmmax = 30064771072
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
vm.min_free_kbytes = 51200

[root@mytest u01]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle hard stack 10240

[root@mytest u01]# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled

[root@mytest u01]# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required pam_limits.so

系統環境已經配置結束！

5、打補丁包
配置yum源
[root@mytest ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
[root@mytest ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo
修改的結果如下：
[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///media/CentOS_6.4_Final
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

--清除原有的yum資訊

[root@mytest ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Cleaning up Everything

--檢查DVD軟體列表
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# yum list
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors
c6-media | 3.7 kB 00:00 ...
c6-media/primary_db | 3.3 MB 00:00 ...
--檢查一下系統中的包是否最新
[root@mytest yum.repos.d]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Setting up Update Process
No Packages marked for Update
注意：以下包是必須安裝上去的
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686.rpm
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6
gcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
gcc-c++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-2.12-1.107.el6.i686.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.x86_64.rpm
glibc-devel-2.12-1.107.el6.i686.rpm
ksh-20100621-19.el6.x86_64.rpm
libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6.i686.rpm
libgcc-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-docs-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-3.el6.i686.rpm
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686.rpm
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64.rpm
elfutils-libelf-0.152-1.el6.i686.rpm

如果以上包不存在，就必須安裝。
在我的環境中，只有以下包沒有，所以進行安裝
[root@mytest ~]# yum install -y libstdc++-docs
[root@mytest ~]# yum install -y ksh
[root@mytest ~]# yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
[root@mytest ~]# yum install -y libaio-devel

注意，如果安裝了ksh包，那麼將與pdksh-5.2.14-30.x86_64.rpm衝突，不安裝pdksh不會影響安裝的使用的

5、對硬碟進行分割槽
總共掛了5塊盤，sda/sdb/sdc/sdd/sde
其中，sda做為系統盤，對其餘四個盤進行分割槽。
[root@mytest ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x646bfece.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1017, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1017, default 1017):
Using default value 1017

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@mytest ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x87ca0cb5.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-1017, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-1017, default 1017):
Using default value 1017

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@mytest ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x55c77081.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-40960, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-40960, default 40960):
Using default value 40960

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@mytest ~]# fdisk /dev/sde
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x0109de8c.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-40960, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-40960, default 40960):
Using default value 40960

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

--配置udev，使用這種方式來繫結asm裸裝置
我們計劃用第一盤和第二個裸裝置來做crs盤，建crsdg.

[root@mytest rules.d]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d
[root@mytest rules.d]# vi 60-raw.rules

# Enter raw device bindings here.
#
# An example would be:
# ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or
# ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8", ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m"
# to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device with major 8, minor 1.
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdc1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdd1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N"
ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sde1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw4 %N"
KERNEL=="raw[1-4]", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="dba", MODE="660"

[root@mytest rules.d]# start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
[root@mytest rules.d]# raw -qa
/dev/raw/raw1: bound to major 8, minor 17
/dev/raw/raw2: bound to major 8, minor 33
/dev/raw/raw3: bound to major 8, minor 49
/dev/raw/raw4: bound to major 8, minor 65
在這裡，可以看到，我們繫結已經成功了！
請注意，在有些場景中，這樣的繫結方法會有侷限性。linux在掃描磁碟時出現磁碟亂序，要使用繫結uuid的方法，請參閱<<linux系統重啟磁碟機代號錯亂問題>>

6、安裝grid軟體

注意，11.2以後的版本，asm已經發生了很大的變化，包括對asm的管理也發生了很大的變化，即使安裝單例項的asm，也必須安裝crs軟體
將：
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip

grid是第三個包，unzip解壓即可

上傳，並解壓
先安裝grid，然後
執行：runInstaller

根據圖形介面來做，過程很簡單。
--1，skip software update
--2，configure oracle grid infrastructer for a standalone server 第二個選項
--3，以後的就直接下一步
--4，選兩個盤建crsdg,本例中選擇raw1及raw2，建crsdg，normal模式
--5，後面的基本是一步，就行了，注意asm密碼的設定，不要忘記了！
--6，路徑選擇。由於我們的grid都使用的是oracle使用者，所以這裡的路徑要手動輸一下
--7，在檢測的時候提示kdpsh包，選擇ignore all就行了，不影響，這個與圖形介面有關
--8，安裝最後提示用執行orainstRoot.sh及root.sh，這個比較簡單，使用root使用者執行
[root@mytest u02]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@mytest u02]# sh /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'oracle', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
LOCAL ONLY MODE
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node mytest successfully pinned.
Adding Clusterware entries to upstart

mytest 2013/12/09 16:58:55 /u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs/cdata/mytest/backup_20131209_165855.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server
這時候，系統開始配置相關的東西，並啟動crs軟體，asm也將會啟動起來，
至此，grid安裝結束

[oracle@mytest grid]$ ps -ef | grep pmon
oracle 8885 1 0 17:01 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle 9213 2741 0 17:01 pts/0 00:00:00 grep pmon

[oracle@mytest grid]$ ps -ef | grep -i +asm
oracle    8885     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
oracle    8887     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
oracle    8889     1 1 17:01 ?        00:00:01 asm_vktm_+ASM
oracle    8893     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASM
oracle    8895     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_diag_+ASM
oracle    8897     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_dia0_+ASM
oracle    8899     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
oracle    8901     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
oracle    8903     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
oracle    8905     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
oracle    8907     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
oracle    8909     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
oracle    8911     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
oracle    8913     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASM
oracle    8915     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASM
oracle    8927     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 oracle+ASM (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))
oracle    9204     1 0 17:01 ?        00:00:00 asm_fd00_+ASM

[root@mytest bin]# ./crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.CRSDG.dg   ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    mytest
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    mytest
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    mytest
ora.cssd       ora.cssd.type ONLINE    ONLINE    mytest
ora.diskmon    ora....on.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.evmd       ora.evm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    mytest
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE

7、安裝oracle軟體
第一個包、第二個包是rdbms的軟體，直接解壓安裝！
記住，要先解壓1，再解壓2
[oracle@mytest database]$ ./runInstaller
--1，選擇skip software update
--2，選擇install database software only
--3，選擇single instance database installation
--4，以下動作基本是下一步就行了
--5，軟體檢測時，同樣是忽略kdpsh這個包，緊接著，下一步
--6，到最後，要安裝root.sh
[root@mytest bin]# sh /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The contents of "dbhome" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "oraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.
The contents of "coraenv" have not changed. No need to overwrite.

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
至此，資料庫軟體安裝完全結束，這時候，我們可以建資料庫了！

8、建立dg，準備建資料庫
[oracle@mytest database]$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM
[oracle@mytest database]$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/grid/product/11.2.0/crs
[oracle@mytest database]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME
[oracle@mytest crs]$ cd bin
[oracle@mytest bin]$ ./sqlplus / as sysasm

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Dec 9 17:26:38 2013

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Automatic Storage Management option

SQL> create diskgroup datadg1 external redundancy disk '/dev/raw/raw3' attribute 'au_size' = '2M';

Diskgroup created.

SQL> alter diskgroup datadg1 add disk '/dev/raw/raw4';

Diskgroup altered.

9、建立資料庫
[oracle@mytest ~]# export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1
[oracle@mytest ~]# dbca
--1，選擇create database
--2，選擇general purpose or transaction processing
--3，在storage type時，選擇automatic storage mamagement(asm)
--4，use oracle-managed files 中，點選瀏覽，並選擇剛才建的datadg1
--5，配置sga及pga，據自己實體記憶體及業務設定
--6，字符集，choose from the list of character sets 中選擇zhs16gbk
--7，以後的安裝基本是下一步
至此，所有安裝都結束了！

DBA強化實戰系列第一期：centos6.4安裝oracle11.2.0.4單例項asm

DBA強化實戰系列第一期：centos6.4安裝oracle11.2.0.4單例項asm

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